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英语音标是记录英语发音的音素符号,英语共有48个音标,其中元音20个(单元音12个,双元音8个),辅音包含清辅音和浊辅音26个(一舌、二半、三鼻、六爆、六破、十摩擦)。根据国际音标的特点,以下将第十四版国际音标例词及发音规则归纳如下:一、元 音 在英语的元音中,一共有12个单元音和8个单元音,双元音是由两个元音音标所组成的音素,发音时要注意“前轻后重,前长后短”的特点。(一)单元音(12个)1、/i:/ 例词:me he she see tea key east 发音要诀: 舌抵下齿,嘴唇扁平,做微笑状,发“一”之长音。2、/I/ 例词: it big ship study listen发音要决:舌抵下齿,双唇扁平分开,牙床近于全合,发短促之“一”音。3、/e/ 例词: bed get end let head many friend lesson发音要决:舌近硬颚,舌尖抵下齿,牙床半开半合,做微笑状。4、/Q/ 例词: map cap cat bad and apple发音要决:双唇扁平,舌前微升,舌尖抵住下龈,牙床全开,软腭升起,唇自然开放。5、/ɑ:/ 例词:car fast dark star card hard farm garden的发音:双唇张而不圆,牙床大开,舌后微升,舌尖向后收缩,微离下齿,发“啊”之长音。6、/?n/ 例词:on hot cup want mother touch发音要决:双唇张而不圆,牙床大开,舌后微升,舌尖向后收缩,微离下齿,发短促之“啊”音。7、/?:/ 例词:her bird dirt early worker purse发音要决:舌上抬,唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,发“厄”之长音。8、/?/ 例词:ago panda teacher doctor around famous发音要决:舌上抬,唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,牙床较张开,发“厄”之短音。9、/u:/ 例词:zoo who ruler food fruit cool shoot
发音要决:双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,自然而不用力,发“屋”之长音。10、/u/ 例词:foot good cook book took full should发音要决:双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,自然而不用力,发短促之“屋”音。11、/?:/ 例词:horse water short door talk saw autumn发音要决:双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间,牙床半开至全开,舌尖卷上再过度为卷后。12、/?:/ 例词:dog what ball call hall talk bought发音要决:双唇稍微向外突出成圆形,舌后升起,舌尖抵下齿,发“奥”音。(二)双元音(8个)1、/ei/ 例词:age day they eight great date wait race发音要决::舌尖抵住下齿,牙床半开半合,双唇扁平,由发“哀”音平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。2、/ai/ 例词:hi my bye fly high buy rice like light发音要决:将口张开略圆,舌后微升,舌尖向后收缩,由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。3、/i/ 例词: boy toy oil join soil noise发音要决:双唇外突成圆形,发“奥”音。逐渐过度为双唇扁平分开,发“一”之短音。4、/?u/ 例词:no own note bowl boat know shoulder发音要决:口半开半闭,舌后微升,过渡双唇成圆形,发“欧”之音。5、/au/ 例词: out now town sound house brown发音要决:将口张开略圆,渐渐合拢,双唇成圆形,由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。6、/i?/ 例词: ear deer fear here idea near发音要决:双唇张开,牙床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过度为上卷,从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。7、/ε?/ 例词:air hair bear dare there their carefully发音要决:双唇张开后略圆,牙床张开相当宽,舌尖卷上渐至卷后。8、/u?/ 例词:sure poor tour february
发音要决:双唇成圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,发“屋”之长音,然后从“屋”过渡到“厄”音。二、辅音(28个) 国际音标里总共有28个辅音音素,辅音里面有清辅音和浊辅音,浊辅音在发音时声带振动,而清辅音在发音时声带不振动。(一)摩擦音(10个) 摩擦音是发音时,气流开始部分受到阻碍,随后气流从缝隙中泄出,发出声音。1、 /f/ 例词:fat fast face fine life fire phone father /v/ 例词:of love view vine very violin leave发音要决:下齿轻触上齿,气流从唇齿间的缝隙泻出摩擦成音,/f/是清辅音,/v/浊辅音。 2、/θ/ 例词: both cloth three thing mouth hanks birthday /e/ 例词: that than these bathe mother发音要决:舌尖轻触上齿背,气流从唇齿间的缝隙泻出摩擦成音,/θ/是清辅音,/e/是浊辅音。3、/s/ 例词: sun ice sea sell same face snake mouse /z/ 例词: zoo eyes nose knees prize music发音要决:舌抬起,靠近上齿龈,气流由舌端和齿龈间泻出摩擦成音。/s/ 是清辅音,/z/ 是浊辅音。4、/?/ 例词:she sure wash ship sheepshareshake shop fish /?/ 例词: pleasure usually发音要决:舌尖和舌端向上齿龈后部抬起,舌身靠近硬颚开成一条狭窄的通道。气流由此泄出口腔,摩擦成音。双唇向前突出,略成圆形。/?/是清辅音,/?/是浊辅音。5、/h/ 例词:he hen hat hill high hair horse 发音要决:口张开气流不受阻碍,自由溢出口腔,在通过声门时产生轻微摩擦,/h/是清辅音。6、/r/ 例词:run red rain free race write read
发音要决:舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起,舌前部下陷,略成凹型,双唇稍向前突出,气流从口腔泻出,声带振动,/r/是浊辅音。(二)爆破音(6个)在发音时,气流开始完全受到阻碍,然后气流有力急促的冲开阻碍发出声音。1、/p/ 例词:pen pig park pool peach happy speak /b/ 例词:big bye bad bus job bird bark bike发音要决:双唇紧闭,然后突然张开,气流泄出口腔。/p/是清辅音,/b/是浊辅音。2、/t/ 例词: to tea tear seat boat town bottle /d/ 例词: do dog date down duck glad made window发音要决:舌尖紧抵上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后舌尖突然离开气流泄出口腔。/t/是清辅音,/d/是浊辅音。3、/k/ 例词: cap key cow car card come kite back cold /g/ 例词: go bag egg pig gap girl gold gave发音要决:舌后部抬起紧贴软颚,形成阻碍,然后舌后部突然离开气流泄出口腔。/k/ 是清辅音,/g/是浊辅音。 (三)破擦音(6个) 破擦辅音是由一个爆破音和一个摩擦音组成。1、/t?/ 例词:watch child China chair cheap lunch /d?/ 例词:Jane jeep gem joke bridge orange发音要决:舌间和舌端抬起。贴住上齿龈后部形成阻碍,双唇稍向前突出,气流冲破这个阻碍后,通过舌和齿龈间的窄缝摩擦成音。/t?/是清辅音。/d?/是浊辅音。2、/ts/ 例词: pats cats shirts skates students /dz/ 例词: seeds cards hands roads发音要决:舌尖抵上齿龈形成阻碍,舌尖略下降气流泻出口腔/ts/是清辅音。/dz/是浊辅音。3、/tr/ 例词: train tree trip /dr/ 例词: drive drip dress dream
发音要决:舌尖抵上齿龈后部形成阻碍,舌身取发/r/的姿势,气流冲破阻碍发出短促的[t]或[d]之后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音,/[dr/是浊辅音。(四)鼻辅音(3个)发三个鼻辅音时气流在不同的位置,程度不同地受阻,最后都通过鼻腔泄出,其中最难的音为/?/,其次应注意/m/在单词末尾时应闭嘴,另外/n/不能与/l/混淆。1、/m/ 例词: me home came some mouth game many发音要决:双唇闭合,软鹗下垂气流从鼻腔泻出,/m/是浊辅音。2、/n/ 例词:son run thin neck noon knife number 发音要决:舌尖紧抵下齿龈形成阻碍,软鹗下垂气流从鼻腔泻出,/n/是浊辅音。3、/?/ 例词:Sing king song thing strong bring发音要决:舌后部抬起,抵住软鹗,气流从鼻腔泻出,/?/是浊辅音。(五)半元音(2个)1、/j/ 例词: yes yard year yellow 发音要决:舌前部尽量向硬鹗抬起,双唇平展口微开,气流从口腔泻出,可有轻微摩擦声带振动,一经发出立即向后面的元音滑动,一起发/j/。2、/w/ 例词:wheat wheel way wood 发音要决:舌后部向软鹗抬起,双唇收圆并向前突出气流从口腔泻出声带振动,一经发出立即向后面的元音滑动,一起发/w/。(六)舌侧音(1个) 发音有两种,清晰的/l/和含糊的/l/,清晰的/l/出现在元音前面,含糊的/l/出现在辅音前面或词尾。1、清晰的/l/ 例词: letter lesson lion lamp发音要决:舌端紧贴上齿龈,舌前部向硬颚抬起。气流从舌的两端泻出口腔[l]是浊辅音。2、含糊的/l/ 例词: ball girl tall bottle发音要决:舌端紧贴上齿龈后部,舌前部下陷气流从舌的两端泻出口腔[l]是浊辅音。3、区分鼻音[n]和舌侧音[l] 例词: /n/nine now night know [l]line law light lown
44个基本音;代表44个基本音的字母和字母组合;468个不间断音;30-40常用的前缀和后缀;二十六个辅音b+e=bek+e=ked+e=def+e=feg+e=gebcdfgh+e=hezh+e=zhel+e=lem+e=men+e=nehjlmnp+e=pek+uo=kuor+uo=ruos+e=set+e=tepqurst*v+e=vew+e=weke+se=ksey+e=yez+e=zevwxyzch+e=chesh+e=shech+uo=chuozh+uo=zhuo**s+e=sez+e=zechshtrdrthorth*发此音时,上齿咬著下嘴唇 **发此两个音时,把舌尖伸出上下齿间英辅 bcdfg字母组合b c k,ck,chdf, phg, gu,ghhjlmnh, whj,dge,g(i,e,y)lmn,kn,gnpqurstpqur, wrs, c(i,e,y)tvwxyzvw, whxyzchshtrdrthorthch, tchsh, ti,si,citrdrth注:表中下划线不发音,g(iey)表示g在字母“i,e,g”前可发“j”音。C在字母“i,e,y”前必须发“s”音十八个元音 i A
aeio*ueiiaiouiua_e**eei_eo_eu_ea eaouarorurowoo aireeroiour *此音要发的比汉语拼音中的“a”要短而窄。**此音要发的比汉语拼音中的“i”要长而窄。aeiouaea ey ia oo,ou,oo,ua_eeei_eo_eu_eai,ay,ey,eigh,eaea,ie,ei,eey,igh,ieo,oa,ow,oeue,ui,ewarorurowooaraw,au,al,orir,er,ear,(w)or,urou,owoo,ui,ew,ueairearoi eir,air,ear,are,ereEer,ear,ereoy,oi 英语单词的构成元音是单音节英语单词中的王,因为它们决定着一个单词最终的发音.在单音节英语单词中,级别最高的辅音是元音前面紧挨着它的那个辅音.一个元音和它前面紧挨着它的那个辅音共同组成一个不间断音. 多音节词是由不同的不间断音和其他辅音组成或词缀组成的。第二部分:五个长元音长元音“a_e”代表长元音“a_e”的字母: ai,ay,ey,eigh,ea不间断音: b+a_e=ba_e26个不间断音ba_eha_eca_eja_eda_ela_efa_ema_ega_ena_e
pa_eva_echa_equa_ewa_esha_era_exa_etra_esa_eya_edra_eta_eza_etha_e真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)tablecablelabelfatalablepaperbabybakerbakerybacon favorsavorhastytastyhastenfamouscapablepatrioticpatience tailorsailormailerdrainerrainybrainydaintydailydaisygailygrainy baileyfrailtymailingsailingfaintingtrainingdrainingdrainagefailurefaintness navigategraduatefascinatecandidatesuffocatecalculatefabricateactivatetabulate generatecelebratedevastatedemonstrateemigratedelegateestimatelegislatelemonade 要点在由“-tion”结尾的单词中,重音一般落在“-tion”前面紧挨着的不间断音上,而且元音字母发其字名音,如:“education”。但是如果“-tion”和前面紧挨着的不间断音被一个辅音字母隔开,前面这个不间断音的元音字母发其短元音的音,如:“transaction”。真词认读(4)真词认读(5)真词认读(6)desolation punctuation generationdestination population transportationjustificationdecorationplantationlegislationinvestigationdominationnomination liberationelevation estimation modernizationfiltration fabricationgraduationventilationinspectiontelevisionbenedictiondesolationpunctuationgenerationdestinationpopulationtransportationplantationlegislationinvestigationdominationoccupationeducation
demonstrationobligation connectionseparation occupationeducationinspectiontelevisionbenedictionsuffocationfederationdeliberationimmigrationconstitutiondeclarationimmunizationconnectionseparationfabricationgraduationventilationsuffocationfederationdemonstrationobligationjustificationdecorationmodernizationfiltrationnominationliberationelevationestimationrevolutiondedicationcommunication短句认读Ihatetobelateonsuchadate.Janewantstosavemyface.Don’tmakethesamemistake.Wewerebornonthesamedate.Youcanbakeacakeinthesameway.IwillwaittoplayagamewithJane.Canyoustayintheshade?Justcallaspadeaspade.Pleasewaitatthegate.Shameonthesnake. Youneedtoprayonsuchaday.Canyoustayawayfromthetray?Iwillpayforthedelayonpayday.Doyouwanttorideinthetrainintherain?Thatisamaingaininthegame.HewillstayinajailinSpainforeightdays.Nopains,nogains!Isaweightwhalesinthelake.Stayandpray!Heissuchabraveslave.Stayawake! 长元音“ee”长元音“ee”的代表字母和字母组合: ea ie不间断音:b+ea=bea26个不间断音beaheaceajeadealeafeameageanea
peaveacheaqueaweasheareaxeatreaseayeadreateazeathea真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)feverleverlethallegallevismeterpeelerpeepermeekerbeliefdefeatrepeatretreatmedianmediamediateMediumlethargicdealerstealerhealerdeceitreceivereceiptrelieveeaglebeadlebeagleneedlefeasiblebeakercleanerspeakermeagerbeamerweakersqueaker steamergleanereatermeanerteaserleanerleasersneakerbleakerleaderseekerheeler bleacherpreachercheaterteachereatenneatenbeatenweakenreasonseasonSeatondeceive breedingcreepingbeamingbeamishbleakishseedingdreamingmeaningcleaningfeelingreliefbelieve 短句认读Heisinsuchadeepsleep.Canyouincreasethespeed?Checkthesteeringwheel?Ifeelsuchasweetbreezeinthefield.Canyougivehimakissonthecheek?Heseemstobeasleepintheship.Wheredoyouwanttopreachthecreed?Readtheleaseandsignthedeeds.Pleaserepeatthespeech.Itisjustacheapsteelwheel.
Iseethreesleepinggeeseinthefield.Ineedmorecheese. 长元音“i_e”长元音“i_e”的代表字母和字母组合: i_e y ie igh不间断音:b+i_e=bi_e26个不间断音bi_ehi_epi_evi_echi_eci_eji_equi_ewi_eshi_edi_eli_eri_exi_etri_efi_emi_esi_eyi_edri_egi_eni_eti_ezi_ethi_e真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)rifletriflestiflerivalarrivaldilatedigestdigressbilingualtrilingualphilosophizecriticizejeopardizepressurizesymbolizeemphasizepriorfibertigercipherprimergiantpiouslilacdigestiblebaptizeempirefranchisetranquilizemaximizetranscribetantalizelibraryprimaryfinancepriorityhibernatemigratetripodbicycletricyclemicrobegalvanizememorizecentralizewesternizeenterprizesummarizebaptizeempirefranchisetranquilizemaximizetranscribetantalizescandalizesatellitesacrificeminimizeparaliyedescribeprescribeAmericanizesometimegalvanizememorizecentralizewesternizeenterprisesummarizerecognizestandardizehumanizemodernizephilosophizecriticizejeopardizepressurizesymbolizeemphasizeminimizeparalyzedescribeprescribeAmericanizesometimeapologizemoralizesubsidizefantasizesympathizecharacterizecapitalizemoralizesubsidizefantasize
revolutionizesympathize scandalizesatellitesacrificerecognizestandardize apologizecapitalizerevolutionizecharacterize humanizemodernize短句认读Outofsight,outofmind.Sheismybrightchild.Idrankfiveglassesofwinelastnight.Whatabrightnight!Itisjustalittleharmlesswhitelie.Ioftenrideabiketoschool.Wehadabigfightlastnight.Canyoustaybymyside?Thisisn’tarightsizeformychild.IwishIcouldflyinthesky.Don’tcry,mychild. Wehadagoodtimeonawildnight.Thisismyfightinmylife.Thisisjusttherighttime.Justwriteheraniceletter.Rainorshine.Sheisnotmywisewife.Canyouflyakiteinthesky?Mikehassuchanicesweetsmile.Hemightbeinhisprimetime.Sammightberight.Don’tbribeachild. 长元音“o_e”长元音“o_e”的代表字母和字母组合: o_e oa ow o oe不间断音:b+o_e=bo_e26个不间断音bo_eho_epo_evo_echo_eco_ejo_equo_ewo_esho_edo_elo_ero_exo_etro_efo_emo_eso_eyo_edro_ego_eno_eto_ezo_etho_e真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)momentfocalboastermoaningnarrow buffalo
locustlocusfocusgofersoberdonormotormolarpolarsolarPolishcoordinatecooperatecoworkertotalsociallocallogosolomojotokentonusrodentrodeoromanrotatesodiumpodiumcoasterroastertoasterboaterboastfulroamingcoaxingcoatingloaferloathingtoastingsoakingloadablePolandfloatingboatingloadingloaderpoacherloathermoanerroamertelescopemicroscopetelephoneheadphonesupposecomposeshallow gallows sallow shadowfellowbarrowpillowwidowswallowreposeexposedeposedispose potatotomatotangosoloechomemoKilovideo radioproposeinterposeimposeoppose 短句认读Gohometoimpose.Sooldtopropose.Nohopetoexposethehost.Goldcoasttocompose.Makeatoasttothehost.Holyghost。IknowhowtotowJoe’sslowboat.Joeknowstheowneroftheboat.Rosegrowssoslowinthesnow.ThrowJoehiscoat.Nojokeontheroad.ETphonehome。Showmethegold。Tofeelcoldintheboat。Steponmytoe。HechosesomeroseforRose。Whowrotethoseprose。Closetheroad。Amoaninggoat。ShowJoethetoad。Windblowsthesnow。Afloatingboat。 长元音“u_e”
长元音“u_e”的代表字母和字母组合:u_e ue ew不间断音:b+u_e=bu_e不间断音bu_ehu_epu_ecu_eju_esu_edu_elu_etu_efu_emu_evu_egu_enu_ethu_e 真词认读(1) 真词认读(2)真词认读(3)nuclearnutrienttutorhumanhumormutualtumoreducatebugledutyfuneralmuseummusicnutritionnumerousinstitutedestituteverisimilitudeattitudealtitudelatitudeaptitudenumerous universityuniversaluniverseuniqueunityubiquitousregulatecalculatepeculatearticulatemultitudeassumeresumecapitulateenthusiastichabituategesticulateunilateralduplicatestudent 第三部分:五个普通元音普通元音“ar”普通元音“ar”的代表字母和字母组合:ar不间断音:b+ar=bar26个不间断音barharparvarcharcarjarquarwarshardarlarrarxartrarfarmarsaryardrargarnartarzarthar真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)marketmartyrarchlybarnaclegarmentMarxism
targetcarpetgardenhardenDardencarbonfarthergarterdarterbarleyhardlystarklysmarterlarderharderdarkerbarkerbarbermarkersparkerBarkleyarmyDarbylardystarchysparklycargoembargoFargocharmingdarlingbarbecuebargainbarbariandepartmentbarbershopcardiaccarcasscardinalcharcoalcardiologycarnivalcarpentercartoongarlicgarglegarnishharmlessgarbagemarginmartialmarblesharmonyharmonicbarrenbarricadebarrierbarrowcarriagechargeablemarvelousharmoniousBarnyardbarrackscarrotbarreltardyhardybarmyharpyfarthest 普通元音“or”元音“or”的代表字母和字母组合:or aw au不间断音:b+or=bor26个不间断音borhorporvorchorcorjorquorworshordorlorrorxortrorformorsoryordrorgornortorzorthor真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)borderportersorterorderformerNormanshortenformalnormalmortalcorkagecorporalcorpulentdormantdormitoryformalizeimmortalizeformationCordialformulamorningmordantmoreovermorphememorphologyfortunatefortressforwardfortitudegorgeous
cornerdormerMormongorgoncordonsordidmorbidorbittorridtorpidnormalitymortalityformalitynormalizeportfolioborderlineforthrightforthcomingfortnight corporateformulatemortgagenormative formidableportraitportraysorghum 普通元音“ur”普通元音“ur”的字母和字母组合:ur ir er ear (w)or不间断音:b+ur=bur26个不间断音burhurpurvurchurcurjurquurwurshurdurlurrurxurtrurfurmursuryurdrurgurnurturzurthur 真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)dirtythirtythirstyjerkyGerbermergerfurbishfurthermurderburnermurmurearnerhurdleturtlegirdleburglarturboherderfermentBermudaburblingfermentablefermentation hurdlerhurterhurlergurgleturner learnerjerkinsgirlishskirmishturbot 普通元音“ow”普通元音“ow”的代表字母和字母组合:ow ou不间断音:b+ow=bow26个不间断音
bowhowpowvowchowcowjowquowwowshowdowlowrowxowtrowfowmowsowyowdrowgownowtowzowthow真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)cowardcowardlydowdynowadayspowderpowerfulpowerfullypowerhousepoweringtoweltowerchowdershowerdrowningdrowsingdrowsilydrowsinesstownsmanchowchowdrowsybouncerbouncingbouncybounty boundaryboundenbounderboundlessbounteousbountifulfoullyloudlylousylousilybouncybountyloungerbouncerbounder foundingfountainfoundationloudnessloudspeakerlousinessmountainmountingpounding loudmouthbouncingboundaryboundenboundlessbounteousbountifulpowerlessfounder 普通元音“oo”普通元音“oo”的代表字母和字母组合:oo不间断音:b+oo=boo26个不间断音boohoopoovoochoocoojooquoowooshoodooloorooxootroofoomoosooyoodroogoonootoozoothoo真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)cookerroosterlunarboobyoozyRudy
lookerbookerroomerboomerfootergoobercoolerhooterhookerHooperHooverboostertooterpooperscootersnooperSpoonerrooferpullerrulerrumor cookiebookishfoolishbookingcookinglookingboomingshootingmootingsoothing bootyboozyhookyloonyloopysootytoothymoodygoopygoody roomygroovykookygoofywoodygloomySpookygooeygooseyrookie RubyJudyJulypulleyloomingloosennoodlepoodlegoodnessgoogol 普通元音“air”代表双元音“air”的字母:air are ere不间断音:b+are=bare26个不间断音barehareparevarecharecarejarequarewaresharedarelarerarexaretrarefaremaresareyaredraregarenaretarezarethare真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3) barecaredarefaresharewareglaresnareairfairhairlairmare parerarepairscareawaresparesquarechairflairstairhare
普通元音“ear”双元音“ear”的代表字母和字母组合:ear eer不间断音:b+eer=beer26个不间断音beerheerpeerveercheerceerjeerqueerweersheerdeerleerreerxeertreerfeermeerseeryeerdreergeerneerteerzeertheer真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)earyearfeargeardearheartearshearclearsmearspearappearjeerpeerqueerseercheersheersteersneerheremereleervolunteerrearnearseardeerbeer auctioneercannoneerengineermountaineerpioneer 普通元音“oi”双元音“oi”的代表字母和字母组合:oi oy不间断音:b+oi=boi26个不间断音boihoipoivoichoicoijoiquoiwoishoidoiloiroixoitroifoimoisoiyoidroigoinoitoizoithoi真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)boycoyoilboilcoinjoinpointmoistsoilbroilRoytoy
soyjoycoilfoilnoisepoisejoisttoilspoiljointployvoice 第四部分:特殊多音节词特殊多音节词(1)由“ic”组成的多音节词的重音问题要点:一般来讲,由“ic”结尾的多音节词的重音几乎全部落在倒数第二个音节上。由“ic”结尾的多音节词(1)由“ic”结尾的多音节词(2)specificgeologicacrobaticalcoholicacademiceconomicepidemic optimisticpessimistic demonicinfrasonicharmonicnationalisticdemocraticidealisticidioticdeterministicindividualistic intergalacticgeographicatomicautocratic ironic diplomatic authentic enthusiasticgymnasticsystematiclinguisticmagneticsymbolic 特殊多音节词(2)由“sive”组成的多音节词的重音问题要点:一般来讲,由携带前缀的动词派生来的形容词其原有重读音不变。由“sive”组成的多音节词aggressivedefensivedecisiveexcessiveexpensiveintensiveoffensiveextensiveattractiveincentivedestructiveconstructiveeffectiveproductiveprotectiveobjectiveperspectivecollectiveaddictive
特殊多音节词(3)三个音节以上单词如何处理重音问题要点:一般来讲,三个音节以上单词的重音几乎全部落在倒数第三个不间断音上。三个音节以上的多音节词(1)三个音节以上的多音节词(2)三个音节以上的多音节词(3)legitimateinveterateinvigorateintoxicatehegemonyhereditaryhallucinatehermaphroditecontaminateconsecutiveconglomeratecommiseratehabituategesticulategastronomygalvanizefabricateescalateephemeraldisseminatecapitulatecalamitychimericalexhilaratediscrepancydegeneratedebilitatedecimatefidelityfacilitatecurriculumbenevolentautonomyastrologyvicissitudeexpatriateexpedientequilibriumempiricalelucidateduplicitycoordinateparathyroidectomyvelocityunilateralunequivocalverisimilitudeubiquitoustopographytautologicaltelepathyrevivifyasseveratearticulateapostatizesubsidiaryclemency apostropheantipathyanthropologyantithesisaffiliateacidulousassimilateaboriginalunanimous 特殊多音节词(4)由“ous”结尾的多音节词的重音问题要点:在认读由“ous”结尾的多音节词时,切记不要把“ous”和前面的元音划在一起,否则重音的确认将会出现问题。由“ous”结尾的多音节词(1)由“ous”结尾的多音节词(2)ambiguousambitiousconspicuouscontemptuouscontinuousmysteriousnutritiousfictitiousconsciousunconsciousgregarioussupercilioussimultaneousspontaneoussuperstitiousadventurousubiquitousanonymousglamoroussolicitous
courageousimpetuoushilarioussubconsciousreligioushilariousadvantageoustenacious autonomoustremendous 前缀“a-”aboutaboveabuseacceptaccordaccountaccuseachieveacrossadaptattendattractavailaddressadhereadjustadmitadoptadvanceadviceaffairaffectaffirmawareawayawaitafflictaffordafraidagainstagoagreeaheadalarmalertalikeattainattemptattackaliveallowalonealongaloudamazeamongamountamuseannounceassumeattach annoyapartapparentappealappearapplaudapplyappointapproachapproveavertavoid aroundarrangearrayarrestarriveasideassaultassertassessassistawakeaward前缀“be-”becausebecomebeforebeginbehavebesidebetraybetweenbeyondbeguilebequeathberatebeseechbesiegebeheadbelievebelongbelowbeneath belittlebelovedbewilderedbewitched bestowbewailbefuddledbehind 前缀“com-”combinecommitcommendcompletecomplycomposecomputercomposercommandercompanioncommiseratecommunicatecomparisoncommissionercommoncomplexcommune
commutecompactcomparecompelcompetecomparablecompresscomprisecomputecombustcommandcompromisecombustorcomfortcombatcommentcompanycompassionatecompatiblecompensatecompensationcompetentcomplementcomplimentcomplicatecompression commutecompilecomplaincomprehendcompass前缀“con-”concedeconceiveconcernconcludecondemncondenseconductconferconfessconfineconsciencecontractconsciousconfederateconglomeratecongratulatecongratulationcongregatecongregationconfideconfirmconformconfrontconfoundconfusecongealcongestconnectconnoteconfederationconferenceconfessionconfidenceconfidentconfirmationconfrontationconfidentialconfiscateconsentconserveconsistconsiderconsoleconspireconstrainconstructconstrueconsultcongenitalcongestioncongestivecongressmancongruousconnecticutconnectionconnotationconsecutiveconsensusconventconsumecontaincontendcontestcontinuecontrivecontrolconveneconvergeconverseconsequentconsequenceconservativeconsiderableconsiderateconsiderationconsideringconsolidateconsolidationconsonantconvertconveyconvictconvinceconvokeconcisecontentcontritecontemptconsistentconspicuousconspiracyconspiratorconstituteconstitutionconstitutionalconstructionconvertiblecongenialconsultantcontainercontrollercontactcontestcontextconstantconflictcongressconquestcontaminatecontinentcontinuationcontinuouscontributecontributionconversationconsumptionconstructivecontagious前缀“de-”
debardebatedebugdecaydeceivedecidedeclaimdeclaredeclinedeceasedespairdetachdetaildetaindetectdeterdeterminedetestdecipherdecreasedecoydecryptdeducedeductdefeatdefenddeferdefinedevelopdevisedevotedevourdelighteddespitedecadedesertdeflatedefogdefrostdefrauddefaultdefydegradedegreedejectdeletedecadentdecadencedeciduousdedicatedecimaldecisiondecisivedeclassifydelaydelightdeliverdelugedemanddemeandemisedemolishdenotedenouncedeliriousdemonstratedemonstrationdeparturedepreciatedepressive denydepartdependdepictdepletedeploredeploydeportdepositdepressdestinydeterminatedetrimentdetrimentaldeviatedetractdevaluedeprivederailderivedescenddescribedesertdeceitdeservedesigndesiredeputydesignatedeficitdeliciousdecimatedepressingdepression前缀“dis-”disagreedisappeardisappointdisapprovedisarmdisarraydisbardisbursediscerndiscarddischargedisclaimdisclosedisconnectdiscountdiscoursediscoverdiscretediscussdisgracedisguisedisgustdisjoindislikedismaydismissdismountdispatchdispeldispensedispersedisplacedisplaydisposedisputedisregarddisruptdissectdissentdissolvedistildistinctdistortdistractdistressdistrustdisturbdistancedistantdiscreetdiscretedisorderdiscriminatediscriminationdistinctiondistinguishdistribute
前缀“e-”educeeffecteffuseejectelateelectelapseeleveneliciteludeemergeemitequiperaseerecterodeeruptescapeestateevadeeventevictevokeevolveelaborateelasticelevateelementelementaryelectionelectricityeliminateelucidateelusiveelusionemancipateemotionemotionalevacuateevaluateevaporateevasiveeventualemergencyemigrateemigrationeminenteducateeconomyeconomicseccentriceconomicaledificeeditoreffectiveefficientestablishemergenteligible 前缀“em-”embattleembarkembedembezzleembroideremptyempire emplaceemployempower emperorempressembodyemphasizeempiricalemphasisembraceembroilembassy前缀“en-”enableenactencageencodeencroachencloseendangerendureenforceengageengraveengulfenhanceenjoyenrichenrollensureensueentailentireenticeentreatentrenchentrustenvisionentangleencounterencumbeendorseendowenlistenquireendearentreatentrenchenlightenentitleenlarge 前缀“ex-”exactexcessexoticextinctexceedexcelexceptexchangeexhaleexhaustexhibitexistexplodeexploitexploreexportexaggerateexaggerationexaminationexchangeableexperienceexplicitexternalexercise
extremeexamextentexpenseexampleexciteexclaimexcludeexcuseexemptexpandexpectexpelexpendexpireexposeexpressextendextortexertexcursionexecuteexecutionexertionexpertexperimentextractextrudeexplain 前缀“im-” 前缀“in-”inceptinclineincludeincreaseincurindentinduceinductindulgeinfectinfestinferinflictinflameinflateinflectinforminhabitinhaleinheritinlayinquireinsaneinsertinsistinspectinspireinstallinsteadinstructinsultintactinlandintendintenseintentintrigueintrudeinvadeinventinvertinvestinviteinvokeinvolveindeedinsidein-depthindicateinnovateinnocentintegrateintimateintoxicateinstituteinvestigateinvigorate 后缀“-er”angercancer manner scannerspanner banner canter packer lacquer crackerslacker slander cander gangstertransfergrammerhanger acter facter tracter janiterchapter rattler scamper barrier caliber passenger calender bachelerplunderbett lett ledg tellsellsettcent ent gend tend cindhindginglingsinnwinninnspinnsingulwintlockrocksoccdoctpondconqushopphopploggchopp
thunderblundermusterblusterclusteruppersupperutterbuttershutter underbunkerhungerhunter slendsputtcluttlust slumblumbnumbplumb stuttguttcumb 后缀“-tion”desolationpunctuationgenerationdestinationpopulationtransportationdemonstrationplantationlegislationinvestigationdominationoccupationeducationnominationmodernizationfiltrationsuffocationfederationfabricationgraduationventilationrevolutiondedicationcommunicationconnectionseparationdeliberationimmigrationconstitutiondeclarationimmunizationliberationelevationestimation inspectiontelevitionbenedictionobligationjustificationdecoration 后缀“-ern,-en,-on”lanternpatternhappenbarrensaddenmaddenmelonfelonbeckonlessonlemonreckonbittensickenloosenweakenbrightenwhitenblackenflattenslackenfattenworsencheapenstraightensharpentightenlightenthickenstiffenquickenkittenwiden后缀“-ish”vanishbanishSpanishBritishJewishKurdishDanishlavishravish publishrubbishsluggishlumpish blandishfamishpolishsnobbish IrishScottishPolishSwedish Turkishpunishfoolishradish 单个辅音结尾的单词tragicfrolicrabbitcandidcivictopic
trafficpanicSlavicplastictoxictonicconicrepublichabittacitprofitvomitrapidvalidsolidgossipironicopticstonsil logiccomicnostril 后缀“-y”pacifyratifygasifysatisfymagnifyclassifytestifyedifyfattysnappysmokysnowyhardycornyshaggyhappybrandyhandycandybandycrankyshantyscantysexycloudyroomygloomy sketchydensityentitybrevitychemistrymelodyfelonysteadyitchyshiftyworthyearthysturdy tinnyloftyfoggystockyblotchybulkydustystumpysunnydumpygastronomymortalitynormality huskymustystuffystubbymuddyrugbyuglygrumpyjumpyhubbywaryhegemonyweary touchyrainytastyhastyleafysneakycheekydreamyseedymightyhornydirtymurky 后缀“-ate”regulateeducatepeculatedesolatedecoratehesitatededicatedelicatedelegateemigratedestitutedesperategeneratecelebratedevastateescalatebellicoseenvelopegesticulatelegitimateinveterateinvigorateintoxicatehabituatedegeneratedebilitatedecimateexhilarateelucidatecoordinatefacilitate expatriatecontaminateconglomeratecommiseratecapitulateestimatelegislateasseveratearticulateapostatizefabricatehallucinatedemonstratelemonade 后缀“-ize”
baptizeempirefranchisetranquilizemaximizetranscribeAmericanizetantalizescandalizesatellitesacrificeminimizeparalyzedescribegalvanizememorizecentralizewesternizeenterprisesummarizeprescribeapologizemoralizesubsidizefantasizephilosophizecriticizesometimesymbolizeemphasizerevolutionizesympathizecharacterizecapitalize humanizemodernizejeopardizepressurizerecognizestandardize 后缀“-ic”atomicidioticironicspecificgeologicacrobaticalcoholicoptimisticpessimisticdemonicinfrasonicnationalisticdemocraticintergalacticgeographicautocraticdiplomaticauthenticenthusiasticgymnasticsymbolicnaturalisticsocialisticperiodicclassicorganicpropheticgraphicpanicartisticautomaticsystematiclinguisticmagneticidealisticdeterministicindividualistacademiceconomicepidemicharmonic后缀“-ive”activemassiveaggressiveattractiveaffectiveeffectiveexcessiveexpensiveobjectiveextensiveperspectivecollectivedefensivedetectivedecisiveconstructiveinvectiveproductiveprotectiveoffensiveintensiveincentiveaddictivedestructive后缀“-ous”ambiguousambitiousconspicuouscontemptuouscontinuousconsciousunconscioussubconsciousreligioushilariousgregariousadvantageoustenaciousadventurousubiquitousanonymousimpetuousmysteriousnutritiousfictitiouscourageous solicitousautonomoustremendousglamorous simultaneousspontaneoussuperstitioussupercilious 后缀“-ary”cautionarymercenarysecondaryincendiaryvisionarycontemporary
discretionaryfragmentarymomentarymonetarycontrarygranaryprimarycustomaryhonoraryimaginaryinflationaryprecautionarypreliminarysolitarysubsidiarytemporarydignitaryvoluntaryarbitraryauxiliaryliterarylegendarymilitarynecessaryluminarymissionarysecretaryvocabularydictionaryprobationaryproprietarysanitary extraordinaryordinaryhereditary 后缀“-less”airlessflawlessuselessmeaninglessspeechlessmotionlessspotlesscarelesshelplessnamelessendlessrestlesslifelessseedlessregardlesslistlessstainlesswirelesshairlessrelentlesschildlesshopelesspowerlessthoughtlesstactlessmotherlessspinelessbrainlessheartlessharmless后缀“-ful”armfulbagfulmouthfulglassfulspoonfulbottlefulhandfulpocketfulbucketfulroomfulthankfulteaspoonfulcupfulcarefuldutifulhelpfulhopefuljoyfulpeacefulplayfulplatefulharmfulpainfulshamefulsuccessfulawfulgrateful fruitfullawfulwrongfulwonderfulboastfulcheerful powerfultactfulusefulgracefulboxfulhouseful 后缀“-ibility”accessibilityeligibilitylegibilityresponsibilityplausibilityvisibilitycredibility audibilityfeasibility tangibilitypossibility susceptibilityinvincibility 辅音浊化
元音字母组合spSc,sk,schsquststr发音sbsgsgwsdsdr例词SpiderspaceSkillScareschoolsquabblesquareStarStartstudyStringstraight发音一样的双写和不双写后缀的听写问题,后缀与前面的不间断音之间有辅音隔开则是非双写后缀,否则是双写的后缀bblebleddledleffleflecklecleggleglecabblefiddlecandle 确定重音;1.一个单词含有三个以下(一个、两个或者三个)整体音时,重音在第一个整体音上。如:`barot,`teacher,`paket.2.如果单词含有三个或者三个以上整体音,重音在倒数第三个整体音上。如:`relative,`legible, e`ligible,`negative,`melody,`felony,`memory,`focus,`benefit.注意弱读:不在重音上的整体音需要弱读。 美国小孩都学自然拼读法,
中国也在往那个方向走。了解了自然拼读法的发音规则后,看到一个新单词就能对它的读音猜个八九不离十,而且有利于记住拼写. 自然拼读法基本规则:1. 二十六个字母的读音(LetterSounds).l五个元音字母(a,e,i,o,u),每个发两种音:长音(其字母音)和短音ly不在单词开头时,一般被看做元音2. 单元音单词拼读(Consonant-Vowel-ConsonantCombinations) 如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音,且元音不在末尾,这个元音一般发短音. 如: Sam,cat,mat,等等.lBeginningConsonantslEndingConsonants lOneVowelWord,ShortVowelSounds3.双元音单词拼读(TwoVowelWords):一个单词或音节里有两个元音时, 一般来说,前边一个元音发长音(其字母音), 后边一个元音不发音. 如: make,mail,may,hay,say,see,sea,meet,meat,key,five,nine,tie,road,coat,toe,cute等等.4.双/三辅音在一起时的联读(ConsonantBlends)lBeginningconsonantblends(bl,br,cl,cr,dr,fl,fr,gl,fr,pl,pr,sc,sk,sl,sm,sn,sp,st,sw,tr,tw,scr,spl,str)lEndingconsonantblends(ft,lf,lm,lp,lt,mp,nd,nk,nt,pt,sk,st)lWordsendinginll,ss,fflConsonantdigraphs(ch,th,sh,wh)5.特殊读法(1)–带元音的特殊读法(IrregularVowels) igh,ing,ind,ild,ar,or,oi,oy,alt,alk,ost,old,er,ir,ur,ew,sion,tion,eigh,all,ow,ow,ou,ay,ous,ed,ed(t),ed(d),aw,au,oo,oo以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。Examples:lar(car,far),air(hair),are(hare),au,augh(caught),aw
(hawk) al,all(all,tall,mall,hall),alk(talk,walk),alt(halt,salt),ay(may,play)lew(new,few),eigh(eight,weight), ed: usays/ed/: patted,landed,lifted usays/t/:walked,hopped,stopped usays/d/:cried,played,chewedler(sister,brother),ir(girl,fir,firm),ur(burn,hurt)lie(field),ing(king,sing,dancing),ind(find,kind,behind),ild(mild,wild,child),igh(high,night,light),ireloi(oil,boil),oy(boy,toy),old(old,cold),ost(most,host),olt, oo(book),oo(tool,school),or(or,for,horn), ow(读音一:cow,now,how,bow; 读音二:bow,low,blow,snow), ou(shout,out,loud) ould(could,would),ough(五种不同的读音:cough,through,ought,slough,plough), ought,,ous(famous,nervous),lue(cruel),ui(fluid)ltion(attention,fiction),sion(passion,expression),lendingsounds:ang,ong,ung,edge,le6.特殊读法(2)l如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾, 这个元音一般发长音(其字母音)(Vowelattheend). 如:me,hi,go,baby,table,humor,hibernate等等。lY在末尾(作为元音处理)(yattheend): u单音节词,没有其他元音,y发”I”(onesyllableword,yattheend(pronouncedas“I”)):my,why,fly,sky u多音节词,y发”E”的音(twoormoresyllables,yattheend(pronouncedas“E”)):daddy,mommy,baby,honey,crazy7.特殊读法(3)-固定读音的单词(SightWord):
is,are,the,a,to,here,hey,have,son,love,come,give,field……等.它们不遵守前边的发音规则,需要死记硬背。8.特殊读法(4)–辅音的特殊读法l有一些辅音不发音(silentconsonants). uSilentb:comb,lamb uSilenth:ghost uSilentk:knife,knock,knob,know… uSilentw:write,wrist,wreck…l"c"和"k"在一起时, 发一个音:quick,black等. l"q"总是和"u"在一起:quite,quick,quit,quilt等. 之所以指出这一点,是在这里u不能再被认为是元音,而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合. 于是,在quite这个单词里只有两个元音,是双元音单词,第一个元音i发字母音,第二个元音e不发音.l"p"和"h"在一起,发/f/的音:phone,photo.l复数s及末尾s的读音(Pluralsandthesoundsofendings)lc和g的两种读音: u如果i(或y)或者e跟在c或者g的后边,c发/s/,g发/j/的音:center,cigar,nice,mice,gem,giant,gym,page. u其他情况下,c发/k/,g发/g/:can,clap,cup,great,glad,got,goat,log. u特殊情况:get,give9.多音节单词和复合词(Wordswithmultiplesyllablesandcompoundwords)l多音节单词:believe,multiple,syllable,compoundl复合词:homework,highway,sidewalk,inside,outside