考研写作素材5 49页

考研写作素材8.21Childrenlearnbestbyobservingthebehaviorofadultsandcopyingit.Whatisyouropiniononthistopic?Andwhydoyouthinklikethis?Detailyourthoughtsonthisissue.Theprocessofgrowingupisverycomplexforchildren.Amongcountlessfactorsthatinfluencechildren’sgrowth,thebehaviorofadultsplaysasignificantroleinshapingchildren’sinclinationandcharacter.Afterthebabyisborn,thefirstandthenearestadultsarehisorherparents.Thelittlebabyhasstartedtolearnfromtheirparentsbyobservingandcopyingtheadults’talk.Thislearningenvironmentisimportanforthebabies.Thereisaspecialcasereportedbythepress.Ababywasabandonedwhenshewasborn.Asowfedherasapiglet.Whenshewasabouteightyearsold,somevillagersfoundher,butherintelligencewasjustsimilartothetwo-yearoldbabyandallofherbehaviorslookedlikethoseofapig.Fromthiscase,weknowchildisa“mirror”whichwillreflectthebehaviorofthecloseadults.Alongwiththechildren’sgrowth,adultswillinfluencethemmuchmore,suchaslogicalthinking,makingdecision,cooperationwithothers,etc.Thebehaviorofadultscangivechildrenbothgoodandbadinfluence.Mostofthebehaviorsrepresentadults’inclination.Forinstance,ifmediareportchieflyonthedarksideofthesociety,childrenwilleasilyinclinetoviolenceandexcessivesex.Therefore,theywillbeinfectedwithbadmentalstate.Behaviorisadirectandconvincingmethodtoteachchildren.Thingsareeasiertobesaidthantobedone.Parentsalwaystelltheirchildrenthoseprinciplesrepeatedly,butmostchildrencannotacceptitthroughthisboringmethod.Adults’behavioristhemosteffectiveeducationmethod.Ifyouletthemobservethewholeprocessofhowtodealwiththeproblems,childrenwilllearnfromyounaturally.Childrenarelikeyoungtrees.Theyneedtobecarefullyirrigated,fertilizedandtrimmed.Yourbehaviorwillbegreatlyhelpfultoshapethemintousefultalents.8.22Zoosaresometimesseenasnecessarybutpooralternativetoanaturalenvironment.Isitnecessarytokeepanimalsinzoos?Whatisyouropinion?Inthemodernsociety,zoosarealmostindispensablepalacesinlargecitiesforpeopletovisit.Insomelargezoos,therearevariousanimalsfromspacetosea,andfromprimitiveinvertebratestoadvancedandintelligentmammals.Inthezoos,allanimals,includingthoserareanimals,suchaspanda,Africaelephant,andNorth-Easttiger,couldenjoygoodcareandprotectionawayfromanyhurt.However,alongwiththestrongernaturalenvironmentalprotectionconsciousness,manypeoplethinkthattoputanimalsintosmallcageswillchangetheirlivinginstincts,andthereforeinterrupttheecologicalbalance.Viewedfromthebasicrelationsbetweenanimalsandhumanbeings,animalsshouldhavethesameequalfreedomashumanbeings.Theyarealsoaformoflife.Animalshavetheirownlivinginstinct,anditisthisinstinctthatformsthebiologicalchainoftheEarth.Thisrelationiscalled“EcologicalBalance”academically.Forexample,insect—bird—snake.Ifmostbirdsinaregionarekilledandlockedintocagesbyhumanbeings,thepestswilleatoutallcrops,andsnakeswilllosealargepartoffood(bird)-resources,thereforeleadingtostarvationanddeath.49 Thisopinionsoundsidealtheoretically.Howeverinreality,humanbeingsandotheranimalscannotstaytogetherpeacefullyontheEarth.Becauseofhumanbeings’lustforfortune,manyvaluableanimalsarekilledorsold,especiallythoseendangeredspecies.Therefore,zoosappearasanactivewayforpeopletoprotectthosepooranimals.Inthefirstplace,thisisanactionnotonlyforanimalsbutalsoforhumanbeingitself.Oncethebiologicalchainisbroken,humanbeingswillbepunishedinevitably.Inthesecondplace,zooscanserveapurposeofeducatingandentertainingpeople,narrowingthedistancebetweenhumanbeingsandanimals.Lastbutnotleastimportant,zooscanbeascientificstudycentertorescuemoreendangeredspeciesandmakeanimalsbetterservepeople’sneed.Thekeypointofthistopicisfreedomorprotection.Inmyopinion,thosetwoaspectscanbeunified.Itisnecessarytokeepanimalsinzoosforthepurposeofprotection,teachingandstudy.Let’sthinkitfurther—thepurposeofalltheseactionsistomakeanimalslivehappier.Therefore,tomaintaintheecologicalbalanceishencetoprotectourownlivingenvironment.8.23Nowadays,thesportstarsarepaidinsuchahighsalary,whichismuchmorethanthewholelifesalaryofacommonfamily.Shouldathleteshaveahighsalarylikethis?SampleOneShouldathleteshaveahighsalary?Frommypointofview,Ireckonthattheyshouldgetagoodpay.Tobeginwith,thedevelopmentofathleticlevelrepresentsthepowerofacountry.Athletesmakegreatcontributionstothesocietyandearngreatgloriestotheircountry.Whenournationalanthemisplayedinthestadium,wefeelveryproudofourcountry’sstrength.Therefore,ahighsalaryisarewardtotheeffortsathletesmake.What’smore,athletesdevotethemselvesfullytothetrainingandexercises.Everyday,theydoalotofexerciseswithaviewtosettingnewrecordinthesportsgames.Athletesareapttobehurtinthematches,becausesomesportsgamesaredangerous,forexample,football,boxingandwushu.Highpayguaranteespromptandgoodmedicalcareiftheygethurt.Lastbutnotleastimportant,theathleticcareerisveryshort.Manyathletesretirewhentheyarestillquiteyoung.Highsalarycanensurethattheycanhaveabetterlifeaftertheyretire.Iftheywantafurtherstudy,theywillhavenofinancialburdens.Tosumup,itisreasonableforathletestogethighsalary,becausetheyareworthofit.SampleTwoSalariesshouldreflectpeople’sdedicationandjobresponsibilities.However,sportsfigures,whodon’tbenefitthecommunityingeneral,earnmillionsofdollarseach.Inmyopinion,thisiswrong.Thingsshouldbedonetochangethissituation.IfwetaketheexampleofasportstarsuchasTyson,itishardforustosayinwhatwayhebenefitsthesociety.Infact,hisdisobeyinggamerulessetsabadexampleforyoungpeople,andhisabandonedbehaviorencouragespeopletoexperimentwithsexandviolence.Besides,hisjobdoesnotrequirespecialskillsoryearsoftrainingandeducation.Althoughhecanentertainandexciteaudience,Idonotthinkthatheisjustifiedtoreceive49 somuchmoneyandhisjobcanbeconsideredessential.Ontheotherhand,mostpeoplein“ordinary”professionslikenurses,doctorsandteachersearnonlyasmallfractionoftheincomeofthese“stars”.However,ifwegiveacarefullookattheseprofessions,wewillfindthattheynotonlyrequirespecialskillsandyearsofeducationbutalsohelpthepeopleandthewholesociety.Forinstance,teachersdisseminateknowledgetothesociety;doctorsandnursesofferpatientsgoodmedicalcareandprolongtheirlife.Theyaremuchmorehelpful,andactuallymoreessentialtosocietythansportspersonalities.Withoutthese“ordinary”professions,oursocietywouldstopprogressing.Theirsalariesshouldberelatedtoskill,educationorthevalueoftheindividualtosociety.Thingsshouldbedonetomakesalariesfairer.Hugeamountsofmoneyshallbegiventomoredeservingpeople.8.24Traditionalartscivilizedanation.Doyouthinkgovernmentshouldsubsidizemusicians,artists,actorsordramacompanies?Whatshouldagovernmentdo?Traditionalarts,asvaluableculturalrelicsofanation,aredisappearingfarawayfromthemodernsociety.China,asoneofthehighly-civilizedcountriesintheworld,aboundinvariousformsoftraditionalarts,suchaspainting,calligraphy,music,architectureanddramas,whicharenotonlyournationalculturaltreasures,butalsoarichfortuneoftheworld.Asessenceofalocalculture,traditionalartsreflectanation’sartistictalentsandtraditions.Forexample,watercolorpaintingdepictsaharmonybetweenpeopleandnature.Architectureillustratesanation’saestheticvalueandreligiousbelief.Cathedrals,highlightedbyBaroquestyleinthe17thcentury,representChristianity.Pagodas,totallydifferentfromcathedralsstylistically,areasymbolofBuddhism.PekingOperadescribesthehistoryofourcountry.However,traditionalartsareleavingcontemporarypeoplefurtherandfurtheraway.Oneofthemainreasonsforthefactisthattheauthoritiesconcernedandsomeinstituteslackfundsandprofessionals,whicharequiteessentialtotheresearchandpromotionoftraditionalculture.Anotherradicalreasonshouldbeattributedtotheimpactofwesternculturesontraditions.Youngpeople,especiallyyoungsters,areaddictedtowesternmusiclikerockandroll,withoutanyknowledgeabouttraditionalmusicalinstruments.Withtheeconomicglobalization,traditionalcultureandartswillbeinthedangerofassimilation.Howtomaintainanddeveloptraditionalartsbecomesthebiggestconcernofagovernment.Tobeginwith,thegovernmentshouldestablishafundfortheresearchandpromotionoftraditionalarts.What’smore,theresearchinstitutesanduniversitiesshouldworkoutalong-termdevelopingscheme,organizingsystematicresearchontraditionalarts.Artsbelongtoanationandthewholeworldaswell.Theprosperityoftraditionalartswilldiversifythecultureoftheworld.8.25Writeanessay,consideringandassessingargumentsforandagainstthefollowingview:Asreadingisimportantforagoodeducation,weshouldencourageourchildrentoreadwhateverappealstothem.49 ThefamousEnglishphilosopherFrancisBaconsaid,“Readingmakesafullman”.Readingbookscanstronglyshapeyouinclination,matureyourthoughts,widenyouhorizonandenrichyourpersonality.Lifeislimited,butknowledgeisboundless.Themorebooksweread,themoreknowledgeweget.Hence,weshouldencourageourchildrentoreadmorebooks.However,bookscanalsobeharmful,particularlythepornographicbooks.Badbookscontainevilthoughts.Inthem,theremightbemuchdescriptionaboutviolence,superstition,andsex.Let’ssupposethatyouareinthepositionofaparent.Wouldyouallowyourchildrentoreadwhateverappealstothem?Ifyouranswertothequestionis“yes”,youareeitherextremelypermissiveorjustplainlyirresponsible.Ifchildrenreadbadbooks,theevilthoughtswouldpoisontheirmindgradually.Theywillbedispiritedandperhapscommitacrime.Goodbooks,ontheotherhand,teachandhelpchildrentodogoodthings.Goodbooksarechildren’srealcompanions,andtheyarebothinstructiveandinspiring.Childrenknowpasteventsfromhistorybooks,studycommunicationbylanguagebooks;learnspaceandnumbersthroughmathematicsbooks.Inaword,differentkindsofgoodbookscangivethemalargeamountofideasandknowledge.Consequently,thosewhoreadgoodbookscanbeinspiredtogrowhealthily,whilethosewhoreadbadoneswillleadawickedlifeandmeetwithmiserablefailure.Sobeforeweencourageourchildrentoreadbooks,weshouldteachandhelpthemtoidentifygoodandbadbooks.8.26Therateofyoungwomencrimesisrisinginthecurrentsociety.Whatarethecausesandhowtosolveit?Juveniledelinquencyisaveryseriousproblemconfrontingusinmodernsociety.Atthesametime,therateofyoungwomencrimesspearheadsveryfast.Somesociologistsandeducationistsshowgreatconcernaboutthisproblem.Inthisessay,Iwillfindoutthecausesforthisissueandexploresomepossiblesolutions.Firstofall,therapiddevelopmentofsocietyandthechangesofpeople’svalueoftheworldaccountmainlyfortheissue.Intheolddays,womenwereconfinedtohouseworkandbaby-sitting,whichbarricadedwomen’ssteps.Now,withtheeye-catchingdevelopmentofeconomy,manyyoungwomengoouttofindajob,whichrendersthemmoreopportunitiestocontacttheoutsideworld.Asaconsequence,youngwomenareapttobeinfluencedbythemalfeasanceinthesociety.Inaddition,theriseofcriminalratecanbeattributedtothelackofeducationofwomen.Theprosperityandluxuryinsomemetropolisesareveryattractivetosomeyoungwomen.Someofthemleavethecountrysideinthehopethattheycanmakeagoodfortuneinthecities,wheretheyoftenfindthemselvesdisappointedforlackofgoodeducationorskills.Therefore,someofthemfelldespairedandembarkonthecriminalroad.Thelastfactoristheover-descriptionofviolenceonthemedia.TVisthemostpowerfulmedium,whichtransformsabundantinformationaroundtheworld.However,someprogramsarefullofviolencedescription,sexualalluringandbloodycontents,whichareeasytomakeyoungwomenastray.Inordersolvetheproblem,peopleworkoutupvarioussolutions.Formmypointofview,Ideemthefollowingareworthmentioning.Ontheonehand,thegovernmentshouldpaymoreattentiontotheproblemandissuerelevantlawstocrackdownyoungwomencrimes.Meanwhile,weshouldstrengtheneducationandraisethequalityofpeople,helpingthemsetupacorrectoutlookoftheworld.Onlywhenthegovernmentandthesociety49 joinhandsinsolvingtheproblemwilltherateofyoungwomencrimesfalldown.8.27ThefirstcarappearedonBritishroadsin1888.Bytheyear2005theremaybeasmanyas29millionvehiclesonBritishroads.Shouldalternativeformsoftransportbeencouragedandinternationallawsintroducedtocontrolcarownershipanduse?Thereisgeneralagreementthattherearefartoomanyautomobilescrowdingtheroadsnowadays.Infact,itisestimatedthattherewillbeasmanyas29millionmotorvehiclesonBritishroadsbytheyear2005.Notonlydothesemotorvehiclescauseinconvenienceintheformoftrafficjamsandaccidents,theyalsocontributetotheplanet’sever-worseningairpollution.Inmyopinionwemustencouragealternativeformsoftransport.Ifmorepeoplerodebicyclesortraveledbypublictransport,theywouldbehealthierandsufferlessfromstress,theroadswouldbelesscongestedandsafer,andtheairinourcitieswouldbecleaner.Subwaysystems,takepassengersoffthestreetsentirely.Privatecarsarebannedinthedowntownareas,wheretheonlyformofwheeledtransportallowedisthebicycle.However,itisnecessarythattheseeffortstoimprovethetrafficsituationbebackedupbyinternationallawstocontroltheownershipanduseofcars.Thisisbecause,firstofall,pollutioncausedbyautomobilesisaworldwideproblem.What’smore,morepeoplearetravelingbycartoothercountriesnowadays.Ifmeasuresaretakeninaplannedwaytoencouragealternativeformsoftransportation,andinternationallawsputinplacetocontrolcarownershipanduse,thereisnodoubtthattheresultwillbesaferroads,ahealthierlifestyleandaless-pollutedatmosphere.8.28Humanbeingdoesnotneedtoeatmeatinordertomaintaingoodhealthbecausetheycangetalltheirfoodneedsfrommeatlessproductsandmeatlesssubstitute.Doyouagreeordisagree?Meatprovideshumanbeingswithalotofnutritionneededformaintaininggoodhealth.Peoplegetprotein,fat,heatandcholesteroletc.frommeattobuildthemselvesstrongerthanever.However,alongwiththedevelopmentofmeatlessproductsandmeatlesssubstitute,peoplecanalsogettheirnutritionneeds.Vegetariansarethebestexample.Theydon’teatmeat,butonlydependonvegetables,eggsandmilk.Theyliveahappylife,workingeveryday,doingsports,goingfordiscoandtravelingforsightseeing,etc.Mostofthemareinsuchgoodhealth;theycanevencompetewithathletesinsportsgames.Monksareanotherexample.Duetotheirfaithfulreligiousbelief,theyarenotallowedtoeatanymeat,yettheyareingoodshape.Moreover,thesecretoflongevityistoeatmeataslittleaspossible,accordingtomostofpeopleover100yearsold.Theoretically,peoplewillbeingoodhealthsolongastheyhaveenoughproteinandvitamin.Peoplecaneasilygetproteinfrommilkandegg,whilegetvitaminfromfruitsandvegetables.Scienceandtechnologymakeseverythingpossible.Basedontheabove,myconclusionisthatpeoplecanlivewithoutmeat,particularlyalongwiththe49 advancementofthescienceandtechnology,whichcancreatemoremeatlesssubstitutes.Peoplecanmaintaingoodhealth,eveniftheydonoteatanymeat.8.29Manypeoplethinkthatcountrieshaveamoralobligationtohelpeachother,sotheinternationalaidshouldbegiventothepoorcountriesintheworld.Discustheviewofinternationalaid,andgiveyouropinion.Withtheprocessofeconomicglobalization,manycountriesandregionshavestrengthenedcooperationandliaisoninthefieldsofindustry,agriculture,tradeandfinance.Inordertodedicatetothemutualdevelopment,manydevelopedcountriessparenoefforttohelpthepoorcountriesbymeansoftechnological,medicalandfinancialaids,which,tomymind,arequiteessentialtothedevelopmentoftheworld.Tobeginwith,aidsfromdevelopedcountriesoptimizepeople’slivingstandardanderadicatepovertyinthepoorcountries.Duetothebackwardnessofscienceandtechnology,peopleinsomeunderdevelopedcountriesandregionssuchasAfrica,LatinAmericaandAsiasufferagreatdealfrompoverty,hungerandthescarcityofwater.Internationalaidsfromdevelopedcountrieshaveimprovedtheirlivingenvironmentandhelpedthemwiththedevelopmentofagriculture,industryandeconomy.Inaddition,internationalaidsgivegoodmedicalcareandhelppromotehygienicconditioninthepoorcounties.Malaria(疟疾),cholera(霍乱)andsmallpox(天花)wereonceseverethreatstopeople’shealth.WiththehelpoftheWorldHealthOrganizationandsomedevelopedcountries,thesediseaseshavebeeneliminatedsoonandtheresidentsintheinfectedareassurvivedthesedeadlydiseases,whichwouldhavedevouredmillionsofliveswithoutinternationalaid.Lastbutnotleastimportant,aidstotheunderdevelopedcountriesinturnbenefitthedonators.Duetothelimitationofnaturalandhumanresources,theproductioncostrisessharplyinthedevelopedcountries.Withaviewtoreducingcost,manycountriestransferredtheirassemblylinesandproductionbassestothedevelopingcountries,whichnotonlysolvestheproblemoflowrateofemploymentinthedevelopingcountriesbutalsomakefulluseofthelocalresources.Nevertheless,somecountriesareshowinggreatconcernaboutthemal-expenseoftheiraidarousedbybureaucracyandcorruptionofsomegovernments.Therefore,thegovernmentsshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoutilizeinternationalaidsreasonablyandpreventabuse.Onlywiththehelpofinternationalaids,canourworlddevelopmorequicklyandprosperously.8.30Anumberofdifferentmedicaltraditionsarenowwidelyknownandused:Westernmedicine(usingdrugsandsurgery),herbalmedicine,acupuncture(usingneedlesatcertainpointsofthebody),homeopathy(usingminutedoseofpoisons),andsoon.Howimportantisthepatient’smentalattitudetowardshis/hertreatmentindeterminingtheeffectivenessofthetreatment?Awiderangeofmedicaltreatmentsisavailabletoday.Patientsmaywonderwhichwillbethemosteffective,andwhethertheirownmentalattitudetothetypeoftreatmentmightaffectitssuccess.Thisessaywillconsider49 thesecondofthesequestions.Manypeoplevisittheirdoctororgotohospitalwithcompletetrustintheexpertcareofferedbyconventionalservices.However,somepeopledonotgetasatisfactoryresult.Forexample,thedrugswhichareprescribedmayhaveunpleasantsideeffects.Theirinitialpositiveattitudetowardstheirtreatmentdoesthemlittlegood.Similarly,thosepatientswhotrustfullychoosealternativetreatmentsovertraditionalmedicinemayfindthemselvesdisillusioned.Lessrigorousqualificationstandardsamongalternativepractitionersmaymeanthatsomehealersgiveineffectiveordamagingadvice.Theresult,again,isthatapatientwhoenteredtreatmentwithconfidenceleavesthattreatmentdisillusioned.Ontheotherhand,patientsmaytryastyleoftreatmentwithsomeskepticism.Apersonusedtoconventionalmedicinesanddrugsmaybesuspiciousoftreatmentsbasedondietandlifestylechanges.Yetiftheyfollowsuchprograms,theymayinfactnoticeimprovementsintheirconditions,inspiteoftheirskepticism.Equally,apatientopposedtoconventionalmedicinemayhaveanaccidentandbesavedbytheeffectivetreatmentofconventionalemergencyservices.Inconclusion,itappearsthatthementalattitudeofthepatientisnotthemostsignificantfactorindeterminingtheoutcomeofthetreatment.Patientswhoentertreatmentconfidentlymayleavedisillusionedwhilethosewhobegintreatmentskepticaloftheresultsmayfindthemselvessurprisedwithwhattheyhavegained.Patientsshouldseektheadvantages,whicheachstyleofcarecanoffer.49 8月31日SomegraduatesliketoimprovetheirEnglishbythemselveswithouttakingaclass,andothersliketodosoinanEnglishclass.Whichdoyouprefer?Givespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.SomegraduatesprefertoimprovetheirEnglishbythemselveswithouttakingaclass.OthersprefertodosoinanEnglishclass.Inmyopinion,learningforeignlanguageshouldnotbeconfinedtoaclassroomonly.GraduatescanimprovetheirEnglishbythemselvesoutsidetheclass.Myreasonsareasfollows.First,everygraduatehaslearnedEnglishforatleast5yearsbeforeheenteredacollege.Therefore,hehasthenecessaryknowledgeaboutEnglishgrammarandbasicvocabularywhichcanhelphimtoimprovehisEnglish.IhavesomegoodfriendswhowontheprizeinEnglishSpeechContestorEnglishCompositionContest.Theysaidthatinadditiontotheclasstheymainlylearnedthelanguagebythemselves.Second,agraduatewillhaveanopportunitytodevelophisowninterestinsomepeticularskillsofthelanguage.Forexample,ifheisinterestedinwriting,hecanspendmoretimeonthisskill,whichisunlikethesituationinaclassroomthathehastofollowtheclasswhetherhelikesitornot.Third,mostgraduatesarematureenoughandtheyknowwhattheyshoulddo.TheycanfindbooksandobtainthechancetopracticeEnglish.Ontheotherhand,thereisagoodenvironmentinacollege.ThereareplentyofEnglishbooks,films,andmanyEnglishactivitiessuchasEnglishcorner,lecturesandsoon.TheycaneasilybettertheirEnglishinsuchsurroundings.Fromthediscussionabove,IcandrawaconclusionthatgraduatescanimprovetheirEnglishquicklybythemselveswithouttakingaclass.ThereforeIlikethisidea.9月1日Somepeoplebelievethatmoneyspentonspaceresearchbenefitsallofhumanity.Otherstaketheoppositeviewandsaythatmoneyforthistypeofresearchiswasted.Discussthesetwopositions,usingexample.Tellwhichviewyouagreewithandexplainwhy.Foroverfiftyyears,anumberofnationshavebeeninvolvedintheexplorationofouterspace.Thisresearchhasbeenverycostly,ofcourse.Hasthismoneybeenwell-spentorwasted?Somepeoplebelievethatallormostspaceresearchshouldbeeliminatedbecauseofitsincredibleexpense,notonlyintermsofmoney,butalsointermsofscientificandhumanresources.ThesepeoplepointoutthefactthatitcostbillionsofdollarstosendastronautstotheMoon,butalltheybroughtbackweresomeworthlessrocks.ThesepeoplesaythatthemoneyandeffortnowbeingwastedinouterpeacecouldbespentonmoreimportantprojectsrighthereonEarth,suchasprovidinghousingforhomelesspeople,improvingtheeducationsystem,savingtheenvironment,andfindingcuresfordiseases.However,otherpeoplebelievethatspaceresearchhasprovidedmanybenefitstohumanity.Theypointoutthathundredsofusefulproducts,frompersonalcomputerstoheartpacemakersandtofreeze-driedfoods,arethedirectorindirectresultsofspaceresearch.Theysaythatweatherandcommunicationsatellites,whicharealsoproductsofspaceprograms,havebenefitedpeopleallovertheglobe.Inadditiontothesepracticalbenefits,supportersofthespaceprogrampointtothescientificknowledgethathasbeenacquiredthesun,theMoon,theplanets,andevenourownEarthasaresultofspaceresearch.Iagreewiththosepeoplewhosupportspaceresearchandwantittocontinue.Spaceresearch,asshown,has49 alreadybroughtmanybenefitstohumanity.Perhapsitwillbringevenmorebenefitsinthefuture,onesthatwecan’tevenimaginenow.Moreover,justasindividualpeopleneedchallengestomaketheirlivesmoreinteresting,Ibelievethehumanraceitselfneedsachallenge,andIthinkthatthepeacefulexplorationofouterspaceprovidesjustsuchachallenge.9月2日Someyoungpeopleliketocarryoutaresearchprojectontheirown,whileothersliketodoitinagroup.Whichwaydoyouprefer?Explainwhy.Someyoungpeopleliketoconductaresearchprojectontheirown,andothersliketodosoinagroup.Inmyopinion,thefirstwayismoreeffective.First,doingresearchonhisown,onecanknowthewholeprocessandcontrolitbyhimself.Hewillhaveachancetoputhisownideasintopracticewithoutbeingaffectedbyothers.What’smore,whenhehascompletedhisresearch,hewillbetheonlypersonwhocanwinthehonor,andtherewillbenobodytoarguewithhim.Second,ifoneworksontheprojectbyhimself,hewillbemoreresponsible.That’sbecausenobodywilltakeresponsibilityifhefails.Third,hisabilityofindependencewillbetrainedthroughtheself-directingwork.Hecannotdependonothers,andhehastosolveanysortofproblemsalone.Thiswillhelptoenhancetheabilitywhichyoungpeoplereallyneedinthefuture.Last,onemaylearnmuchmorethanhecanwhenheworksinagroup.Inagroup,theworkissharedandperhapseachpersonknowsonlyapart.Inanindividualsituation,hehastoknowthewholeproject.Thereforehecanlearnmore.Inaword,ifIwereaskedtochoose,Ipreferdoingaresearchprojectindependently.9月3日Somepeopleplaceahighvalueonloyaltytotheemployer.Toothers,itisperfectlyacceptabletochangejobseveryfewyearstobuildacareer.Discussthesetwopositions.Thenindicatewhichpositionyouagreewithandwhy.,Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Differentculturesplacevaryingvaluesonloyaltytotheemployer.Insomecountries,mostnotablyinAsia,thereisahighdegreeofloyaltytoonecompany.However,inmostEuropeancountriesandtheUnitedStates,loyaltytoone’semployerisnothighlyvalued;insteaditisconsideredmorerationalandreasonableforanemployeetochangejobswheneveritiswarrantedtoachievetheoptimaloverallcareer.Bothofthesepositionshaveadvantagesanddisadvantages.Inculturesthatvalueloyaltytotheemployer,akindoffamilyrelationshipseemstodevelopbetweenemployerandemployee.Itisareciprocalarrangementwhichtheemployerisconcernedwithassistingtheemployeetodeveloptohis/herfullpotentialandtheemployeeisconcernedaboutoptimizingthewelfareofthecompany.Thenegativeaspecttoabsoluteloyaltytoonecompanyisthatanemployeemaystayinonejobthathe/shehasoutgrownandmaymissoutonopportunitiestodevelopinnewdirections.Fromtheemployer’spointofview,thecompanymaybeburdenedwithemployeeswhoseskillsnolongermatchtheneedsofthecompany.Inculturesinwhichitisquiteacceptabletochangejobseveryfewyears,employeescanbuildthecareertheychooseforthemselves.Theycanstaywithonecompanyaslongasitismutuallybeneficialtocompanyand49 employee.Aslongasgoodrelationshipexistsandtheemployee’scareerisadvancingatanacceptablepace,theemployeecanremainwithacompany.Butatanytimetheemployeeisfreetomovetoanothercompany,perhapstoachieveahigherposition,tomoveintoanewarea,ortofindaworksituationthatismoresuitabletohis/herpersonality.Thedisadvantageofthissituationisthatemployeestendtomovearoundalot.Althoughbothofthesesystemshaveadvantagesanddisadvantages,itismuchbetterforemployeestohaveopportunitytomovefromjobtojobifitisnecessarytohaveabettercareer.9月4日MoreandmoreofChina’spopulationarelivingintownorcities.Whetherurbanizationisagoodthingornothascausedmuchargument.Commentonitwithyourownideas.Withtheboomingeconomy,moreandmoreChina’spopulationarenowlivingintownsandcities.Inmyopinionthisrapidurbanizationisagoodthing,foritisthenaturaloutcomeofeconomicandsocialprogress.Aswecansee,manyyoungpeoplehavemovedfromcountrysideintotownsandcitiesjusttofindjobs.Thismovementhashelpedtoprovidetheurgentlyneededlaborforcetosustaintheexpansionofindustriesinurbanareas.Theyworkinfactories,oronconstructionsites.Theyhelptobuildroads,bridges,houses,etc.Someofthemworkinthethirdindustry,makingclothes,decoratinghouses,repairingshoes,openingrestaurantsandsoon.Tosomeextent,theyhavemadeourlifemoreconvenientandcomfortable.Onetheotherhand,thesurpluslaborpowerfromthecountrysidehasfounditsgreatuseincities.Anyhow,withouttheireffortsourcitiescouldnothavedevelopedsorapidly.Theurbanizationprocesshassomenegativeeffectssuchascrowdedcitiesandcongestedtraffic.ButIbelievethatthesituationwillturnforthebetterifacitygovernmenttakesproperactionandintensifiestheadministration.Inaword,theurbanizationisapositivephenomenoninChina.9月5日1)Automobiles,astheproductofmoderncivilization,havebeenplayingavitalpartinthedailyactivitiesofhumansociety.2)Butautomobileshavealsogivenrisetoaseriesofproblems.3)Obviously,automobiles,likeanythingelse,havemorethanoneface.Automobiles,astheproductofmoderncivilization,havebeenplayingavitalpartinthedailyactivitiesofhumansociety.Forexample,industryneedsthemfortransportingproducts.Agriculturedependsonthemforfarmsupplies.Besides,automobilesareusedeverydaytocarrypeopletoandfromwork.Atweekends,automobilestakefamiliesonjoyfuloutings.Inshort,thewholesocietyisonwheels.Butautomobileshavealsogivenrisetoaseriesofproblems.Forexample,thestreetsarecrowdedwithautomobiles.Theynotonlycausetrafficaccidentswhichinjureorkillalargenumberofpeopleeachyear,butalsomakegreatnoisesandgiveoffalotofpoisonousgases.Obviously,automobiles,likeanythingelse,havemorethanoneface.Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedthatwhiletheyareanecessitytomankind,automobilesalsobringusmanyproblems.Wehopethatsatisfactorysolutionstotheseproblemswillbefoundsoon.9月6日Title:ImportanceofConfidenceandSelf-confidenceforYoungScientistsasfarasTheirCareersare49 ConcernedOutline:1.Confidenceandself-confidenceareimportantandnecessaryforyoungscientists.2.Ifpossible,presentexamplestosupportyourview.3.Reasonsforthelackofconfidenceandself-confidence.4.Yoursuggestionsforbuildingupconfidenceandself-confidence.Confidenceandself-confidenceareveryimportantandtrulynecessaryforyoungscientists.Withoutthemitwouldbeimpossibleforthescientiststoaccomplishtheirresearchprojects.Asweknow,sometimesresearchisverydifficultandneedsone’sconfidencetocarryiton.LetustakeAlbertEinsteinforexample.Hepublishedhisrelativitytheorywhenhewasinhisthirties.Atthattime,fewscientistsacceptedthisyoungman’sidea.Einsteinhadtheconfidenceforhistheoryandself-confidenceforhisdiscovery.Astimewentby,hisideaonrelativitygraduallybecamepopular,andhasfinallybeenadoptedintheworld.Confidenceandself-confidencearecloselyassociatedwithone’seducationbackgroundandworkingenvironment.Youngscientistssometimeslackconfidencesimplybecausetheyareyoungandnotexperienced.Theyhaven’testablishedtheirstatusintheirfield,andtheyarenotsureiftheycansucceedornot.Togainconfidenceandself-confidence,oneneedstohavestrongmotivationandhastoworkveryhard.Ifyoucouldmanagetobesuccessfulinevenasimpletaskgiventoyou,youwillbuildupyourconfidencestepbystep.Certainlyyou’llmeetwithsomefailure,notgiveupandkeeponworking.Onedayyouwillsucceedandwillhavemoreconfidenceforanykindofwork.9月7日Writealettertothechairmanofyourlocalcouncilcomplainingaboutthenoisemadebysomepeoplewhosinganddanceeverynightfromsixtoeleveninasmallgardennearwhereyoulive.DearSir/Madam,Iwishtocomplainaboutthenoisemadebysomepeoplewhosinganddanceatoursmallgardeneverynight.Iunderstandthatmanypeople,afterdinner,liketoenjoythemselvesbysinginganddancing,andIknowsinginganddancingaregoodtotheirhealth.However,residentsintheareaalsoneedsomeprotectionoftheirrights.Inthefirstplace,itseemsridiculoustosinganddanceeverynightfromsixtoeleven.Secondly,themusictheyplayisextremelyloud.IliveatleastonekilometerfromthegardenandIcannothearmyradioortelevisionwhenitison.Finally,althoughIknowitmustbedifficult,isitpossibleforsomethingtobedoneaboutthenoiseandunrulycrowdswhowanderthestreetsafterwards?ImyselfenjoysinginganddancingtoIamnotsuggestingthatthegardenbeclosedtothem.ButIdoaskthattheorganizersrealizethatsinginganddancingarenottheonlythingsgoingoninthedistrict,andrestrictthedisturbanceitpresentlycauses.Ifthisletterdoesnotgetanyresponse,IintendtotakeupthematterwiththeNoisePollutionControlBoard.YoursFaithfully,LiMing9月8日49 1)在市场经济中，“适者生存”是非常重要的。2)“适者生存”同样适用于现在社会中的每一个人。3)我应该如何去适应社会的需要？Attheeconomymarket,itisveryimportanttounderstandthe“SurvivaloftheFittest”,whichtellsusthatonecannotkeepitspositionunlesshehastomeetthechangeableneedstothesocietyorthemarket.Forexample,ifafactorywhichproducesradiosfailedtoknowwhatthecustomersneed,itwouldnotbeabletosurviveatthetoday’smarket.Onthecontrary,ifthefactorycanconstantlychangeitsproductstosatisfycustomers’needs,itwilldevelopfast.Therefore,itisobviousthatattheeconomymarket,everyenterpriseshouldfollowtheprinciple,“SurvivaloftheFittest.”Inourdailylife,itisalsoapplicabletoeveryone.Weneedtoadaptourselvestothechangingenvironment.Otherwisewecouldnotkeepupwiththepaceofthedevelopment.Forinstance,ifyoudidn’twanttoaccepttheE-mailforcommunication,youwillfallbehindothersinreceivingtheinformation.Asaresult,youmightbeousted.Tomeettheneedsofthesocialdevelopment,Ineedtostudycontinuously.AlsoIhavetoadjustmyselffromtimetotime.Learningwillhelpmetocatchupwiththenewtidesinthesociety,andadjustmentwillhelpmetomakenecessarycorrectionsinmypersonalitiesandbehaviors.9月9日1)有些人认为随着计算机技术的发展，电子书籍将取代现在的纸制书本。2)有些人认为书本的地位是不可替代的。3)我的看法。Thesedays,somepeoplethinkthatwiththefastdevelopmentofelectronics,ordinarybookswillbereplacedbyelectronicbooks.Theirbeliefisbasedontheappearanceofelectronicdictionaries,CDs,disksandsoon.Itistruethattheseelectronicproductsareverycommonandnotveryexpensive.Otherpeoplethinkthatordinarybookswillnotbereplacedbyelectronicbooks.Theyhavethefollowingreasons:First,itisconvenienttohavepaperbooks,anditisverycheapindeed.What’smore,peoplearesoaccustomedtothemthattheywouldbeinbigtroublewithoutthesebooks.Myopinionisthatelectronicbooksandordinarybooksshouldnotgoagainsteachother.Theyshouldbedevelopedsidebyside.Rightnowitisimpossibleforonekindofbookstoreplacetheothercompletely.Butifthepriceofelectronicbooksislowerandmoreconvenienttocarryaround,therewillbeapossibilitythatordinarybookswillgraduallyloseitspositioninourlife.PersonallyIlikepaperbooks,andIdohopethattheywillnotdisappearfromdesks.Butweshouldgetreadyforwhatmighthappeninthefuture.9月10日1.Somepeoplebelievethatitisverynecessarytoencouragecompetitioninamodemsociety.2.Otherpeoplethinkthatitisnotnecessary,especiallyinoursociety.3.Yourcommentsonthesetwoviews,andgiveexamplestosupportyouropinion.Asoursocietyisdevelopingataquickpace,competitionisquitecommon.Somepeoplebelievethatitisverynecessarytoencouragecompetitioninamodernsociety.Idoagreewiththisopinion.Competitionwillhelp49 promotethesociety,andhelpremovewhatisbackward.Forexample,ifafactoryhashowefficiency,anditsproductscan’tbesoldatthemarket,itwillbedefeatedbystrongerfactorieswithhighefficiency.Inthiswaythestrongerwillsurviveandthebackwardwilldropout,whichisbeneficialtooursociety.Otherpeoplethinkthatcompetitionisnotnecessary,especiallyinoursociety.Icanunderstandtheirworry,butIcan’tsupportthisview.Theyareworriedthatcompetitionwillbringaboutunemploymentandsocialdisorder.ButIbelievethatcompetitionwillhelpsomepeopletorealizetheyhavetoworkhardortheywillbeousted.Myviewisclearthatcompetitionisnecessaryinoursociety.Withthecompetition,ourmarketislively,andefficiencyhasbeenimproved.OneexampleistheTVproduction.AsthereisaseverecompetitioninTVmanufacturing,atthemarketthepriceofaTVsetcontinuestodrop.Asaresult,thequalityofTVisbetterandthepriceislower.Customershavebenefitedfromthiscompetition.Therefore,Ibelievethatcompetitionshouldbeencouraged.9月11日短文指导YouarepreparingforanEnglishtestandsomereferencebooksareneeded.Writealettertothesalesdepartmentofabookstoretoaskfor:1)detailedinformationaboutthebooksyouwant;2)methodsofpayment;3)timeandwayofdelivery.Youshould100worldsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)范文译文DearSir,Asacustomerofyourbookstore,IwritethislettertoaskforsomeinformationaboutsomereferencebooksonEnglishtests.IamplanningtotakepartintheNETEM,whichistobeheldinthespringof2005.Sinceitisadifficulttest,Iaminneedofacomprehensiveandwell-writtenreferencebook.BecauseIamfullyoccupiedwithmyworkandstudies,IcanonlyremitthepaymenttoyouwhenIhearfromyou.Iwishyoucouldthensendthebookbymailassoonasyouhavereceivedthepayment.Pleasereplyatyourearliestconvenience.Sincerelyyours,LiMing(112words)我是贵店的常客，写此信的目的是为了询问英语考试方面的某些书籍。我将参加2005年春季举行的全国研究生入学英语考试。参加这么一个困难的考试，我急需一本高质量的综合性指导书籍，请给我的询问回复。由于我现在的工作和学习很快，只能通过汇款的方式支付书款。收到钱后请尽快帮我办理。敬请盼复。思路启迪本单元的情景是考试大纲所示例的样文。应用文（包括信签、便签、备忘录等）写作是全国硕士研究生入学考试从2005年新增加的考试形式，旨在考察考生准确和恰当运用英语语言的能力，符合中国英语语言教学的发展趋势和时代要求。49 根据考试大纲的要赤诚，考生的作文必须很好地完成试题规定的任务。包括所有的要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误较少；有效地采用了多种衔接的手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；格式与语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生预期的效果。（指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等）。书信和信件是交往中常用的方式，也是考试中应该准备的学习内容。先将写信应该注意的问题作一个简单的说明。先将写书信应该注意的问题作一个简单的说明。一：信头（Heading）指发信人的单位名称、地址、发信日期。考试时候不要求写出。格式：从信纸的上部中央往右写，第一行写单位名称，第三行写门牌号码、街名，第三行写市名、省名、国名，第四行写发信日期。学生写信时第一行写班级名称，第二行写学校名称，第三行写市、省名，第五行写国家名称，第六行写发信日期。国内信件国名可以不写。二：信内地址(InsideAddress)指收信人的姓名、单位和地址。考试时候不要求写出。格式：信头下隔一二行，从左边开始写，第一行写姓名、头衔，第二行写单位名称，第三行写门牌号及路名，第四行写市名、省名及邮政号码，第五行写国名。商业往来信件及公函必须写信头和地址。亲友、熟人之间的信可不写信内地址，信头处写发信日期就行了。三：称呼(Salutation)格式：信内地址下隔一二行写称呼，其左要与信内地址第一行对齐。对不相识的男子，单数常用“Sir”,“DearSir”,或“MyDearSir”；复数常用“DearSirs”或“Gentlemen”。对女子，单数常用“Madam”，“DearMadam”或“MyDearMadam”；复数常用“Mesdames”或“MyDearMesdames”；对比较熟识的男子，普通称“DearMr.……”;女性通常称“DearMrs.(或Miss)……”。熟人和亲人常直呼其名，不用姓氏（以“Dear”为例）：1)“DearDavid”；2)“MydearDavid”；3)“MyDavid”4)“MydearestDavid”；5)“MyDearest”；6)“DarlingDavid”；7)“MyDarling”；8）“Myveryowndarling”等。有头衔的可把头衔写放在名字前，如“ProfWang”，“DrLin”等。四：正文（BodyofLetter）格式：称呼下面隔两行开始写正文。每段第一个字母要缩进3至5个字母的空格。正文是信的主要部分，内容要简单明了，一般不用同汉语信一样的“你好（howareyou?）”之类的词。五：结束语（ComplimentaryClose）结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二三行处，从中间写起，第一个词不达意的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。给不相识的人可用：“Yourstruly”或“Trulyyours”“Yoursfaithfully”或“Faithfullyyours”“YoursSincerely”或“Sincerelyyours”给上级或长者可用：“Yoursrespectfully”或“Respectfullyyours”49 “Yoursobediently”或“Obedientlyyours”“Yours”,“Yoursever”,“Everyours”,“Yoursasever”或“Yourssincerely”给亲属或挚友的信可用：“Yoursaffectionately”,“LovinglyYours”,“Yourlovingson(child,sister…)”,或”Yoursdevotedfriend”等。结束语末尾要用逗号。六：签名（Signature）即写信人署名。一般情况下，把本人姓名签在结束语之下。考试时候统一写为“LiMing”。9月12日短文指导Yesterdayyoufailedtoturnupfortheappointmentwithyourteacher,ProfessorWang.Writehimanoteto1)expressyourapology;2)makearequestforanotherappointment;3)andalsosuggestatimefortherequestedappointment.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)范文译文DearProf.Wang,IwritethisnotetoexpressmygreatapologytoyourasIfailedtoturnupfortheappointmentwithyouyesterdayafternoon.Tobefrank,IdidremembertomeetyouatyourofficewhenmyfathersuddenlyhadastomachacheandIhadtosendhimtoanearbyhospital.ThenIgaveyouaphonetocalloffthemeetingbutthelinewasbusy.Iintendtoarrangeanotherappointmentifittakesnofurthertroubleforyou.IamwonderingifitisconvenientforustomeetnextMondaymorning.Iamexpectinganearlyreplyfromyou.Sincerelyyours,LiMing(106words)星期四下午我失约了。我写这封信的目的是为了表达我的歉意。我没有忘记，但是当时我父亲突然腹痛，我只能送他去医院。给您打电话，您的电话又占线。如果您方便我想下周一早上再与您见面。敬请回复。思路启迪49 凡是细心比较一下中文和英文篇章结构的人，不难发现，英文中心主旨表达的开门见山。书信或便条的写作也应该注意这一点。篇章开头直接表明书信的目的、作者的态度和观点、篇章的主题。写好主题句不仅要表达作者的态度，还需根据内容和字数等要求，对题目的范围进行控制和确定。就主题句而言，一方面它应该具有概括性，这样才能达到主题句应该具有的功能；另一方面要有具体的、标明主题导向的关键词语，这样下面的发展句才能顺利的展开。本单元的主题句开门见山的表明了写作的目的是为了表达歉意，点出了“约会”这一主题。此外，主题句要显得自然，在篇章中起到背景引导的作用。建议读者认真研读和分析本书中各篇应用文首句的构思，并加以效仿。9月13日短文指导Youhavegotatickettoacomputerfair,butyounowfindthatyouareunabletogo.Writeanotetoyourfriend,George,1)introducingthefairbriefly;2)explainingwhyyouaresendingtheenclosedtickettohim;3)andtellinghimbrieflyhowtogetthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)范文译文DearGeorge,I’vegotaticketforacomputerfair,butnowIfindI’munabletogobecauseofsomeunexpectedbusinesses.I’velearnedtherearealotofupdatedanti-virusprogramsandnewly-developedmodelsonshow,andacyber-headlikeyouwouldnotmisstheopportunityforanything.Ican’tgobecauseI’mgoingtomeetwithanimportantclient,soIsendtheenclosedtickettoyou.ItisveryconvenientforyoutogettherethisFridayafternoon.YoumaygobytaxiortaketheNo12bus,andyoucan’tmissit.Pleaseletmeknowwhenyouhavereceivedtheticket.Hopeyouwillhaveanicetime.Sincerelyyours,LiMing(109words)我有一张计算机展销会的入场券，但是突然有事去不了。展销会上有许多升级计算机放毒软件和新开发的机型。任何电脑迷都不会错过这个机会的。我要去见一个重要的客户，现在把入场券给你随信寄来。你周五下午去那里很方便，打车或乘坐12路公共汽车就可以了。收到信后告之我。祝你愉快。思路启迪49 段落中的各个句子必须围绕一个主题（一个内容）展开；短文中的各个层次则围绕短文的主题，从不同侧面深入阐述。保证句子的统一性和连贯性是组词的基本要求。句子的统一性和连贯性是相辅相成的，最简单的解释是，意思完整，主次分明，前后连贯。从语义上看，句子各部分应该是紧密联系在一起，表达一个完整的意思；从语法角度来看，正确的句子应该是结构严谨，关系一致，语序正确；从修辞角度来年，好的句子应该是中心突出，逻辑性强，准确简练。如果一个句子表达的意思不完整，主次关系不明确，逻辑关系混乱，那么这个句子的统一性和连贯性就遭到了破坏，句子就有语病，读者也就无法了解作者的本意。所谓一致性就是说，一段文章必须讨论一个中心思想，服务于一个目的。根据一致性的原则，文章中所有的细节都要与主题句直接有关，要有利于说明中心思想。任何与主题无关，或者说服力不强的内容，都必须舍弃，否则会使读者迷惑不解，而有损于作者意图的表达。应用文写作同样必须注意文章的一致性的原则。在展开时必须牢牢把握好提示的要点，才能达到写作的要求。9月14日短文指导You’velearnedthatyourfriendJimmyisillthesedays.Writehimanote1)expressingyourconcern;2)askingafterhishealth;3)andgivingyourbestwishes.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)范文译文DearJimmy,I’msosorrytohearthatyouhavebeenillthesedays.BecauserecentlyI’muptomyearswithmypreparationforthefinalEnglishtest,Ihaven’theardanythingaboutyouuntilyesterday.IbecameveryworriedwhenIheardthatyouhadagaincaughtaterribleflu.SoIamwritingtoyouandwouldliketoknowhowyouarenow.Ithinkyoushouldtakeacompletephysicalcheckupandfindouttherealtroubleittheillnesspersists.Myhelpwillbeavailableasmyauntisadoctor.Pleaseletmeknowifyouneedanyhelp.Wishyougoodhealth.Sincerelyyours,LiMing(109words)当Bob49 告诉我你这久生病时，我相当的难过。因为最近一直忙于英语期末考试，昨天才听说你的情况。听说你又患感冒，我很担心，随即马上给你写信问你的情况。如果病情仍不好转，我建议你去做一个体检。我婶婶是医生，可能帮上忙。请告诉我。祝你健康。思路启迪就应用文的写作而言，根据考试大纲的要求，考生所写篇章在格式与语域方面必须恰当贴切。对目标读者完全会产生预期的效果。指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等。考生在平时准备或考试时应该注意的重要方面有：一：正式语体（书卷语）、一般语体（共核）、非正式语体（口语体）在词汇层次、短语层次、句型层次和篇章层次都有区别。本书将在第四章进行简要的归纳和总结，以帮考生养成使用语言时注意所使用语言的贴切性。二：正式语体词的使用范围较窄，而且一般只在书面语中出现，若出现在口语中，则有讽刺、调侃或幽默的语用效果。考研英语写作部分的PartB节考生需要按照正式或共核语体写作。英语语体意义高的词汇一般都比较长，我们随后将在第四章讨论这一点。三：中性语体成分的使用范围比较广：既可以出现在正式语体中，也可以出现在一般介绍或叙述性语篇中，还可能出现在口语中。就这一类词汇的特点，英语的中性语体和口语、俚语等词汇一般都比较短小，尤其是后者，因为短，使用起来才方便，长了拗口。四：考生在写作应用文时必须判断篇章的接受者与自己的亲密程度、接受者的身份高低、交际场合的正式程度、自己作为作者的身份等。综合考虑之后，再做出文体的判断。之后在选择恰当贴切的篇章组织、句型、词汇等。这样才能达到大纲的要求，取得较好的分数。9月15日邀请信邀请信包括宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼等各种邀请信件，形式上大体分为两种：一种为正规的格式（formalcorrespondence），亦称请柬；一种是非正式格式（informalcorrespondence），即一般的邀请信。邀请信是在形式上不如请柬那样正规，但也是很考究。书写时应注意：邀请信一定要将邀请的时间（年、月、日、钟点）、地点、场合写清楚，不能使接信人存在任何疑虑。例如：“I’dlikeyouandBobtocometoLuncheonnextFriday.”这句话中所指的是哪个星期五并不明确，所以应加上具体日期，“I’dlikeyouandBobtocometoluncheonnextFriday,May5th.”1.邀请朋友共进午餐InvitingafriendtoaninformalluncheonDear[ZhangYing],Willyoucometoaluncheonon[Friday,May5th],at[twelveo’clock]?Myniece[Mary]isvisitingusandIthinkyouwillenjoymeetingher.Sheisacharming,veryprettygirl…49 andverygoodcompany![JohnandJane]willbeheretoo,andperhapswecan[giveadance]afterluncheon.Dosayyou’llcome!Affectionatelyyours,LiMing亲爱的[张营]：您能在[5月5日星期五中午12点钟]来吃午饭吗？我侄女[玛丽]正在我们家作客，我想您会乐于见到她的。她是个漂亮而聪明的女孩子，……同她在一起是很使人高兴的！[约翰和简]也到这里来，也许在饭后我们能[开个舞会]，说好，一定得来呀！9月16日2.邀请朋友同他们不认识的人一起共进晚餐InvitingfriendstoasupperwithstrangersDear[Susan],Iknowyouareinterestedin[oilpainting],soI’msureyou’llbeinterestedin[Mr.AndMrs.LinDun]!Theyarecomingheretohavesupper[nextSundaynight,Octoberthetwelfth],andwe’dlikeyouand[Walter]tocome,too.[Mr.AndMrs.LinDun]areaverycharmingcouplewemetin[London]lastsummer.Theyhaveawonderfulcollectionof[oilpaintingsofvariousstages];andIunderstandthatMr.LinDunisquiteanauthorityon[oil]painting].I’msureyouandWalterwillthoroughlyenjoytheeveningandtheircompany.We’replanningasupperfor6:00pm;thatwillgiveusanicelongeveningtotalk.IfIdon’thearfromyoubeforethen,I’llbeexpectingyouonthe[twelfth]!Affectionatelyyours,LiMing亲爱的[苏珊]：我知道您对[油画]是有兴趣的，所以我相信您对林顿夫妇也会感兴趣。他们将在[10月12日（下星期日）]来吃饭，我们很希望您和瓦尔特也能同来。[林顿夫妇]是那么好的一对夫妻。我们是去年夏天在[伦敦]认识的。他们集有[各个不同时期精美的油画作品]。我知道，林顿先生在研究[油画]方面是颇有权威的。我深信，那天晚上您和瓦尔特同他们在一起，一定会很愉快。我们准备在6点钟吃晚饭，这样就能有较长的时间闲谈。如果事前接不到您的回信，我就指望你们那天到来。49 9月17日3.邀请参加新厂开工典礼InvitationtoanopeningceremonyofanewfactorDear[Mr.Harrison],Ournewfactorywillbecommencingproductionon[April10]andweshouldliketoinvite[youandyourwife]tobepresentatacelebrationtomarktheoccasion.Asyouwillappreciatethisanimportantmilestoneforthisorganization,andistheresultofcontinueddemandforourproducts,bothathomeandoverseas.Weareinvitingallthoseindividualsandtrustthatyouwillpayusthecomplimentsofaccepting.Pleaseconfirmthatyouwillbeabletoattendbyadvisingusofyourtime—wecanarrangeforyoutobemet.Allarrangementsforyourstaywill,ofcourse,bemadebyusatourexpense.[overnightonApril10]Yoursfaithfully,亲爱的[哈里森先生]：本公司新厂将于[4月10日]开始投产，希望能邀请[贤伉丽]来参加新厂开工典礼。如您所知，新厂的设立是本公司的一个里程碑，而这正是海内外对本公司产品不断需求的结果。我们邀请了所有对本公司的成功贡献一切力量的个人，我们相信，您一定会赏光。如您确能参加，请来函告知您抵达的时间——以便我们为您安排会晤。当然，所有安排您在[10日晚间]夜宿的费用，皆将由公司代您支付。9月18日4.邀请来家中小住及周末聚会AninvitationforahouseandweekendpartyDear[Jane],Ihope[youandFred]haven’tanyplanfortheweekendof[Julytwenty-fourth]aswe’dlikeyoutospenditwithusat[FarAcres].It’ssimplybeautifulherenow,witheverythinginbloom!Ithinkwecanpromise[Fred]somegoodfishingthisyear.Thefisharebitingbetterthanever!Sobringyourfishingclothes;andbesuretobringyourtennisthings,too,because[theOwens]arecomingandI’msureyou’llwanttogetoutonthecourtswiththem.There’saverygoodtrain[Fridaynight];I’vemarkeditinredonthetimetable.Itgetsyouhereabout[seven-thirty]whichisjustintimefordinner.Youcangetalatetrainback[Sundaynight],orthere’sanearlyexpressthat[Bob]usuallytakeson[Mondaymorning]Wehopenothingwillpreventyoufromcoming,aswe’relookingforwardtoyourvisit…andIknow[theOwens]arelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain,too.Besuretoletusknowwhattrainyouaretakingsothat[Bob]49 canmeetyouatthestation.Affectionatelyyours,亲爱的[简]：如果您[7月24日]没有什么活动安排，我希望[您和弗雷德]能同我们一起在[远庄园]共度周末，那里已经鲜花遍地，现正在最美丽的时节。我想，今年我们能让[弗雷德]钓鱼钓得更快活。鱼儿比过去任何时候都爱上钓鱼。请把钓鱼的服装带来，也别忘记带上打网球的用具，因为我们还邀约了[欧文]夫妇，我想，你们是乐意同他们打网球的。[星期五晚上]有一班舒适的火车，我已经在火车时刻表上做了红色记号，火车大约在[7点半钟]把你们送到这里，正是吃晚饭时间。[星期日晚上]你们可以乘晚车回来。或者，在[星期一早晨]也有一班快车，就是[鲍勃]常坐的那一班车。我们希望没有什么事情会阻碍你们，我们在等待着你们光临……我知道[欧文夫妇]好盼再次见到你们。准备乘哪一班火车，请一定告诉我们，好让[鲍勃]到车站迎接你们。9月19日5.邀请参加招待会AninvitationforareceptionDear[Mr.Smith],Itwouldgive[me/us]greatpleasuretohaveyourpresenceatareceptioninhonoroftheChinesedelegation.Thereceptionwillbeheldinthe[theCityHall],on[Tuesday,Octoberthefourth].Cocktailswillbeservedpromptlyat[six]tobefollowedbydinnerat[eight].[i/We]sincerelyhopeyoucanattend.Let[me/us]know.Sincerelyyours,亲爱的[史密斯先生]：如您能够出席为[中国代表团]而举行的招待会，[我（们）]将感到十分荣幸。招待会定于[10月4日（星期二）]在[市政厅]举行。[6点钟]准时举行[鸡尾酒会]，随之在[8点钟]举行[正式的晚宴]。[我（们）]期等着您的光临。请提前通知您能否出席。9月20日6.邀请演讲Invitingsomeonetoaddressameeting49 Dear[Dr.Rodger],[TheEnglishDepartmentofNankaiUniversity]wouldliketoextendtoyouaninvitationtobeourguestspeakeratthe[annualconference]tobeheldatthe[meetingroom]at[eight]o’clock,[Saturdaymorning,Decemberthethirtieth,1993].Asyouknow,thedepartmentisinterestedin[the20thcenturyEnglishliterature]Sinceyouarefamiliarwiththefield,weknowyourviewswillbeextremelyinterestingtous.Youwillreceivefurtherdetailslater,butwewouldappreciatehavingyouracceptancesoonsowemaycompleteouragenda.Cordiallyyours,亲爱的[罗杰博士]：[南开大学外文系]特邀请您出席[1993年12月30日（星期六）早八点在（系会议室）]召开的[学术年会]并作演讲。正如您所了解的，[南大外文系]对[20世纪的英国文学颇感兴趣]。您对此领域很熟悉，您的见解定会给我们带来很大的兴趣。我们将随后把有关细节通知您，但恳请您尽快予以答复，以便作出安排。9月21日邀请信的回复邀请信的复信要求简明扼要，在书写时应注意以下几点：1．接受邀请的复信中应重复写上邀请信中的某些内容，如邀请年、月、日，星期几、几点钟等，如“I’llbedelightedtoattendyourluncheonnextFriday,Maythefifth,attwelveo’clock”.2．邀请信的复信中应明确表明接受邀请还是不接受邀请，不能含乎其词，如不能写“I’llcomeifI’mintown”。这类的话，以使得对方无法作出安排。在接受邀请的复信中，应对受到邀请表示高兴。谢却的复信中应阐明不能应邀的原由。1）接受与不相识的人共进午餐AcceptinganinvitationtoluncheonwithstrangersDearc[WangHua],I’llbedelightedtocometoyourluncheonon[Tuesday,Aprilthesixth],at[on]o’clock.[Bob]hasoftenspokentomeabout[WangHui],andhadtoldmehowverymuchheenjoyshavinghimasa[roommate/teammate].AlthoughIhavenevermet[WangHui],Iknowhimfromhearingsomuchabouthim.Iamsureitwillbeagreatpleasuretomeet[WangHui’smother]too!Thankyousomuchforaskingme.49 Trulyyours,亲爱的[王华]：我将愉快地参加您于[4月6日（星期二）下午1时]举行的午宴。[鲍勃]经常向我提起[王晖]，并经常谈到与他[同住一室/为队友]是多么的愉快。虽然我还没有见过他，但因为听到有关他的事情多，好像已经认识他了。我相信，同[王晖的妈妈]相会一定会使人非常愉快，非常感谢您的邀请。9月22日2）谢绝不相识的人邀请ApologizingforbeingunabletoacceptaninvitationDear[Mrs.Brown],Ihaveheardsomuchabout[Lambert]from[Jane]thatIalmostfeelasthoughIknewhim.Iwouldcertainlyenjoymeetinghismother!ButunfortunatelyIexpectguestsmyselfon[Friday,7thMay];andthereforecannotacceptyourinvitationforluncheononthatday.Itwasthoughtfulofyoutoinviteme,andIamextremelysorryIcannotcome,Idohopeyouwillaskmeagainsomeothertime!Sincerelyyours,亲爱的[布朗]：我已经从[简]那里知道了许多关于[兰伯特]的事，我好像已经认识他似的，能够见他母亲我当然觉得十分荣幸！但是很不凑巧：在[5月7日（星期五）]我自己要招待客人，因此就不能接受您的邀请。9月23日3）对迟复邀请表示歉意ApologizingforbeingunabletogiveanearlyreplyDear[Mr.Jackson],Pleaseacceptmyapologiesforthedelayinacknowledgingyourinvitationfor[lunch/diner/cocktails]on[Septemberthefourth,thisyear].Ihavebeenawayformtheofficeandonlyjustreturned.Luckily,Ihavenootherplansforthedateyouhavementioned,andshallbehappytoseeyouat[attheBlackSwanRestaurant].49 Cordially,亲爱的[杰克逊先生]：未能对您发来的出席今年[9月4日]举行的[午宴/晚宴/鸡尾酒会]的邀请给予及时答复深表歉意。我因近期一直在外，刚刚返回。幸运的是，我在那天没其他的安排，很愿意届时在[黑天鹅餐厅]与您会面。9月24日4）对不能参加而迟复邀请回信表示歉意ApologizingforbeingunabletoaccepttheinvitationandgiveanearlyreplyDear[Mr.Hovel],Pleaseacceptmyapologiesforthedelayinacknowledgingyourinvitationfor[lunch/dinner/cocktails]on[Septemberthefourth,thisyear].Ihavebeenawayfromtheofficeandonlyjustreturned.Unfortunately,Ihaveotherplansforthedateyouhavementioned,butshallbehappytomakeadateforsomeotherconvenienttime.Cordially,亲爱的[霍维尔先生]：未能对您发来的出席[今年9月4日]举行的[午宴/晚宴/鸡尾酒会]的邀请予以及时答复深表歉意。我因一直外出，刚刚返回。很遗憾，由于有其他事务安排，故不能赴约。我很愿意在以后方便的时候前去拜会。9月25日感谢信感谢信的篇幅可长可短，但应该写得认真而热切，写真实的感情。写信时应注意以下几点：1）在对馈赠礼物的感谢信中，要提到具体的礼物，不要写“Thanksforthebeautifulgift”。而应写成“Thanksforthebeautifulwatch”。同时将礼物是何等的适宜与精美等加以赞赏，以显示出送礼物人独具慧眼。这样会使送礼人感到高兴。2）在英美国家，礼物常附有一张写着送礼人姓名的卡片。1.感谢帮助Anoteofthanksforsomeone’shelp49 Dear[William]Thankyouverymuchforyourkindletterof[October15,2004],conecerning[myproject].Itwasgoodofyoutocometomyassistance,andIappreciateyourgenerosityverymuch.Youraidisinvaluableinhelpingmeaccomplishmyobjectives.IfIcanreciprocateatanytime,pleasebesuretocallonme.Thanksagainforyourassistance.Cordially,亲爱的[威廉]：感谢您[2004年10月15日]就[我研究项目]的来信。您的慷慨令我感到钦佩，而且您的帮助将为我达到我的目标，起到不可估量的作用。如果将来我能为您做些什么，请直言。再次感谢您的好意。9月26日2.感谢别人的祝贺Anoteofthanksforsomeone’scomplimentDear[MissAllen],Thankyouverymuchforyourkindletterof[April14,2004],concerning[ourservice].Itisconstantlygratifyingtoreceiveacomplimentaryletterlikeyours,whichindicatesthatoureffortstoserveyouareappreciated.Youmaybesurethatthedepartmentwillreceiveappropriaterecognitionforajobwelldone.Thankyouagainforyourcourtesy.Cordially,亲爱的[艾伦小姐]：感谢您的[2004年4月4日]就[我们服务]的来信。接到您的赞美来信，我们不胜感谢，这说明我们为您[提供的服务]达到了您的满意。可以相信，我们会对[下属]部门的优质服务给予适当的奖励。再次感谢您的好意。您的真诚的49 9月27日3.感谢别人的指教Anoteofthanksforsomeone’sguidanceDear[ProfessorJackson],Itisjust[twomonths]sinceIconsultedwithyouabout[choosingmyjob]andIwanttoassureyouthatIappreciateyourhelp.Youradvicehasbeeninvaluable,andIhavefollowedthecourseyourecommended,withgratifyingresults.[Itookthejob],andconsideritthewiseststepIcouldhavetaken.Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitude,alongwithmyverybestwishes.Cordially,亲爱的[杰克逊教授]：自从上次向您请教[工作选择问题]至今已[两个月]了，非常感谢您的指教。您提的建议十分宝贵，我按照您说的做了以后，收效甚佳。[我选择了那份工作]，并认为这是我所能作出的最明智能的选择。我愿在此向您表示感谢，并献上良好的祝愿。9月28日4.感谢别人的招待并送礼物Aletterofthanksforsomeone’shospitalityDear[Lora],PleaseacceptmythanksfortheverypleasanttimeIspentonTuesdayeveningatyuroffice.Iverymuchappreciatedyourhospitalityandalsothoroughlyenjoyedthethreeveryinterestingcolorfulfilmswhichwereshowntous.NowIwouldliketoexpressmythanksforyourwarmhospitalitywith[alittlegift]whichyouwillshortlyreceive.Cordially,亲爱的[洛拉]：星期二，我在你处度过一个愉快的夜晚，请接受我的谢意。我非常感谢你的款待，也非常欣赏你们为我们放映的三部丰富多彩的电影。现在我愿奉送[一件小小的礼物]以示敬意，您不久就会收到。49 9月29日祝贺信在西方，得知朋友订婚、结婚、生孩子、升职都要写信祝贺。祝贺信如同一般的简短书信，可长可短，格式上无特别的要求，但书定时应做到：真诚、自然、亲切动人。内容可尽情发挥。1.祝贺生日CongratulationsonabirthdayDear[Babs],Soyou’re[ayear]oldertoday—ordon’tyouwanttobereminded?Anyway,congratulationsandbestwishes.Ifyoufeellikeholdingacelebration,willyouletmetakeyoutodinnerandthemovies,asasortofbirthdaytreat?Younametheday.Andinthemealtime,manyhappyreturns!亲爱的[巴博斯]：今天您又大了[一岁]了，您不喜欢别人这样对你讲吗？但不管怎样，我得向您祝贺，表示美好的祝愿。如果您对庆贺有雅兴的话，我想请您吃饭，或看电影，作为祝贺您生日的款待。请定个日期，祝您幸福愉快！9月30日2.祝贺朋友大学毕业CongratulationsongraduationDear[Mr.Li],Ilearnedfrom[WangYing]thatyouweregraduatedwithdistinctionfrom[TsinghuaUniversity]yesterday.Icanwellimaginehowproudofyouyourparentsarenow,whohavebeenanxiouslyhopingtowitnessyourbrilliantsuccess.AsIunderstand,youwillcontinuestudiesin[theUnitedStates]soon.Iwishyougreatersuccessinyourstudiesandresearchwork.Withbestwishes,Yourssincerely,亲爱的[李先生]：从王英处得悉你以优异的成绩毕业于[清华大学]，我可以想像，你的父母现在是怎样地引以为荣。他们一直殷切地希望你获得辉煌的成就。我听说你不久要到[美国]去继续深造。预祝你在学习和研究工作上取得更大的成就。49 10月1日3.祝贺朋友在运动会上获胜CongratulationsonwinningagameDear[Jerry],Mothersentmetheclippingsaboutyoursuccessatthe[swimming]meet.Naturally,Iamnotsurprisedatall,butIthoughtI’djustsay“Congratulations”.Whereareyougoingtofindroomforanother[silver]cup?Someofourgirlsmaybegoinguptothe[Tri-State]meet.Ifthetapeunrollsstraight,andthereIshallexpecttoseeyouwinagain.Whenwe’reallhomefor[Thanksgiving]vacation,we’llhavetoholdarealcelebration.Yourone-timeswimmingrival,亲爱的[玛丽]：妈妈把你在[游泳]运动会上获胜的剪报寄给了我。当然，我一点也不感到吃惊；但是，我觉得还是应当向你祝贺。你在哪儿还能找到放置下一个银杯的空间呢？如果能获得顺利批准，我们当中的一些姑娘可能要去参加[三州]运动会。在那里，我希望能看到你再次获胜。你从前的游泳对手10月2日4.祝贺新年AletterextendingNewYeargreetingsDear[Mr.Barton],AstheNewYearisquicklyapproaching,Itakethisopportunitytosendmygreetingsandbestwishestoyoufor[2005].Ihopethatthecomingyearwillbringafurtherincreaseinexchangeofculturebetweenourtwocountriesandwelookforwardtocontinuedfriendlyrelationswithyou.Yoursfaithfully,亲爱的[巴顿先生]：值此[2005]年即将到来之际，我谨向你致以最良好的祝愿和问候。我希望，在新的一年里我们两国之间的文化交流有进一步的增加，并希望我们与你们之间的友好关系继续下去。49 10月3日欢迎辞欢迎信不仅是主方出于礼节对客方的一种友好表示。欢迎信不宜写得过长，但要求写得真切，表明客方对主方的重要性，以及主方的诚意。1.欢迎新客户WelcomingnewcustomersDear[MrForster],Itisgreatpleasuretowelcomeyourpatronageof[W.H.SMITH].Wehopetoaddyournametoourlistofsatisfied[customers].Wetrytoshowourappreciationforthebusinesswereceivebyprovidingyourmoney’sworthin[service].Itisoursincerewishtomakeyour[shopping]hereaspleasantaspossible.Wearereadyandeagertoserveyou.Cordially,亲爱的[福斯特先生]：您能光顾[W.H.SMITH联营商场]是我们的莫大荣幸。我们希望能将您的名字收入我的满意[顾客]名单。我们力求通过在[服务]上为您提到优质服务以显示出我们对经营的热忱。我们由衷地希望能使你在此[购物]达到尽美。我们恭候您，并竭诚为您服务。10月4日2.欢迎新同事WelcominganewcomerDear[Mr.J.R.Smith],Itisagreatpleasuretowelcomeyoutoourorganization.Theworkyouhavedonein[electronics]at[Toronto],indicatesthatwearefortunatetohaveyoujoiningusat[Electronics]as[anengineer].You’llbeworkingwithmanycongenialpeople,andI’msureyou’llfindthemcapableandcooperative.Let’sgettogetherforachatassoonasyouaresettled.Meanwhile,ifthereisanythingIcandoforyou,justletmeknow.49 亲爱的[J.R.史密斯先生]：您能参加我们的组织，我们感到非常高兴。您在[多伦多]所从事的[电子]方面的工作表明我们很幸运能有您这样的[工程师]加盟我们[电了公司]。您将与许多志趣相投的同行一道作。我相信，您会发现他们很能干，而且很合作。您安顿一下之后，让我们聚在一起叙谈一下，如果我们能为您做些什么，请告诉我们。10月5日聘请信聘请信主要用于聘请对方前来工作，讲学等，这种信需要写清聘请的目的及给予对方的待遇。有时也可写上一些对对方表示崇敬的词语。另外还需写清聘请的期限。1.聘请客座教授EmployingavisitingprofessorDear[Prof.Smith],[TheEnglishDepartmentofBeijingLanguagesInstitute]ispleasedtoappointyoutobe[avisitingprofessor],forthetermof[oneyearandahalf],startingon[February22,1993].TheDepartmentwillprovideofficespaceandlibraryfacilities.Youwillofcoursebewelcometoparticipatefullyinourteachingprograms,includingclasses,seminars,andinformaldiscussions.[Theinstitute]willpayfeesaccordingtothecontractoftheagreemantenclosedherewith.TheDepartmentjoinsmeinthehopethatyouwillbeabletotakeupthisappointment.Trulyyours,亲爱的[史密斯教授]：[北京外国语学院英语系]准备聘请您为[客座教授]，为期[一年半]，从[1993年2月22日]起，我系将提供办公室和图书馆一切方便，欢迎您参加我们全部的教学项目，包括上课，研究班讨论会及非正式讨论。[我校]将按照所附合同条款支付酬金。我系全体成员都希望您能接受这一职位。此致敬礼10月6日2.聘请顾问EmployingaconsultantDear[Dr.Boffin],49 Itisagreatpleasuretohearfrom[Dr.May]thatyouarecomingtoChinaforashortvisit.Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoinviteyoutobeourconsultantinour[hospital].Withyourprofoundknowledgeandexperienceinthe[medicalfield],I’msurethatyouwillhelpour[hospital]tremendously.Letmethankyouinadvanceforyourassistance.Pleaseacceptmywarmwelcomeandsincereinvitation.I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Sincerelyyours,亲爱的[鲍菲博士]：据[梅博士]函告，您将来华做短期访问，故冒昧给您写信，想请您担任我[院]的[顾问]。由于您在[医疗]方面学识渊博，经验非富，对我[院]一定大有帮助，恭候佳音，并盼忽闻却是幸。10月7日询问与申请信为了要了解某事或请求对方办某事或申请参加学会、报名入学等，都可写信给有关方面询问。这类信要写明自己的意图以及要求对方办的事，也可向对方索取有关资料。申请信的篇幅不宜过长，除语气诚恳，言简意赅外，还应注意以下几点：1)说明申请理由。如见广告应征，熟人介绍、专业对口等。2)概括本人经历和特长，表明能胜任此项工作。3)希望对方积极考虑，尽早答复。4)如申请的目的是学习、攻读学位，应说明资助情况。5)要认真签名（中、英文均可）1.索取入学资料RequestingentranceinformationDearSirs,Couldyoupleasesendmesomeentranceinformationaboutthecourseof[EnglishLiterature]offeredatyouruniversity?Iamnowstudyingat[BeijingForeignLanguagesInstitute]majoringin[EnglishLiterature]andshallgraduate[thisyear].AChineseGovernmentscholarshipenablesmetocontinuemypostgraduatestudiesin[England],andyouruniversityhasbeenrecommendedtome.Yours,先生们：我现就读于[北京外国语学院]，主修[英国文学]将于[今年]毕业。我国政府给予奖学金使我能来[英国]深造。并推荐来贵院攻读研究生课程。为此向贵院索取有关入学资料，请惠存寄为感。10月8日2.申请入大学学习ApplyingforstudyinginauniversityDearSirs,Ishouldliketoenteryouruniversitytotakesuchcoursesas[AppliedLinguisticsandComparativeLiterature].Iwasbornin[1957].In[1979],Iwasenrolledin[theDepartmentofForeignLanguagesandLiterature]of[TianjinTeachers’University].Duringmy[four]academicyears,Imadegoodgradesonallcoursed.Aftermygraduationfromthisuniversityin[1983],Ifoundmyintereststendingmoreandmoretowards[LanguageTeaching].NowIhavepassedanexaminationconductedby[theMinistryofEducation]foraGovernmentscholarshipwhichwillenablemetopursuefurtherstudiesinyouruniversity.49 AtranscriptofrecordsofallthesubjectsIcompletedatthisuniversityand[two]lettersofrecommendationfrom[two]ofmyprofessorswillbesenttoyoudirectlybytheuniversity.Ihopealetterofadmissionwillbeissuedtomeinduecourse.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yoursincerely,亲爱的先生们：我希望能入贵校选读[应用语言学及比较文学]。我出生于[1957年]。[1979年]考入[天津师范大学][外国语言文学系]。在校[4年]期间，各门功课均为优良。[1983年]于该校大学毕业生，我对[语言教学]颇感兴趣。现已通过[教育部]举办的政府奖学金考试，将来贵校进修。我在大学期间修满的各门功课的成绩单副本及[两位]教授的推荐信将由学样直接寄去。希望能将入学证书及时寄我，并盼早日复信。10月9日3.申请攻读硕士学位ApplyingforM.S.DegreeDearSirs,Mynameis[LiMing].Igraduatedin[1990]from[Nankai]Universitymajoringin[mathematics]witha[B.S.degree].Aftermygraduation,I’vebeenteaching[mathematics]in[No.16MiddleSchool].Withaviewtogetsomeadvancedstudies,IamwritingtoyoutoapplyforadmissiontoyourUniversitytopursuemy[M.S.degree].IamalsoapplyingforascholarshiporateachingassistantshipwhichwillenablemetocometoyourUniversitysoner.Hopingtobefavoredwithanearlyreply.Yoursfaithfully,先生们：我叫[李明]，[1990年]毕业于[南开]大学[数学]系并获得[理学士学位]。毕业后一直在[十六中]教[数学]。为继续深造，我拟向你校申请攻读[硕士学位]。同时我也想申请奖学金或助教金使我能更早地来你校就读，盼及早复信。10月10日4.申请奖学金ApplyingforascholarshipDearProf.[Johnson],Mynameis[LiMing].Iamwritingtoyoutoapplyforascholarshipinyouruniversity.Bornin[Tianjinin1960],Igraduatedfrom[Tianjin]Universitymajoringin[ComputerScience]in[1989].Ihavebeenworkinginthe[ComputerScienceDepartment]ofthisuniversitysincemygraduation.Itistheheightofmyambitiontofurthermystudiesinthisfieldinyouruniversity.ButwithoutyourfinancialaidIcouldn’tmanagetocome.I’llbeverygratefulforyourkindhelp.Couldyoupleasefavormewithanearlyreply?Sincerelyyours,亲爱的[约翰逊]教授：我叫李明。我想来贵校进修并盼能给予奖学金。我于[1960年生于[天津]，于[1989年]毕业于[天津]大学[计算机科学系]。毕业后一直在[该系]工作。我极想来贵校进修我的专业。我只有在您的经济资助下才能如愿。如蒙关照感激不尽，盼速赐回音。49 10月11日5.申请做为访问者ApplyingforadmissionasavisitingscholarDearProf.[Jackson],IamaprofessorofEnglishintheEnglishDepartmentof[TianjinForeigLanguagesinstitute].Ihavetaught[linguistics]formorethan[15]yearsandhavethereforeattainedafairknowledgeinthisfield.Iamwritingtoyouaboutthepossibilityofvisitingscholar’sappointmentinyourdepartmentnext[spring].Ifgiventheopportunity,I’lldomybesttomeetyourrequirementsandsureIcanalsobebenefitinreturn.Ihopetohearfromyouatyourearliestconvenience.Sincerelyyours,[LiMing]Enc.:Myresume亲爱的[杰克逊]教授：我是[天津外国语学院]英语系教授。教授[语言学]已有[十五]个年头，因此略有心得。不知贵系下学期[春季班]能否聘任我为访问学者？如蒙不弃，我当尽力百为符雅望。我想此举彼此均有裨益。盼早日赐复为感。此致敬礼！附履历表一份10月12日6.申请进修ApplyingforfurtherstudyDearSir,Iam[ShiLei].Iamwritingtoyoutoapplyforafellowshipwithastipendinyour[university].Bornin[Beijing]in[1966].Igraduatedfrom[Tsinghua]Universitymajoringin[ComputerScience]in[1988].[Transcriptlistingcoursesandgradeswillbesentonrequest].Ihavebeenworkinginthe[ComputerScience]Departmentof[QingHua]Universitysincemygraduationandhavethereforeattainedknowledgeandexperienceinthisfield.Itisheightofmyambitiontofurthermystudiesinthisfieldinyouruniversity.Shouldmyqualificationreceiveyourfavorableconsideration,noexertionshouldbewantingonmyparttopleaseyou.Lookingforwardtoanearlyreply,Iam.Yoursrespectfully,亲爱的[先生]：我叫[石磊]，我想来贵校进修，并盼能给予助学金。我于[1966年]生于[北京]，于[1988年]毕业于[清华]大学[计算机]专业。[如需要各科成绩单当即寄上]。毕业后即在[本系]任职，因此对这方面具有一定的知识和经验。我极想到贵校进修我的专业，如果我的资历受到认可，我决不负雅望。盼早日赐复为盼。此致敬礼！49 10月13日7.申请半半读Applyingforwork-studyprogramDearSir,Ileft[TianjinMedicalCollege]asagraduatestudentin[medicine][5years]ago.NowIamattendingandworkinginthe[cardiology]Departmentof[TianjinGeneralHospital].Inordertopursuefurtherstudies,Iwishtoapplyforadmissiontoyour[MedicalCollege].ButasIamshortoffunds,Iwishtoapplyalsoforapart-timejob,sothatIcanworkandstudyinyourcountryunderyourguidancefor[oneortwo]years.WithoutyourfinancialaidIcouldn’tmanagetocome.Doyouthinkitpossibletogivemeajob?I’llbeverygratefulforyourkindhelp.Couldyoupleasefavormewithanearlyreply?Yoursfaithfully,Enc.:MyResume亲爱的先生：[5年]前，我在[天津医学院]修完研究生[内科学]的课程，现在[天津总医院][心脏科]工作。为继续深造，我想来你们[医学院]。但由于经济关系，我希望能找到零工使我能在贵国在您的指导下学习[一、两]年，我只有在您的帮助下才能前来，如蒙给予适当工作，我将非常感激。盼赐回信。此致敬礼！[李明]附履历表一份10月14日8.申衣去公司实习Applyingfora[traineeposition]inacorporationDearMr.[Black],Professor[Smith]suggestedthatIshouldwritetoyouinregardwithmyinterestsin[amanagementtraineeposition]inyourcorporation.Currently,I’mthe[generalengineer]of[ShenyangMachineToolsPlant]inchargeof[qualitycontrol].Ihavebeengrantedaleaveof[twoyears]tolearntheadvanced[managerialskills]and[developbusinesscontacts]in[Australia].Asatrainee,Idonotrequireasalary,butwouldappreciateifyoucanprovidemewithastipendenoughtosupportmyselfduringthe[twoyears].TheChinesegovernmentwillpayallmy[travelexpenses].Inthepastfewyears,Ihavereadmuchaboutyourcorporationanditsexcellentmanagement.Tojoinyouandworkwithyouwouldbeagreatopportunityforme.Enclosedpleasefindmyresumeand[three]lettersofrecommendation.Iffurtherinformationisneeded,pleaseinformme.I’mgratefulforyourconsideration.Yoursrespectfully,[LiMing]Ecn.:MyResumeTwoLettersofRecommendation亲爱的[布莱克]先生：鉴于我对贵公司的[管理工作]颇感兴趣，[史密斯]教授建议我给您写此信。目前我任[沈阳机械工具厂][总工程师]负责[质理控制]。我被准予[两年]公假前去[澳在利亚]学习先进的[管理技巧]和[发展贸易关系]。做为一名实习生，我不要求一份工资，但如能提供[2年]实习期内我的生活津贴，我将感激不尽。中国政府将担负我的[交通费用]。49 过去的几年中，我对贵公司和其杰出的管理有所耳闻。能和你们在一起工作对我来说真是一个难得的机会。随函奉上我的履历一份和[3封]推荐信。如需其它证件请通知我本人。如蒙考虑，不胜感激。此致敬礼[李明]附履历表一份及推荐信两封10月15日推荐信推荐信在西方国家是求职，求学的必备材料。写推荐信的人必须对被推荐者有一定的了解。最好有较深的资历。如被推荐者的原单位领导，本专业的专家等，名声越大越好。推荐信大体上可分为两种：专业推荐信（特意为被推荐人申请某一单位的某一职务而写的。写信人应了解聘方的要求、工作性质等有关情况以便有的方矢地推荐被推荐人）。通常推荐信（即一封信可以用于不同的聘人单位，通常以“ToWhomitMayConcern”）为称呼。推荐信要多写优点，充分肯定成绩，篇幅不宜过长，也不能三方两语。一般包括以下三个内容：1)说明推荐人与被推荐人的关系、熟识程度等。2)概述被推荐人的品质、能力、性格等。3)建议招聘人录用。推荐信上应提供推荐人的工作单位、地址、电话等以便对方联系，签名后必注意职称或学衔。除了请别人推荐，也可以自荐，其格式与上述要求相同。1.推荐研究人员（专用）RecommendationofresearcherDearSir,Itakepleasureinrecommendingtoyou[MrsChenPing],[instructorofphysicsinTianjinChineseMedicalCollege][[MrsChenPing]graduatedfrom[thephysicsDepartmentofBeijingTeachers’Universityin1982].From[1983]to[1985][she]hadbeenaresearchstudent[inPhysicsDepartment]oftheabove-mentionedUniversityundermysupervision,majoringin[molecularspectra]study.Since[1986she]hadbeenteachinganddoingresearchworkin[TianjinChineseMedicalCollege]in[thelineofinfraredspectraoflipids].Ihavefound[MrsChen]tobeahard-workingperson,whohasmadesomeoutstandingachievementsin[her]work.[MrsChen]nowintendstoengageinfurtherstudyof[infraredspectroscopy,andlaserspectroscopy]inparticular.Ifpossible,[she]wouldliketodoresearchworkunderthesupervisionof[ProfessorLiGang]whosedistinguishedattainmentsarewell-known.NotonlyImyselfbutalsomycolleaguesin[thePhysicsDepartmentofouruniversity]shalldeemitagreatifyouwillgive[MrsChenPing]assistanceandguidanceduringherstudyinyouruniversity.Yourstruly,我高兴地向您推荐[天津中医陆军物理学讲师陈平夫人]。49 [陈平夫人于1982年]毕业于[北京师范大学物理系]。[从1983年到1985年]在我指导下，在上述的大学进行[分子光谱研究]。自[1986年]以来，一直在中医学院任教并研究[脂肪的红外光谱]。我发现她是一位勤奋工作的人，在工作中做出过一些突出的成绩。现在她拟在[红外学光谱学]，特别是[激光光谱学]方面作进一步的研究。如果可能的话，她愿意在卓有成就的[李刚教授]的指导下从事研究工作。如果[陈平夫人]在贵校攻读期间，您能给予帮助和指导，那么不仅我本人，我们大学物理系的同事们也将不胜感激。10月16日2.自我推荐（专用）Self-recommendation[WorldPublishingHouse][55Wufustreet][HepingDistrict][Beijing,300000][China][July15,2005][WarnerBooks][P.O.Box690][NewYork,N.Y.10019][U.S.A.]DearSir,Iwishtoapplyforapositionwithyour[publishinghouse].I’m[35]yearsoldandamatpresentemployedby[WorldPublishingHouse],whereIhavebeenworkingfor[thepastfiveyears].FormerlyIwasemployedby[DongfangPress]whereIhadworkedfornearly[fiveyears].MyonlyreasonforleavingeitherthosepositionswouldbetobettermyselfandIfeelthereisnofurtheropportunityinmypresentposition.TheeditorialworkhadalwayshadagreatappealtomeasIhavesomeabilityinwritingandeditorialwork.Icansendyoureferencesfromboththesepresshousesastomycharacterandabilityasaneditor.Verytrulyyours,[LiMing][signature]（略）我希望能在贵社谋求一职位。我现年[35]岁。目前受雇于[天津出版社]，最近[5年里]本人一直在该社工作。在这之前，本人还在[东方出版社]工作近[5年]。我打算离开这两个职位的唯一理由就是谋求高升。我觉得目前的职位不利于本人的发展。由于我在写作和编辑工作方面有些能力，所以编辑工作一直对我有具大的吸引力。关于我的人品和能力，我可以请上述两个出版社单位写介绍信以供参考。[李明]（签字）[2005年7月15日]10月17日致辞在使用英语的国家中，致辞的使用范围较广，为了表示礼仪，主人在招待客人时，讲些热情友好的话，表示欢迎；客人相应地致答词表示感谢。单位之间、亲朋之间如遇较大事情也要互相怯场慰勉、庆祝，增进友谊。常用的致辞有欢迎辞、告别辞、祝酒辞等。49 1.欢迎辞WelcomingspeechLadiesandgentlemen,Followingtheincreasingrapidityofourcommunicationswithcountriesabroad,Chinaishavingalargenumberofvisitorsfromdifferentcountries.Today,wefeelverymuchhonoredtohave[Prof.Martin.Wilson]withus.[Prof.Martin.Wilson]iswellknowntotheworldforhisachievementsinthefieldof[mathematics]Firstofall,letme,onbehalfofallpresenthere,extendourwarmwelcomeandcordialgreetingstoourdistinguishedguest.Nowletusinvite[Prof.Wilson]togiveusalecture.女士们，先生们：随着我国对外交往日益增多，中国每天要接待大量来自不同国家的贵客。今天，我们感到很荣幸能和[马丁·威尔逊教授]欢聚一堂。[威尔逊教授]在[数学]领域卓有成就，在世界上享有一定的威望。首先，让我代表在座的各位向我们的贵宾表示热烈的欢迎和真挚的问候。现在请[威尔逊教授]做报告。10月18日2.致答辞AnsweringspeechLadiesandgentlemen,Thankyouforyournicewelcomeandreception.Ithasbeenalongcherishedhopeof[ours]tovisit[China]someday.[Weare]fortunatetoenjoythisrarechancetoday.[We]feelspeciallyhonoredtobegiventhisopportunitytomeetsuchanicegroupofdistinguishedpeoplelikeyou.[Weare]sure[our]stayherewillbeafruitfulandenjoyableone.[We]dohopetoseemoreofyouwhile[weare]here.女士们、先生们：多承接待、十分感激。[我们]一直想来[中国]访问，今天，[我们]很荣幸能如愿以偿。特别使[我们]感到光荣的是[我们]能有机会遇到各位知名人士，[我们]深信[我们]这次旅游访问一定是丰富多彩的。[我们]希望在[我们]访问期间能多多的向各位请教。10月19日3.欢送辞FarewellspeechLadiesandgentlemen,Howtimeflies!Itwasherethatwegave[Prof.WillianTomson]aheartywelcome[twoweeks]ago.Wearenowhereagaintobid[him]farewell.Asyouknow,[Prof.Tomson]iswellknowntotheworldfor[his]greatachievementsinthefieldof[mathematics].During[his]stayhere,[he]hasvisitedmanyuniversitiesandcollegesandgivenusmanylecturesonit.[He]hasalsomadeatourtomanypartsofourcountry.[He]willleaveforhome[tomorrowmorning].We,therefore,sincerely,hopethat[he]willbenefituswithsomeadviceandvaluablesuggestions.Finally,wewanttotakethisopportunitytoask[him]toconveyourprofoundfriendshipandbestregardsto[his]people.Nowlet’sinvite[Prof.Tomson]tospeaktous.女士们，先生们：光阴似箭，日月如梭。[两个星期]前我们在这里热烈欢迎[威廉汤姆逮教授]。现在我们又在这里热情欢送[他]。众所周知，[汤姆逊教授]由于在[数学]领域内的杰出贡献而闻名世界。在逗留期间，[他]参观访问了许多大专院校，并就[数学]作过多次讲座。同时[他]还游览了我国许多地区。[他][明早]将离开中国回国。因此，我们垦切希望[他]能给我们提出宝贵的意见。最后，我想借此机会请[汤姆逊教授]转达我们深厚的友谊，并表示对[他们]同胞良好的祝愿。49 现在请[汤姆逊教授]讲话。10月20日4.告别辞FarewellspeechDearfriends,Firstofall,allowmetothankyouforyourkindinvitationtoattend[theparty].Iamgreatly[honored]onceagaintohaveanopportunitytovisityourgreatcountryandmeetwithsomanyofherpeople.Thisvisithasbeenfullof[interesting]thingsandeverythinghereleftmeadeepimpression.Ihavevisitedfactories,schools,farmsandculturalinstitutions.Ihavetalkedwithandmadefriendswithmanyworkers,farmers,clerks,scientists,artists,teachersandstudents.Wediscussedworkandstudyandlifetogether,andIhaveIlearntalotduringmyshortstayhere.Ithasgivenmemuchbetter[understanding]ofyourcountryandpeople…….Iwishtotakethisopportunitytoexpressmyheartfelt[gratitude]toyouagain.Maythefriendshiptiesbetweenourtwopeoplesbefurtherdevelopedandconsolidated.[亲爱的朋友们]：首先，请允许我感谢你们盛情邀请我出席今天的[晚会]。我非常[荣幸]再次有机会访问你们伟大的国家，会见了许多人士。这次观光旅行所见所闻非常[有趣]，这里的一切都给人留下了深刻的印象。我参观了工厂、学校、农场和文化团体，与工人、农民、职员、科学家、艺术家、教师和学生进行地交谈。并与他们交了朋友。我们一起谈论了工作、学习和生活。在短暂的日子里，我们在这里学到了很多东西。这使我对贵国人民有了更好的[了解]……。我借此机会再一次地向大家表示衷心的[感谢]。祝我们两国人民之间的友好关系进一步发展和巩固。10月21日慰问信慰问信应写得真切，注意措辞，对轻病或者小损失，慰问信应写得轻松一些。相反，对严重病情或重大损失，信就应该写得深沉一些。慰问信写时应注意：1）给受伤人的信要简短，中肯。信中不必问询事故发生的过程、原因、见证人等。2）慰问信中应写一些被慰问者喜欢或熟悉的事物，如病人的爱好、兴趣等，以使病人得宽慰。1.向朋友问候Aletterofinquiringaftersomeone’shealthDear[John],Iamextremelysorrytohearthatyourillness,whichwehadthoughtwasclearingup,hasbecomemoreserious,andthatyouhavehadtogointohospital.Letushopethatitwillbeforonlyaveryshorttime,andthatyouwillsoonbeoutandaboutagain.Everybodyheresendstheirbestwishestoyouforaquickrecovery.Withkindregards,Yourssincerely,亲爱的[约翰]：听说你病了，我深感不安。原来我们还以为您的病情有所好转，事实上却反而加重，而不得不住进了医院。但愿这是短时间的，很快会恢复健康。这里每个人都祝愿您早日痊愈。特此问候10月22日2.问候朋友的母亲Inquiringafterthehealthofafriend’smother49 Dear[Mr.Wang],IfeltverysorryindeedwhenIheardof[yourmother]’sillness,andamanxioustoknowhow[she]isoflate.UnderaseparatecoverIamsending[heraboxofassortedbiscuits]withmybestregards.Sincerelyyours,亲爱的[王先生]：听说您的[母亲身体]欠安，深表忧虑。不知[令堂]近况如何，实为惦念。随信另寄上[什锦饼干一盒]，并致以最良好的问候。您忠诚的[吴洋]10月23日3.祝贺朋友病愈Congratulationsonsomeone’srecoveryDear[Jane],Ilearn,withverygreatpleasure,thattheillnesswhichhassocruellycausedgreatanxietyamongyourrelativesandallthosewhoknowyouhaschangedforthebetterandthatyouarenowrecoveringforwhichIthereforedesiretocongratulateyouwarmly.Ihopethatyouwillsoonbecompletelyrestoredtohealth.Yourssincerely,亲爱的[简]：在您患病的这一期间内，亲戚朋友无不为你挂虑，听到你的病已有好转，并已逐渐痊愈，十分快慰，特地向你祝贺。望你早日完全痊愈。10月24日4.慰问丧偶的朋友AletterofinquiringtothosewholosttheirhusbandorwifeDear[Mrs.Harper],Iwouldliketoexpressmysorrowattherecentdeathofyour[husband].Inthelongtimeitwasmyprivilegetoenjoy[ProfessorofHarper]’sfriendship.Ifound[him]asincereandhelpfulassociate,withwhomitwasapleasure[towork].Theknowledgethatmythoughtsarewithyouathistimewill,Ihope,beofsomecomforttoyou.Trulyyours,亲爱的[哈珀女士]：获悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息，深表遗憾。长期以来，能与[哈珀教授]保持友谊是我的荣幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最乐于与其一道[工作]的忠实有帮助的朋友。但愿我此时的问候，能给您带来一些安慰。10月25日道歉信因过失或疏忽做错了事，给别人带来了麻烦或损失，发觉后要立即写信给对方赔礼道歉，这是一种礼貌。这类信要写得坦率，诚恳。1.因未能践约赴宴致歉Unabletokeepone’spromise49 Dear[MissNancy],MuchtomyregretIwasunabletokeepmypromisetoattendyour[birth-day]party[lastSaturday],owingtothefactthatmy[littleson]wassuddenlytakenillearly[thatday].Hopingtoseeyousoon.Trulyyours,亲爱的[南希小姐]：[小儿][上周六]突然生病，因此未能应约赴[生日]宴，殊觉抱歉，希原谅，再见。祝好！10月26日1.因迟复来信致歉Becauseofansweringone’sletterlateDear[David],Iamafraidthatyouwillthinkmeunpardonablynegligentinnothavingansweredyourletterdated[7December]sooner,butwhenIhavetoldyouthereason,Itrustyouwillbeconvincedthattheneglectwasexcusable.Whenyourletterarrived,Iwasjustin[HongKong].Asmyfamilycouldnotforwardittomeduringmyabsence,ithasbeen,therefore,lyingonmydeskuntilthemomentwhenItookitup.NowthefirstthingIhavetohastentodoistowritetoyouthesefewlinestoexpressmydeepregret.Ienjoyedmanypleasantsightsduringmytrip.IshallbepleasedtogiveyouanaccountofthemwhenIseeyounext.Yours,亲爱的[戴维]：请原谅我收到您[12月7日]的来信后迟迟未复，现将原因告诉您，相信您一定会谅解。您的来信来时，我正巧在[香港]，家人无法及时转递。你的信一直放在我写字台上，直到我回到才看见，拖至今天才回信，深表歉意。这次出去旅行饱览了许多美丽景色，下次见到您时，将告诉您一切。祝好！10月27日3.因未能及时还书致歉UnabletoreturnborrowedbookontimeDear[Kate]Excusemeformylingdelayinreturningtoyouyour“RobinsonCrusoe”whichIreadthroughwithgreatinterest.Ihadfinishedreadingthebookandwasabouttoreturnitwhen[mycousin]cametoseeme.Neverhavingseenthebook,[She]wassointerestedinitthatIhadtoretainitlinger.However,Ihopethatinviewoftheadditionaldelightthusaffordedbyyourbook,youwilloverlookmynegligenceinnotreturningitsooner.Thankingyouagainfortheloan.Sincerelyyours,亲爱的[凯特]：我迟迟未能归还您的那本《鲁滨逊飘流记》，请原谅。该书我读得津津有味。读完后，正准备归还您时，我的[表妹]来访，见这本书也感兴趣，定要借去一读。为了让别人也能分享您那本书所给予的乐趣，我不能及时归还。我想再延迟些日子奉还，谅您不会介意的。再次感谢您的慷慨。祝好！49 10月28日4.因遗失借书致歉BecauseoflosingaborrowedbookDear[Frank],IamterriblysorrytotellyouthatIhavelostthevaluablebookyouweresokindtolendme[lastweek].Ireadit[everyday]andintendedtofinishit[nextmonth].[Lastnight]whenIcametomyroom,itwasnowheretobefound.Iwilltrytorecoveritassoonaspossible.IfIfailtofindit,Iwillgetanewbookforyou.ButIamafraiditcannevertaketheplaceoftheoldone.Oldbooksarelikeoldfriends.Oncelost,theycanneverbereplaced.Theyareconnectedwithcherishedassociationswhichthenewoncecanneverhave.Andforthisirrecoverableloss,Iamtoblame.Iwassocarelesswithmythings.Thisisawarningtomebemorecarefulinthefuture.Yourstruly,亲爱的[弗克兰]：很抱歉，[上星期]您借给我的那本书竟遗失了。我[每天]都在看，准备[下个月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的卧室，到处也找不到那本书。我将尽力找到它。万一找不到，我只好买一本新的还您。但是，新书恐怕不能代替那本旧书吧！旧书跟旧友一样，一旦失去就不能再得。旧书与往事相连，这种不可弥补的损失，皆由我起。我对待一切太大意了，这次给我一个警告，叫我以后要小心。祝好！10月29日介绍信社交、亲友这间的相互介绍常用介绍信联系。收信人从介绍信中可以了解到来者是什么人。要办什么事，有什么具体要求等。写这类书要注意慎重、谦恭。在信封左下角常写有Tointroduce……或introducing……，信封一般不封。1.介绍中学同学IntroducingamiddleschoolclassmateDear[Mr.Chang],Thebearer,[MsHuan],isaclassmateofmineatmiddleschool,whohasrecentlybeenassignedtoworkinyourcity.[She]iswelleducated,havinggoodhabitsandagreeablemanners.Anyassistanceyougive[her]concerning[her]lifewillbeesteemedasagreatfavorforme.Yourstruly,亲爱的[常先生]：持信人[黄女士]是我的一位中学同学，最近[她]被派往你市工作。[她]受过良好的教育，没有不良的习惯，举止端庄。您对[她]生活上的任何帮助，将使我感同身受。10月30日2.介绍本人Self-introductionDear[Sirs],Fromyouradvertisementin[yesterday’sUSAToday]Ifindthatyouarewantinga[Chineseteacher]inyourcollege.Ibegleavetotakethelibertyofofferingmyselffortheposition.Bornin[Beijing]in[1970],Iamagraduateof[PekingUniversity],andthereforehaveagoodknowledgebothinChineseandEnglish.Shouldmyapplicationberegardedfavorably,Ishallendeavortojustifytheconfidenceyoumayreposeinme.Faithfullyyours,49 亲爱的[先生们]：[昨天《今日美国报》]载你院需[汉语教员]。我申请任此职务。我[1970年]出生于[北京]，毕业于[北京大学]，汉语和英语均有所长。如蒙录用，自当竭诚服务，以答雅意。此致敬礼！10月31日3.去具体单位的介绍信LetterofintroductionwithaknownunitChinaTravelService[April15,1993]BureauofTravelandTourismAdministrationGentlemaninCharge,Thebearerofthisletteris[Mr.ZhangWen],Whoisentrustedwiththetaskofmakingnecessaryarrangementswithyouforattendingthereporton[Currentaffairs]atyourBureau.Pleasefavor[him]withaninterview.兹介绍[张文先生]前往你处联系有关我们去你局听[形势报告]的事宜，请予接洽为荷。此致旅行游览事业局中国旅行社11月1日4.去不明具体单位的介绍信Letterofintroductionwithoutaknowunit[Oct.9.2004]Towhomitmayconcern,ThisistointroduceMr[HuQinag]and[ZhaoWeiguo]whoaretomakeaninvestigationof[LiePing’s]familyconditiononourinstructions.Weshouldesteemitagreatfavorifyouwouldafford[them]thenecessaryinformation.Withhighrespect.兹介绍[胡强]和[赵卫国]二位先生前往你处了解有关[刘萍]的家庭情况，请予接洽为荷。此致敬礼！11月2日馈赠信写这类信用词要诚恳、热情。常见的形式有两种：一种比较正式，用第三人称；一种比较简单，写法与普通信件相同。1.赠字典PresentingadictionaryasagiftDear[MissClark],Allowmetopresentyouwithacopyof“[TheChinese-EnglishDictionary]”publishedby[CommercialPublishingHouse].Iknowyouarestudying[Chinese]now,andhopeyouwillfindituseful.Itisatriflegift.ButI49 hopeyouwillacceptitasasmalltokenofmygratitudeforyourcontinualkindness.Trulyyours,亲爱的[克拉克小姐]：请允许我奉上[商务出版社]出版的[《汉语词典》]一本。我知道您正在学习[汉语]，希望该书对您有些帮助。区区微物，聊表心意。此致敬礼！11月3日2.答谢赠词典ThanksforpresentingthedictionaryDear[Mr.Brown],Manythanksfor“[TheChinese-EnglishDictionary]”.Iamverymushpleasedwithit,foritissuchagoodreferencebooktome.Thankyouagainforyournicegift.Yoursever,亲爱的[布朗先生]：承蒙惠赠[《汉英词典》]，甚为感谢。它是一本极好的参考书，我非常喜欢。再次致谢。此致敬礼！11月4日饭店、旅馆、戏院、飞机等的预订预订、预约信件的种类较多，其中有旅馆房间、饭店席位，影剧院、飞机座位等的预先约订。这类信件要写得简明，要将内容定具体，如需要预订房间的等级、类型、数量以及预订的具体期限等。有的预订须注明付款方式。如果预订事宜有更改或是取消预订，应在规定期限之内通知对方，以免造成不必要的损失。1.预订饭店席位并询问价格ReservingseatsatarestaurantandinquiringaboutthepriceGentlemen,Wewishtoreserveatableat[dinner]at[westladerestaurant]on[Jan.2]at[5intheafternoon].Thiswillbeapartyof[eightpeople],andaprivatedinningroomwouldbepreferable.Wewillneedtheservicesofawinestewardandwewillchoseourmenuinadvance.Pleaseletushaveinformationastotheaccommodationsavailableandtheapproximatecost,includinggratuitiesandtax,byreturnmailifpossible.Yours,先生：我们希望于[一月二日下午五点]在[西湖饭店]包桌。就餐者共[八人]。我们希望包一间雅座，需要陪酒者一位，并提前定菜。请在可能情况下，通过回信将包间以及包括小帐和附加税在内的大体价格通知我们。11月5日49 2.预订席位的日期要求更改ChangingthearrangementGentlemen,On[Jan.10]Ireserved[two]tablesfor[12people]for[breakfast]at[9onthemorningofJan.11]forour[executives]inthe[innerroom].Therehadbeenachangeinplansandtheoccasionwillhavetobepostponeduntil[Jan.14]at[8:30].willyoubegoodenoughtomakethesamearrangementsforthatdateandsendusawrittenconfirmation?Thankyouverymuch.Cordially,先生：我于[1月10日]在贵饭店的[套间]为我们的[董事们]预订了[1月11日早九点12人]就[早餐]的[两张]包桌。由于计划有了改变，包桌事宜只得推迟到[1月14日早8点半]，你如能将预约在这个时间并写信确定一下，那就太好了。11月6日3.预订宴会MakingareservationforabanquetDearJenny,Thisorganizationhascompletedplanstoholdits[annualconvention]at[BlackSwanHotel]on[Jan.12].Iwishtoarrangeforabanqueton[theeveningofJan.12],withanattendanceofapproximately[60people].Willyouestimateformehowmuchitwillcosttoserveafirst-classdinnerinthe[ReceptionRoom]for[sixty]people?Yourpriceshouldincludetwococktailsperperson.I’dlikeyoutosendmeseveralmenureservationssothatImaymakeaselection.IhopeyoucangivethisyourimmediateattentionsothatIcannotifytheprospectiveguestspromptly.Sincerely,亲爱的珍尼：该组织已计划好于[1月12日]在[黑天鹅饭店]举行一次[年会]，届时希望在[12日晚]安排一下由[60人]参加的宴会。您可以估算一下在贵饭店[宴会厅]组织一次由[60人]参加一级宴会所需要的费用吗？您的价格应包括每人两份的鸡尾酒在内。我希望您能为我寄来几份推荐的菜谱，以供选择。我希望您对此予以迅速考虑；以便我能及时通知期待的客人。11月7日4.询问票价，预订戏票InquiringaboutthepriceandorderingticketsGentlemen,Doyouhave[fourbox]seatsavailableforthe[evening]of[April10]for[theplay]?[Two]ofourcustomerswillbein[London]atthattime,andwewouldliketoobtaingoodseatsforthem.Ifyoucanaccommodateus,pleaseletusknowthepriceoftheticketssowemaysendyouacheckwithoutdelay.Cordially,先生：您那有[四张四月十日晚上那场剧包厢]的戏票吗？我们有[两位顾主]将于那天来[伦敦]，所以我们希望为他们订几张好的座位。如果您那里可容纳我们，请告诉我们戏票的价格，以便我们及时送一张支票给您。49 11月8日5.退回原订戏票并要求退款ClamingrefundofticketsGentlemen,On[May4]Ipurchased[two][orchestra]ticketsforthe[eveningofMay10]for[theconcert].Therehasbeenachangeinplansandwewillbeunabletousetheenclosedtickets.Wewouldappreciateyourrefundingtheirprice,makingcheckpayableto[JohnHarper].Thankyouverymuch.Sincerely,先生：我于[五月四日]预购了[两张五月十日晚音乐会]的[前排票]。由于计划有了改变，故不能使用封入信袋的这两张票，如您能退票并将支票款额记在[约翰·哈珀]的名下，我们将不胜感谢。非常感谢。11月9日6.要求更改机票日期AskingtochangeareservationGentlemen,On[March8],Ireserved[twofirstclass]seatsonyourflight[208]from[Tokyo]to[HongKong],Leavingat[8]on[Tuesday,March9]withreturnto[Tokyo]scheduledfor[March14].Iwillnotbeabletomakethetripto[HongKong]atthattime,butinsteadwillgothereon[March16],andreturnon[March19].Pleasesendmeconfirmationofthischangeinflightschedule.Cordially,先生：我于[3月6日]预订了[两张][208次]班机[一等舱]的往返机票，此班机[3月9日星期二早八点]从[东京]飞往[香港]，预订[3月14日]返回[东京]。但由于我届时不能前去[香港]，而改在[3月16日]前往，[3月19日]返回，所以务请您写信通知我您对航班的更改事宜做了安排。11月10日请假条请假条包括病假条、事假条、续假条等。写请假条主要把请假原因和请假时间写清楚，请假条的理由要讲充分。同时也要注意内容要简单明了，开门见山说明情况，不必赘述。如果有证明请假原因的证据，如医生证明、电报等最好随条附上。1.请病假（本人写）Askingforsickleavewrittenbyoneself(Sept.17,2004)Dearteacher[Zhang],IamverysorrytoappriseyouthatIamunabletoattendschooltodayowingtoa[stomachache].Ienclosedoctor’scertificateandaskyouforsickleaveof[two]days.Yourstudent,49 [LiMing]Encl.:Doctor’scertificateforsickleave[张]老师：很抱歉，我因患[胃病]今天不能到校。现附上医生证明并向您请病假[两天]。学生[李明][2004年9月17日]附：医生病假证明一份11月11日2.请病假（代写）AskingforsickleavewrittenbysomeoneelseDear[MissWillams],Pleaseexcuse[Kate]’sabsencefromschool[thismorning].[She]coughedalotandhadahighfeverat[9lastnight]andcouldnotfallasleepuntil[midnight].Ifeltitwouldnothavefairtotheotherchildrentoallow[her]toattendschool.SoIamwritingtoaskyoufor[two]day’ssickleaveandwilllet[her]resume[her]studyif[she]feelsbetter[thedayaftertomorrow].[威廉斯小姐]：请原谅[凯特][今早]不能到校上课。[她][昨晚9时]发烧并咳嗽的很厉害，一直到[半夜]才入睡。我觉得叫[她]去学校会影响其他孩子，现代请病假[两]天。如果[后天][她]感觉好些，再让[她]到校。11月12日3.续假条AskingforanextensionofleaveProf.[Huang],Iamstilllyingbedwiththe[flu]andunabletogetup.Iencloseacertificatefromthedoctorwhoisattendingonme,as[she]fearsitwillbeanother[two]daysbeforeIshallbeabletoresumemystudy.Pleasegiveanextensionofleaveforasmanydays.Yourstudent,[LiMing]Encl.:Doctor’sCertificateofAdvice(黄)老师：我患[流感]未好，仍卧床不起，医生认为，还要休息[两天]才能到校学习。现附上所开的证明，请准予续假为盼。11月13日4.教师的回条Teacher’sreplyDear[Alice],Your[mother]tellsmeyouhavethe[mumps]andmustbeabsentfor[halfamonth].Thereseveralothersinthesamecondition.Dobecarefulwhileyouareill.Don’tthinkofdoinganyhomework.We’llhavereviewswhenthesickonesallreturn.Youcanwatchtelevisionorlistentoradioprogramstohelppassthetimewhileyourecuperate.Iasked(Sue)tobringyouseveral[popmusictapes],as[she]saidyouhavea[tape-recorder]athome.Ithinkyoumightfindthemnice.Weallmissyouandshallbehappywhenyoureturn.Yourstruly,亲爱的[艾丽斯]：49 你的[母亲]告诉我，你患[腮腺炎]，必须休假[半个月]。还有几个同学情况也是这样。在生病期间，要多注意休息，不要去想做作业。等生病的同学都回来了，我们将进行复习。你可以看看电视或听听广播，以便帮助你在养病期间消磨时间。我已经叫[苏]给你带去几盘[通俗歌曲盒带]，因为[她]说你家里有一台[录音机]。我想你会觉得它们很好听。我们都很惦记你。当你回来时，我们将很高兴。11月14日通知与海报1.举办报告会NoticeaboutareportmeetingNoticeAllareWelcomeUndertheAuspicesofthe[Oil-paintingDepartment]AreportwillbegivenOnimpressionofvisitingtheArtExhibitionIn[Italy]By[Prof.LiuYang]Inthe[meeting-room]oftheDepartmentOn[Friday,December9,2004],at[9:30a.m.]TheDepartmentOffice[December7,2004]通知[油画系]主办报告会主讲人：[刘洋教授]题目：参观[意大利]艺术展观感地点：油画系[会议室]时间：[2004年12月9日上午3点30分]欢迎大家届时参加11月15日2.召开会议MeetingnoticeTheCollegeCommitteeof[ProfessionalPostEvaluation]Notice[Allthedeans]ofthecollegedepartmentsarerequiredtomeetinthecollege[conferenceroom]on[Saturday],[Oct.21]at[1:30p.m.]todiscusssomethingabout[professionalpostevaluation].[Oct.20,2004]通知兹定于[10月21日星期六][下午1点半]在院[会议室]召开[全体系主任]会议，讨论[职称评定]有关问题，请准时出席。院[职称评定委员会][2004年10月20日]11月16日49 3.安排参观活动NoticeaboutavisitNoticeAvisittothe[HongGuangFarmofJinghaiCounty]for[March12]hasbeenarranged.Theitineraryincludes:1)[TheFarmOffice],whereabriefintroductiontothefarmwillbegivenby[thegeneralmanager]ofthefarm.2)ThePowerPlant3)TheCultureCenter4)Thefarm-runmiddleschool5)Farmer’shomesThosewhowishtogomustassembleat[maingateby6:20a.m.].Thebuswillleaveat[6:30a.m.][LiaisonOffice][March10,2004]通知兹定于[3月12日]参观[静海县红光农场]。参观路线是：1.农场办公室，听取农场总经理对全面情况的介绍2.电站3.文化中心4.场办中学5.农家坐客凡愿参加者请于[上午6点20分]在[大门口]集合，汽车在[6点30分]准时出发。[联络办公室][2004年3月10日]11月17日4.物品遗失通知 NoticeoflostobjectGentlemen,Iwishtonotifyyouthatmy[camera]wasnowheretobefoundonarrivalat[Beijing]Airport[thismorning].Itraveledfrom[Guanzhou]AirportbyFlight[652][thismorning].Itisaveryexpensive[camera]withmyEnglishinitialsin[yellow]onthe[back]sideofit.Ishallbegratefulifyouwilltakenecessarymeasurestotraceandrecoverit.I’mawaitingyourgoodreply.Sincerelyyours,先生们：我谨通知你们，[今天上午]我到达[北京]机场时，我的[照相机]不见了。我是[早晨]从[广州]机场乘坐[652]班机来的。那是一架昂贵的[像机]。在[像机]的背面，用[黄色]标着本人英语姓名的第一个字母。你们如果能采取必要的措施追查并找回这架[像机]我将十分感激。我等候着你们的佳音。11月18日5.文艺晚会Literaryandartisticeveningperformance[SpringFestival]EntertainmentProgramI．Chorus1)TheSongofYantzerRiver49 1)YellowRiverCantataII.Dance3)TraditionalChineseLionDanceIII.FemaleSolo4)NanniwanIV.Quartet5)TheSongofGuerillasV.SelectedScenesfromBeijingOpera6)ThreeForkedCrossroads[春节]文艺晚会节目单I．合唱1）长江之歌2）黄河大合唱II．舞蹈3）狮子舞III．女声独唱4）南泥湾IV．四重唱5游击队之歌V．京剧折子戏6）三叉口6）影讯Filmnews[Monday,June13]FilmNews“[OliverTwist]”[anEnglishfeaturefilm]willbeshownintheauditoriumat[halfpastseven]tonight.Admissionbytickets,[oneyuan],obtainableattheauditoriumticket-office.TheFilmProjectionGroup影讯今晚[七点半]在我校大礼堂放映[英国]故事片[《雾都孤儿》]。一律凭票入场，票价[一元]。售票地点：礼堂售票处。电影放映组[6月13日星期一]49