英语音标是记录英语发音的音素符号 34页

英语音标是记录英语发音的音素符号,英语共有48个音标,其中元音20个(单元音12个,双元音8个),辅音包含清辅音和浊辅音26个(一舌、二半、三鼻、六爆、六破、十摩擦)。根据国际音标的特点，以下将第十四版国际音标例词及发音规则归纳如下：一、元 音   在英语的元音中，一共有12个单元音和8个单元音,双元音是由两个元音音标所组成的音素，发音时要注意“前轻后重，前长后短”的特点。（一）单元音（12个）1、/i:/    例词：me  he  she see  tea  key  east 发音要诀： 舌抵下齿，嘴唇扁平，做微笑状，发“一”之长音。2、/I/   例词： it  big ship  study  listen发音要决：舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全合，发短促之“一”音。3、/e/    例词： bed get end let head many friend lesson发音要决：舌近硬颚，舌尖抵下齿，牙床半开半合，做微笑状。4、/Q/   例词： map  cap  cat  bad  and  apple发音要决：双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床全开，软腭升起，唇自然开放。5、/ɑ:/  例词：car fast dark star card  hard farm garden的发音：双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后收缩，微离下齿，发“啊”之长音。6、/?n/   例词：on  hot  cup  want  mother  touch发音要决：双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后收缩，微离下齿，发短促之“啊”音。7、/?:/  例词：her  bird  dirt   early  worker  purse发音要决：舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。8、/?/   例词：ago  panda  teacher doctor  around famous发音要决:舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，牙床较张开，发“厄”之短音。9、/u:/   例词：zoo who ruler food fruit  cool  shoot 发音要决：双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发“屋”之长音。10、/u/ 例词：foot good cook book took  full  should发音要决：双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发短促之“屋”音。11、/?:/ 例词：horse water short  door talk  saw autumn发音要决：双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开至全开，舌尖卷上再过度为卷后。12、/?:/  例词：dog  what  ball  call  hall talk bought发音要决：双唇稍微向外突出成圆形，舌后升起，舌尖抵下齿，发“奥”音。（二）双元音（8个）1、/ei/  例词：age day they eight great date wait  race发音要决:：舌尖抵住下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平，由发“哀”音平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。2、/ai/  例词：hi  my bye fly high buy rice like light发音要决：将口张开略圆，舌后微升，舌尖向后收缩，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。3、/i/ 例词： boy toy oil join soil noise发音要决：双唇外突成圆形，发“奥”音。逐渐过度为双唇扁平分开，发“一”之短音。4、/?u/  例词：no own note  bowl  boat know shoulder发音要决：口半开半闭，舌后微升，过渡双唇成圆形，发“欧”之音。5、/au/  例词： out   now  town  sound  house brown发音要决：将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。6、/i?/  例词： ear  deer  fear  here  idea  near发音要决：双唇张开，牙床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过度为上卷，从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。7、/ε?/   例词：air  hair  bear  dare  there their carefully发音要决：双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开相当宽，舌尖卷上渐至卷后。8、/u?/  例词：sure   poor  tour  february 发音要决：双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，发“屋”之长音，然后从“屋”过渡到“厄”音。二、辅音（28个）   国际音标里总共有28个辅音音素，辅音里面有清辅音和浊辅音，浊辅音在发音时声带振动，而清辅音在发音时声带不振动。(一)摩擦音（10个）   摩擦音是发音时，气流开始部分受到阻碍，随后气流从缝隙中泄出，发出声音。1、 /f/   例词：fat fast face fine life fire phone father   /v/   例词：of  love  view vine very violin leave发音要决：下齿轻触上齿，气流从唇齿间的缝隙泻出摩擦成音，/f/是清辅音，/v/浊辅音。 2、/θ/   例词： both  cloth  three thing mouth  hanks birthday   /e/   例词： that  than  these  bathe  mother发音要决：舌尖轻触上齿背，气流从唇齿间的缝隙泻出摩擦成音，/θ/是清辅音，/e/是浊辅音。3、/s/   例词： sun ice sea sell same face snake mouse   /z/   例词： zoo eyes nose knees prize music发音要决：舌抬起，靠近上齿龈，气流由舌端和齿龈间泻出摩擦成音。/s/ 是清辅音，/z/ 是浊辅音。4、/?/  例词：she sure wash ship sheepshareshake  shop fish   /?/  例词： pleasure  usually发音要决：舌尖和舌端向上齿龈后部抬起，舌身靠近硬颚开成一条狭窄的通道。气流由此泄出口腔，摩擦成音。双唇向前突出，略成圆形。/?/是清辅音，/?/是浊辅音。5、/h/   例词：he hen hat  hill high hair horse 发音要决：口张开气流不受阻碍，自由溢出口腔，在通过声门时产生轻微摩擦，/h/是清辅音。6、/r/   例词：run  red rain  free  race  write read 发音要决：舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起，舌前部下陷，略成凹型，双唇稍向前突出，气流从口腔泻出，声带振动，/r/是浊辅音。(二)爆破音（6个）在发音时，气流开始完全受到阻碍，然后气流有力急促的冲开阻碍发出声音。1、/p/   例词：pen pig park  pool  peach happy  speak   /b/   例词：big  bye bad bus job bird  bark bike发音要决：双唇紧闭，然后突然张开，气流泄出口腔。/p/是清辅音，/b/是浊辅音。2、/t/   例词：  to tea tear seat boat  town bottle   /d/   例词： do dog date down  duck  glad   made window发音要决：舌尖紧抵上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后舌尖突然离开气流泄出口腔。/t/是清辅音,/d/是浊辅音。3、/k/   例词： cap key cow car card  come kite back cold   /g/   例词： go bag  egg pig gap girl  gold gave发音要决：舌后部抬起紧贴软颚，形成阻碍，然后舌后部突然离开气流泄出口腔。/k/ 是清辅音，/g/是浊辅音。  （三）破擦音（6个）   破擦辅音是由一个爆破音和一个摩擦音组成。1、/t?/ 例词：watch child China chair cheap lunch   /d?/ 例词：Jane jeep gem joke  bridge orange发音要决：舌间和舌端抬起。贴住上齿龈后部形成阻碍，双唇稍向前突出，气流冲破这个阻碍后，通过舌和齿龈间的窄缝摩擦成音。/t?/是清辅音。/d?/是浊辅音。2、/ts/ 例词： pats cats shirts skates students    /dz/ 例词： seeds cards hands  roads发音要决：舌尖抵上齿龈形成阻碍，舌尖略下降气流泻出口腔/ts/是清辅音。/dz/是浊辅音。3、/tr/  例词： train  tree   trip    /dr/  例词： drive drip dress dream  发音要决：舌尖抵上齿龈后部形成阻碍，舌身取发/r/的姿势，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的[t]或[d]之后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音，/[dr/是浊辅音。（四）鼻辅音（3个）发三个鼻辅音时气流在不同的位置，程度不同地受阻，最后都通过鼻腔泄出，其中最难的音为/?/，其次应注意/m/在单词末尾时应闭嘴，另外/n/不能与/l/混淆。1、/m/   例词： me  home came some mouth  game  many发音要决：双唇闭合,软鹗下垂气流从鼻腔泻出，/m/是浊辅音。2、/n/  例词：son run thin neck noon  knife number  发音要决：舌尖紧抵下齿龈形成阻碍，软鹗下垂气流从鼻腔泻出,/n/是浊辅音。3、/?/  例词：Sing king song  thing strong  bring发音要决：舌后部抬起，抵住软鹗，气流从鼻腔泻出，/?/是浊辅音。（五）半元音（2个）1、/j/   例词： yes   yard  year  yellow    发音要决：舌前部尽量向硬鹗抬起，双唇平展口微开，气流从口腔泻出，可有轻微摩擦声带振动，一经发出立即向后面的元音滑动，一起发/j/。2、/w/  例词：wheat   wheel  way  wood 发音要决：舌后部向软鹗抬起，双唇收圆并向前突出气流从口腔泻出声带振动，一经发出立即向后面的元音滑动，一起发/w/。（六）舌侧音（1个）   发音有两种，清晰的/l/和含糊的/l/，清晰的/l/出现在元音前面，含糊的/l/出现在辅音前面或词尾。1、清晰的/l/ 例词： letter  lesson lion  lamp发音要决：舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前部向硬颚抬起。气流从舌的两端泻出口腔[l]是浊辅音。2、含糊的/l/ 例词： ball girl tall bottle发音要决：舌端紧贴上齿龈后部，舌前部下陷气流从舌的两端泻出口腔[l]是浊辅音。3、区分鼻音[n]和舌侧音[l]  例词： /n/nine now night know    [l]line law light lown 44个基本音；代表44个基本音的字母和字母组合；468个不间断音；30-40常用的前缀和后缀;二十六个辅音b+e=bek+e=ked+e=def+e=feg+e=gebcdfgh+e=hezh+e=zhel+e=lem+e=men+e=nehjlmnp+e=pek+uo=kuor+uo=ruos+e=set+e=tepqurst*v+e=vew+e=weke+se=ksey+e=yez+e=zevwxyzch+e=chesh+e=shech+uo=chuozh+uo=zhuo**s+e=sez+e=zechshtrdrthorth*发此音时，上齿咬著下嘴唇      **发此两个音时，把舌尖伸出上下齿间英辅     bcdfg字母组合b     c k,ck,chdf,  phg, gu,ghhjlmnh,     whj,dge,g(i,e,y)lmn,kn,gnpqurstpqur,    wrs, c(i,e,y)tvwxyzvw,   whxyzchshtrdrthorthch,      tchsh,  ti,si,citrdrth注：表中下划线不发音，g(iey)表示g在字母“i,e,g”前可发“j”音。C在字母“i,e,y”前必须发“s”音十八个元音  i A aeio*ueiiaiouiua_e**eei_eo_eu_ea eaouarorurowoo     aireeroiour *此音要发的比汉语拼音中的“a”要短而窄。**此音要发的比汉语拼音中的“i”要长而窄。aeiouaea    ey   ia   oo,ou,oo,ua_eeei_eo_eu_eai,ay,ey,eigh,eaea,ie,ei,eey,igh,ieo,oa,ow,oeue,ui,ewarorurowooaraw,au,al,orir,er,ear,(w)or,urou,owoo,ui,ew,ueairearoi  eir,air,ear,are,ereEer,ear,ereoy,oi  英语单词的构成元音是单音节英语单词中的王，因为它们决定着一个单词最终的发音.在单音节英语单词中，级别最高的辅音是元音前面紧挨着它的那个辅音.一个元音和它前面紧挨着它的那个辅音共同组成一个不间断音.  多音节词是由不同的不间断音和其他辅音组成或词缀组成的。第二部分:五个长元音长元音“a_e”代表长元音“a_e”的字母:   ai,ay,ey,eigh,ea不间断音: b+a_e=ba_e26个不间断音ba_eha_eca_eja_eda_ela_efa_ema_ega_ena_e pa_eva_echa_equa_ewa_esha_era_exa_etra_esa_eya_edra_eta_eza_etha_e真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)tablecablelabelfatalablepaperbabybakerbakerybacon  favorsavorhastytastyhastenfamouscapablepatrioticpatience tailorsailormailerdrainerrainybrainydaintydailydaisygailygrainy baileyfrailtymailingsailingfaintingtrainingdrainingdrainagefailurefaintness navigategraduatefascinatecandidatesuffocatecalculatefabricateactivatetabulate generatecelebratedevastatedemonstrateemigratedelegateestimatelegislatelemonade 要点在由“-tion”结尾的单词中，重音一般落在“-tion”前面紧挨着的不间断音上，而且元音字母发其字名音，如：“education”。但是如果“-tion”和前面紧挨着的不间断音被一个辅音字母隔开，前面这个不间断音的元音字母发其短元音的音,如：“transaction”。真词认读(4)真词认读(5)真词认读(6)desolation     punctuation   generationdestination   population     transportationjustificationdecorationplantationlegislationinvestigationdominationnomination    liberationelevation      estimation    modernizationfiltration      fabricationgraduationventilationinspectiontelevisionbenedictiondesolationpunctuationgenerationdestinationpopulationtransportationplantationlegislationinvestigationdominationoccupationeducation demonstrationobligation      connectionseparation occupationeducationinspectiontelevisionbenedictionsuffocationfederationdeliberationimmigrationconstitutiondeclarationimmunizationconnectionseparationfabricationgraduationventilationsuffocationfederationdemonstrationobligationjustificationdecorationmodernizationfiltrationnominationliberationelevationestimationrevolutiondedicationcommunication短句认读Ihatetobelateonsuchadate.Janewantstosavemyface.Don’tmakethesamemistake.Wewerebornonthesamedate.Youcanbakeacakeinthesameway.IwillwaittoplayagamewithJane.Canyoustayintheshade?Justcallaspadeaspade.Pleasewaitatthegate.Shameonthesnake. Youneedtoprayonsuchaday.Canyoustayawayfromthetray?Iwillpayforthedelayonpayday.Doyouwanttorideinthetrainintherain?Thatisamaingaininthegame.HewillstayinajailinSpainforeightdays.Nopains,nogains!Isaweightwhalesinthelake.Stayandpray!Heissuchabraveslave.Stayawake! 长元音“ee”长元音“ee”的代表字母和字母组合: ea  ie不间断音:b+ea=bea26个不间断音beaheaceajeadealeafeameageanea peaveacheaqueaweasheareaxeatreaseayeadreateazeathea真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)feverleverlethallegallevismeterpeelerpeepermeekerbeliefdefeatrepeatretreatmedianmediamediateMediumlethargicdealerstealerhealerdeceitreceivereceiptrelieveeaglebeadlebeagleneedlefeasiblebeakercleanerspeakermeagerbeamerweakersqueaker steamergleanereatermeanerteaserleanerleasersneakerbleakerleaderseekerheeler bleacherpreachercheaterteachereatenneatenbeatenweakenreasonseasonSeatondeceive breedingcreepingbeamingbeamishbleakishseedingdreamingmeaningcleaningfeelingreliefbelieve 短句认读Heisinsuchadeepsleep.Canyouincreasethespeed?Checkthesteeringwheel?Ifeelsuchasweetbreezeinthefield.Canyougivehimakissonthecheek?Heseemstobeasleepintheship.Wheredoyouwanttopreachthecreed?Readtheleaseandsignthedeeds.Pleaserepeatthespeech.Itisjustacheapsteelwheel. Iseethreesleepinggeeseinthefield.Ineedmorecheese. 长元音“i_e”长元音“i_e”的代表字母和字母组合: i_e y  ie  igh不间断音:b+i_e=bi_e26个不间断音bi_ehi_epi_evi_echi_eci_eji_equi_ewi_eshi_edi_eli_eri_exi_etri_efi_emi_esi_eyi_edri_egi_eni_eti_ezi_ethi_e真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)rifletriflestiflerivalarrivaldilatedigestdigressbilingualtrilingualphilosophizecriticizejeopardizepressurizesymbolizeemphasizepriorfibertigercipherprimergiantpiouslilacdigestiblebaptizeempirefranchisetranquilizemaximizetranscribetantalizelibraryprimaryfinancepriorityhibernatemigratetripodbicycletricyclemicrobegalvanizememorizecentralizewesternizeenterprizesummarizebaptizeempirefranchisetranquilizemaximizetranscribetantalizescandalizesatellitesacrificeminimizeparaliyedescribeprescribeAmericanizesometimegalvanizememorizecentralizewesternizeenterprisesummarizerecognizestandardizehumanizemodernizephilosophizecriticizejeopardizepressurizesymbolizeemphasizeminimizeparalyzedescribeprescribeAmericanizesometimeapologizemoralizesubsidizefantasizesympathizecharacterizecapitalizemoralizesubsidizefantasize revolutionizesympathize scandalizesatellitesacrificerecognizestandardize apologizecapitalizerevolutionizecharacterize humanizemodernize短句认读Outofsight,outofmind.Sheismybrightchild.Idrankfiveglassesofwinelastnight.Whatabrightnight!Itisjustalittleharmlesswhitelie.Ioftenrideabiketoschool.Wehadabigfightlastnight.Canyoustaybymyside?Thisisn’tarightsizeformychild.IwishIcouldflyinthesky.Don’tcry,mychild. Wehadagoodtimeonawildnight.Thisismyfightinmylife.Thisisjusttherighttime.Justwriteheraniceletter.Rainorshine.Sheisnotmywisewife.Canyouflyakiteinthesky?Mikehassuchanicesweetsmile.Hemightbeinhisprimetime.Sammightberight.Don’tbribeachild. 长元音“o_e”长元音“o_e”的代表字母和字母组合: o_e oa  ow o oe不间断音:b+o_e=bo_e26个不间断音bo_eho_epo_evo_echo_eco_ejo_equo_ewo_esho_edo_elo_ero_exo_etro_efo_emo_eso_eyo_edro_ego_eno_eto_ezo_etho_e真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)momentfocalboastermoaningnarrow     buffalo locustlocusfocusgofersoberdonormotormolarpolarsolarPolishcoordinatecooperatecoworkertotalsociallocallogosolomojotokentonusrodentrodeoromanrotatesodiumpodiumcoasterroastertoasterboaterboastfulroamingcoaxingcoatingloaferloathingtoastingsoakingloadablePolandfloatingboatingloadingloaderpoacherloathermoanerroamertelescopemicroscopetelephoneheadphonesupposecomposeshallow     gallows     sallow      shadowfellowbarrowpillowwidowswallowreposeexposedeposedispose potatotomatotangosoloechomemoKilovideo    radioproposeinterposeimposeoppose 短句认读Gohometoimpose.Sooldtopropose.Nohopetoexposethehost.Goldcoasttocompose.Makeatoasttothehost.Holyghost。IknowhowtotowJoe’sslowboat.Joeknowstheowneroftheboat.Rosegrowssoslowinthesnow.ThrowJoehiscoat.Nojokeontheroad.ETphonehome。Showmethegold。Tofeelcoldintheboat。Steponmytoe。HechosesomeroseforRose。Whowrotethoseprose。Closetheroad。Amoaninggoat。ShowJoethetoad。Windblowsthesnow。Afloatingboat。 长元音“u_e” 长元音“u_e”的代表字母和字母组合:u_e ue ew不间断音:b+u_e=bu_e不间断音bu_ehu_epu_ecu_eju_esu_edu_elu_etu_efu_emu_evu_egu_enu_ethu_e           真词认读(1)           真词认读(2)真词认读(3)nuclearnutrienttutorhumanhumormutualtumoreducatebugledutyfuneralmuseummusicnutritionnumerousinstitutedestituteverisimilitudeattitudealtitudelatitudeaptitudenumerous    universityuniversaluniverseuniqueunityubiquitousregulatecalculatepeculatearticulatemultitudeassumeresumecapitulateenthusiastichabituategesticulateunilateralduplicatestudent 第三部分:五个普通元音普通元音“ar”普通元音“ar”的代表字母和字母组合:ar不间断音:b+ar=bar26个不间断音barharparvarcharcarjarquarwarshardarlarrarxartrarfarmarsaryardrargarnartarzarthar真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)marketmartyrarchlybarnaclegarmentMarxism targetcarpetgardenhardenDardencarbonfarthergarterdarterbarleyhardlystarklysmarterlarderharderdarkerbarkerbarbermarkersparkerBarkleyarmyDarbylardystarchysparklycargoembargoFargocharmingdarlingbarbecuebargainbarbariandepartmentbarbershopcardiaccarcasscardinalcharcoalcardiologycarnivalcarpentercartoongarlicgarglegarnishharmlessgarbagemarginmartialmarblesharmonyharmonicbarrenbarricadebarrierbarrowcarriagechargeablemarvelousharmoniousBarnyardbarrackscarrotbarreltardyhardybarmyharpyfarthest  普通元音“or”元音“or”的代表字母和字母组合:or aw au不间断音:b+or=bor26个不间断音borhorporvorchorcorjorquorworshordorlorrorxortrorformorsoryordrorgornortorzorthor真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)borderportersorterorderformerNormanshortenformalnormalmortalcorkagecorporalcorpulentdormantdormitoryformalizeimmortalizeformationCordialformulamorningmordantmoreovermorphememorphologyfortunatefortressforwardfortitudegorgeous cornerdormerMormongorgoncordonsordidmorbidorbittorridtorpidnormalitymortalityformalitynormalizeportfolioborderlineforthrightforthcomingfortnight corporateformulatemortgagenormative formidableportraitportraysorghum  普通元音“ur”普通元音“ur”的字母和字母组合:ur ir er ear (w)or不间断音:b+ur=bur26个不间断音burhurpurvurchurcurjurquurwurshurdurlurrurxurtrurfurmursuryurdrurgurnurturzurthur 真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)dirtythirtythirstyjerkyGerbermergerfurbishfurthermurderburnermurmurearnerhurdleturtlegirdleburglarturboherderfermentBermudaburblingfermentablefermentation hurdlerhurterhurlergurgleturner learnerjerkinsgirlishskirmishturbot 普通元音“ow”普通元音“ow”的代表字母和字母组合:ow ou不间断音:b+ow=bow26个不间断音 bowhowpowvowchowcowjowquowwowshowdowlowrowxowtrowfowmowsowyowdrowgownowtowzowthow真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)cowardcowardlydowdynowadayspowderpowerfulpowerfullypowerhousepoweringtoweltowerchowdershowerdrowningdrowsingdrowsilydrowsinesstownsmanchowchowdrowsybouncerbouncingbouncybounty boundaryboundenbounderboundlessbounteousbountifulfoullyloudlylousylousilybouncybountyloungerbouncerbounder foundingfountainfoundationloudnessloudspeakerlousinessmountainmountingpounding loudmouthbouncingboundaryboundenboundlessbounteousbountifulpowerlessfounder 普通元音“oo”普通元音“oo”的代表字母和字母组合:oo不间断音:b+oo=boo26个不间断音boohoopoovoochoocoojooquoowooshoodooloorooxootroofoomoosooyoodroogoonootoozoothoo真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)cookerroosterlunarboobyoozyRudy lookerbookerroomerboomerfootergoobercoolerhooterhookerHooperHooverboostertooterpooperscootersnooperSpoonerrooferpullerrulerrumor cookiebookishfoolishbookingcookinglookingboomingshootingmootingsoothing bootyboozyhookyloonyloopysootytoothymoodygoopygoody roomygroovykookygoofywoodygloomySpookygooeygooseyrookie RubyJudyJulypulleyloomingloosennoodlepoodlegoodnessgoogol  普通元音“air”代表双元音“air”的字母:air are ere不间断音:b+are=bare26个不间断音barehareparevarecharecarejarequarewaresharedarelarerarexaretrarefaremaresareyaredraregarenaretarezarethare真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3) barecaredarefaresharewareglaresnareairfairhairlairmare     parerarepairscareawaresparesquarechairflairstairhare         普通元音“ear”双元音“ear”的代表字母和字母组合:ear eer不间断音:b+eer=beer26个不间断音beerheerpeerveercheerceerjeerqueerweersheerdeerleerreerxeertreerfeermeerseeryeerdreergeerneerteerzeertheer真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)earyearfeargeardearheartearshearclearsmearspearappearjeerpeerqueerseercheersheersteersneerheremereleervolunteerrearnearseardeerbeer auctioneercannoneerengineermountaineerpioneer 普通元音“oi”双元音“oi”的代表字母和字母组合:oi oy不间断音:b+oi=boi26个不间断音boihoipoivoichoicoijoiquoiwoishoidoiloiroixoitroifoimoisoiyoidroigoinoitoizoithoi真词认读(1)真词认读(2)真词认读(3)boycoyoilboilcoinjoinpointmoistsoilbroilRoytoy soyjoycoilfoilnoisepoisejoisttoilspoiljointployvoice 第四部分:特殊多音节词特殊多音节词(1)由“ic”组成的多音节词的重音问题要点:一般来讲，由“ic”结尾的多音节词的重音几乎全部落在倒数第二个音节上。由“ic”结尾的多音节词(1)由“ic”结尾的多音节词(2)specificgeologicacrobaticalcoholicacademiceconomicepidemic optimisticpessimistic  demonicinfrasonicharmonicnationalisticdemocraticidealisticidioticdeterministicindividualistic intergalacticgeographicatomicautocratic     ironic diplomatic    authentic      enthusiasticgymnasticsystematiclinguisticmagneticsymbolic 特殊多音节词(2)由“sive”组成的多音节词的重音问题要点:一般来讲，由携带前缀的动词派生来的形容词其原有重读音不变。由“sive”组成的多音节词aggressivedefensivedecisiveexcessiveexpensiveintensiveoffensiveextensiveattractiveincentivedestructiveconstructiveeffectiveproductiveprotectiveobjectiveperspectivecollectiveaddictive   特殊多音节词(3)三个音节以上单词如何处理重音问题要点:一般来讲，三个音节以上单词的重音几乎全部落在倒数第三个不间断音上。三个音节以上的多音节词(1)三个音节以上的多音节词(2)三个音节以上的多音节词(3)legitimateinveterateinvigorateintoxicatehegemonyhereditaryhallucinatehermaphroditecontaminateconsecutiveconglomeratecommiseratehabituategesticulategastronomygalvanizefabricateescalateephemeraldisseminatecapitulatecalamitychimericalexhilaratediscrepancydegeneratedebilitatedecimatefidelityfacilitatecurriculumbenevolentautonomyastrologyvicissitudeexpatriateexpedientequilibriumempiricalelucidateduplicitycoordinateparathyroidectomyvelocityunilateralunequivocalverisimilitudeubiquitoustopographytautologicaltelepathyrevivifyasseveratearticulateapostatizesubsidiaryclemency apostropheantipathyanthropologyantithesisaffiliateacidulousassimilateaboriginalunanimous  特殊多音节词(4)由“ous”结尾的多音节词的重音问题要点:在认读由“ous”结尾的多音节词时，切记不要把“ous”和前面的元音划在一起，否则重音的确认将会出现问题。由“ous”结尾的多音节词(1)由“ous”结尾的多音节词(2)ambiguousambitiousconspicuouscontemptuouscontinuousmysteriousnutritiousfictitiousconsciousunconsciousgregarioussupercilioussimultaneousspontaneoussuperstitiousadventurousubiquitousanonymousglamoroussolicitous courageousimpetuoushilarioussubconsciousreligioushilariousadvantageoustenacious autonomoustremendous  前缀“a-”aboutaboveabuseacceptaccordaccountaccuseachieveacrossadaptattendattractavailaddressadhereadjustadmitadoptadvanceadviceaffairaffectaffirmawareawayawaitafflictaffordafraidagainstagoagreeaheadalarmalertalikeattainattemptattackaliveallowalonealongaloudamazeamongamountamuseannounceassumeattach annoyapartapparentappealappearapplaudapplyappointapproachapproveavertavoid aroundarrangearrayarrestarriveasideassaultassertassessassistawakeaward前缀“be-”becausebecomebeforebeginbehavebesidebetraybetweenbeyondbeguilebequeathberatebeseechbesiegebeheadbelievebelongbelowbeneath belittlebelovedbewilderedbewitched  bestowbewailbefuddledbehind 前缀“com-”combinecommitcommendcompletecomplycomposecomputercomposercommandercompanioncommiseratecommunicatecomparisoncommissionercommoncomplexcommune commutecompactcomparecompelcompetecomparablecompresscomprisecomputecombustcommandcompromisecombustorcomfortcombatcommentcompanycompassionatecompatiblecompensatecompensationcompetentcomplementcomplimentcomplicatecompression commutecompilecomplaincomprehendcompass前缀“con-”concedeconceiveconcernconcludecondemncondenseconductconferconfessconfineconsciencecontractconsciousconfederateconglomeratecongratulatecongratulationcongregatecongregationconfideconfirmconformconfrontconfoundconfusecongealcongestconnectconnoteconfederationconferenceconfessionconfidenceconfidentconfirmationconfrontationconfidentialconfiscateconsentconserveconsistconsiderconsoleconspireconstrainconstructconstrueconsultcongenitalcongestioncongestivecongressmancongruousconnecticutconnectionconnotationconsecutiveconsensusconventconsumecontaincontendcontestcontinuecontrivecontrolconveneconvergeconverseconsequentconsequenceconservativeconsiderableconsiderateconsiderationconsideringconsolidateconsolidationconsonantconvertconveyconvictconvinceconvokeconcisecontentcontritecontemptconsistentconspicuousconspiracyconspiratorconstituteconstitutionconstitutionalconstructionconvertiblecongenialconsultantcontainercontrollercontactcontestcontextconstantconflictcongressconquestcontaminatecontinentcontinuationcontinuouscontributecontributionconversationconsumptionconstructivecontagious前缀“de-” debardebatedebugdecaydeceivedecidedeclaimdeclaredeclinedeceasedespairdetachdetaildetaindetectdeterdeterminedetestdecipherdecreasedecoydecryptdeducedeductdefeatdefenddeferdefinedevelopdevisedevotedevourdelighteddespitedecadedesertdeflatedefogdefrostdefrauddefaultdefydegradedegreedejectdeletedecadentdecadencedeciduousdedicatedecimaldecisiondecisivedeclassifydelaydelightdeliverdelugedemanddemeandemisedemolishdenotedenouncedeliriousdemonstratedemonstrationdeparturedepreciatedepressive denydepartdependdepictdepletedeploredeploydeportdepositdepressdestinydeterminatedetrimentdetrimentaldeviatedetractdevaluedeprivederailderivedescenddescribedesertdeceitdeservedesigndesiredeputydesignatedeficitdeliciousdecimatedepressingdepression前缀“dis-”disagreedisappeardisappointdisapprovedisarmdisarraydisbardisbursediscerndiscarddischargedisclaimdisclosedisconnectdiscountdiscoursediscoverdiscretediscussdisgracedisguisedisgustdisjoindislikedismaydismissdismountdispatchdispeldispensedispersedisplacedisplaydisposedisputedisregarddisruptdissectdissentdissolvedistildistinctdistortdistractdistressdistrustdisturbdistancedistantdiscreetdiscretedisorderdiscriminatediscriminationdistinctiondistinguishdistribute  前缀“e-”educeeffecteffuseejectelateelectelapseeleveneliciteludeemergeemitequiperaseerecterodeeruptescapeestateevadeeventevictevokeevolveelaborateelasticelevateelementelementaryelectionelectricityeliminateelucidateelusiveelusionemancipateemotionemotionalevacuateevaluateevaporateevasiveeventualemergencyemigrateemigrationeminenteducateeconomyeconomicseccentriceconomicaledificeeditoreffectiveefficientestablishemergenteligible 前缀“em-”embattleembarkembedembezzleembroideremptyempire emplaceemployempower emperorempressembodyemphasizeempiricalemphasisembraceembroilembassy前缀“en-”enableenactencageencodeencroachencloseendangerendureenforceengageengraveengulfenhanceenjoyenrichenrollensureensueentailentireenticeentreatentrenchentrustenvisionentangleencounterencumbeendorseendowenlistenquireendearentreatentrenchenlightenentitleenlarge 前缀“ex-”exactexcessexoticextinctexceedexcelexceptexchangeexhaleexhaustexhibitexistexplodeexploitexploreexportexaggerateexaggerationexaminationexchangeableexperienceexplicitexternalexercise extremeexamextentexpenseexampleexciteexclaimexcludeexcuseexemptexpandexpectexpelexpendexpireexposeexpressextendextortexertexcursionexecuteexecutionexertionexpertexperimentextractextrudeexplain 前缀“im-”      前缀“in-”inceptinclineincludeincreaseincurindentinduceinductindulgeinfectinfestinferinflictinflameinflateinflectinforminhabitinhaleinheritinlayinquireinsaneinsertinsistinspectinspireinstallinsteadinstructinsultintactinlandintendintenseintentintrigueintrudeinvadeinventinvertinvestinviteinvokeinvolveindeedinsidein-depthindicateinnovateinnocentintegrateintimateintoxicateinstituteinvestigateinvigorate 后缀“-er”angercancer   manner    scannerspanner banner     canter      packer      lacquer      crackerslacker    slander   cander gangstertransfergrammerhanger    acter   facter   tracter janiterchapter    rattler    scamper barrier    caliber   passenger  calender  bachelerplunderbett   lett ledg  tellsellsettcent    ent       gend tend      cindhindginglingsinnwinninnspinnsingulwintlockrocksoccdoctpondconqushopphopploggchopp thunderblundermusterblusterclusteruppersupperutterbuttershutter underbunkerhungerhunter slendsputtcluttlust slumblumbnumbplumb stuttguttcumb 后缀“-tion”desolationpunctuationgenerationdestinationpopulationtransportationdemonstrationplantationlegislationinvestigationdominationoccupationeducationnominationmodernizationfiltrationsuffocationfederationfabricationgraduationventilationrevolutiondedicationcommunicationconnectionseparationdeliberationimmigrationconstitutiondeclarationimmunizationliberationelevationestimation inspectiontelevitionbenedictionobligationjustificationdecoration 后缀“-ern,-en,-on”lanternpatternhappenbarrensaddenmaddenmelonfelonbeckonlessonlemonreckonbittensickenloosenweakenbrightenwhitenblackenflattenslackenfattenworsencheapenstraightensharpentightenlightenthickenstiffenquickenkittenwiden后缀“-ish”vanishbanishSpanishBritishJewishKurdishDanishlavishravish publishrubbishsluggishlumpish blandishfamishpolishsnobbish IrishScottishPolishSwedish Turkishpunishfoolishradish 单个辅音结尾的单词tragicfrolicrabbitcandidcivictopic trafficpanicSlavicplastictoxictonicconicrepublichabittacitprofitvomitrapidvalidsolidgossipironicopticstonsil logiccomicnostril 后缀“-y”pacifyratifygasifysatisfymagnifyclassifytestifyedifyfattysnappysmokysnowyhardycornyshaggyhappybrandyhandycandybandycrankyshantyscantysexycloudyroomygloomy sketchydensityentitybrevitychemistrymelodyfelonysteadyitchyshiftyworthyearthysturdy tinnyloftyfoggystockyblotchybulkydustystumpysunnydumpygastronomymortalitynormality huskymustystuffystubbymuddyrugbyuglygrumpyjumpyhubbywaryhegemonyweary touchyrainytastyhastyleafysneakycheekydreamyseedymightyhornydirtymurky 后缀“-ate”regulateeducatepeculatedesolatedecoratehesitatededicatedelicatedelegateemigratedestitutedesperategeneratecelebratedevastateescalatebellicoseenvelopegesticulatelegitimateinveterateinvigorateintoxicatehabituatedegeneratedebilitatedecimateexhilarateelucidatecoordinatefacilitate expatriatecontaminateconglomeratecommiseratecapitulateestimatelegislateasseveratearticulateapostatizefabricatehallucinatedemonstratelemonade 后缀“-ize” baptizeempirefranchisetranquilizemaximizetranscribeAmericanizetantalizescandalizesatellitesacrificeminimizeparalyzedescribegalvanizememorizecentralizewesternizeenterprisesummarizeprescribeapologizemoralizesubsidizefantasizephilosophizecriticizesometimesymbolizeemphasizerevolutionizesympathizecharacterizecapitalize humanizemodernizejeopardizepressurizerecognizestandardize 后缀“-ic”atomicidioticironicspecificgeologicacrobaticalcoholicoptimisticpessimisticdemonicinfrasonicnationalisticdemocraticintergalacticgeographicautocraticdiplomaticauthenticenthusiasticgymnasticsymbolicnaturalisticsocialisticperiodicclassicorganicpropheticgraphicpanicartisticautomaticsystematiclinguisticmagneticidealisticdeterministicindividualistacademiceconomicepidemicharmonic后缀“-ive”activemassiveaggressiveattractiveaffectiveeffectiveexcessiveexpensiveobjectiveextensiveperspectivecollectivedefensivedetectivedecisiveconstructiveinvectiveproductiveprotectiveoffensiveintensiveincentiveaddictivedestructive后缀“-ous”ambiguousambitiousconspicuouscontemptuouscontinuousconsciousunconscioussubconsciousreligioushilariousgregariousadvantageoustenaciousadventurousubiquitousanonymousimpetuousmysteriousnutritiousfictitiouscourageous solicitousautonomoustremendousglamorous simultaneousspontaneoussuperstitioussupercilious 后缀“-ary”cautionarymercenarysecondaryincendiaryvisionarycontemporary discretionaryfragmentarymomentarymonetarycontrarygranaryprimarycustomaryhonoraryimaginaryinflationaryprecautionarypreliminarysolitarysubsidiarytemporarydignitaryvoluntaryarbitraryauxiliaryliterarylegendarymilitarynecessaryluminarymissionarysecretaryvocabularydictionaryprobationaryproprietarysanitary extraordinaryordinaryhereditary 后缀“-less”airlessflawlessuselessmeaninglessspeechlessmotionlessspotlesscarelesshelplessnamelessendlessrestlesslifelessseedlessregardlesslistlessstainlesswirelesshairlessrelentlesschildlesshopelesspowerlessthoughtlesstactlessmotherlessspinelessbrainlessheartlessharmless后缀“-ful”armfulbagfulmouthfulglassfulspoonfulbottlefulhandfulpocketfulbucketfulroomfulthankfulteaspoonfulcupfulcarefuldutifulhelpfulhopefuljoyfulpeacefulplayfulplatefulharmfulpainfulshamefulsuccessfulawfulgrateful fruitfullawfulwrongfulwonderfulboastfulcheerful powerfultactfulusefulgracefulboxfulhouseful 后缀“-ibility”accessibilityeligibilitylegibilityresponsibilityplausibilityvisibilitycredibility audibilityfeasibility tangibilitypossibility susceptibilityinvincibility    辅音浊化 元音字母组合spSc,sk,schsquststr发音sbsgsgwsdsdr例词SpiderspaceSkillScareschoolsquabblesquareStarStartstudyStringstraight发音一样的双写和不双写后缀的听写问题，后缀与前面的不间断音之间有辅音隔开则是非双写后缀，否则是双写的后缀bblebleddledleffleflecklecleggleglecabblefiddlecandle  确定重音；1.一个单词含有三个以下（一个、两个或者三个）整体音时，重音在第一个整体音上。如：`barot,`teacher,`paket.2.如果单词含有三个或者三个以上整体音，重音在倒数第三个整体音上。如：`relative,`legible,       e`ligible,`negative,`melody,`felony,`memory,`focus,`benefit.注意弱读：不在重音上的整体音需要弱读。   美国小孩都学自然拼读法, 中国也在往那个方向走。了解了自然拼读法的发音规则后,看到一个新单词就能对它的读音猜个八九不离十,而且有利于记住拼写.  自然拼读法基本规则:1.  二十六个字母的读音(LetterSounds).l五个元音字母(a,e,i,o,u),每个发两种音：长音（其字母音）和短音ly不在单词开头时，一般被看做元音2.  单元音单词拼读(Consonant-Vowel-ConsonantCombinations)  如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音,且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音.  如：　Sam,cat,mat,等等．lBeginningConsonantslEndingConsonants　lOneVowelWord,ShortVowelSounds3.双元音单词拼读(TwoVowelWords):一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，　一般来说，前边一个元音发长音（其字母音），　后边一个元音不发音．　如：　make,mail,may,hay,say,see,sea,meet,meat,key,five,nine,tie,road,coat,toe,cute等等．4.双/三辅音在一起时的联读(ConsonantBlends)lBeginningconsonantblends(bl,br,cl,cr,dr,fl,fr,gl,fr,pl,pr,sc,sk,sl,sm,sn,sp,st,sw,tr,tw,scr,spl,str)lEndingconsonantblends(ft,lf,lm,lp,lt,mp,nd,nk,nt,pt,sk,st)lWordsendinginll,ss,fflConsonantdigraphs(ch,th,sh,wh)5.特殊读法(1)–带元音的特殊读法(IrregularVowels)  igh,ing,ind,ild,ar,or,oi,oy,alt,alk,ost,old,er,ir,ur,ew,sion,tion,eigh,all,ow,ow,ou,ay,ous,ed,ed(t),ed(d),aw,au,oo,oo以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。Examples:lar(car,far),air(hair),are(hare),au,augh(caught),aw (hawk)  al,all(all,tall,mall,hall),alk(talk,walk),alt(halt,salt),ay(may,play)lew(new,few),eigh(eight,weight),    ed:      usays/ed/:  patted,landed,lifted  usays/t/:walked,hopped,stopped  usays/d/:cried,played,chewedler(sister,brother),ir(girl,fir,firm),ur(burn,hurt)lie(field),ing(king,sing,dancing),ind(find,kind,behind),ild(mild,wild,child),igh(high,night,light),ireloi(oil,boil),oy(boy,toy),old(old,cold),ost(most,host),olt,    oo(book),oo(tool,school),or(or,for,horn),    ow(读音一：cow,now,how,bow；　读音二：bow,low,blow,snow),    ou(shout,out,loud)    ould(could,would),ough(五种不同的读音：cough,through,ought,slough,plough),    ought,,ous(famous,nervous),lue(cruel),ui(fluid)ltion(attention,fiction),sion(passion,expression),lendingsounds:ang,ong,ung,edge,le6.特殊读法(2)l如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾，　这个元音一般发长音（其字母音）(Vowelattheend)．　如：me,hi,go,baby,table,humor，hibernate等等。lY在末尾(作为元音处理）（yattheend）：  u单音节词,没有其他元音，y发”I”(onesyllableword,yattheend(pronouncedas“I”)):my,why,fly,sky  u多音节词,y发”E”的音(twoormoresyllables,yattheend(pronouncedas“E”)):daddy,mommy,baby，honey,crazy7.特殊读法(3)-固定读音的单词(SightWord): is,are,the,a,to,here,hey,have,son,love,come,give,field……等.它们不遵守前边的发音规则，需要死记硬背。8.特殊读法(4)–辅音的特殊读法l有一些辅音不发音(silentconsonants)．　　  uSilentb:comb,lamb  uSilenth:ghost  uSilentk:knife,knock,knob,know…  uSilentw:write,wrist,wreck…l"c"和"k"在一起时，　发一个音:quick,black等.　l"q"总是和"u"在一起：quite,quick,quit,quilt等.  之所以指出这一点,是在这里u不能再被认为是元音,而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合.  于是,在quite这个单词里只有两个元音,是双元音单词,第一个元音i发字母音,第二个元音e不发音.l"p"和"h"在一起,发/f/的音:phone,photo.l复数s及末尾s的读音(Pluralsandthesoundsofendings)lc和g的两种读音:  u如果i(或y)或者e跟在c或者g的后边,c发/s/,g发/j/的音:center,cigar,nice,mice,gem,giant,gym,page.  u其他情况下,c发/k/,g发/g/:can,clap,cup,great,glad,got,goat,log.  u特殊情况：get,give9.多音节单词和复合词(Wordswithmultiplesyllablesandcompoundwords)l多音节单词:believe,multiple,syllable,compoundl复合词:homework,highway,sidewalk,inside,outside