最全的英语音标规则与技巧 5页

单元音12前元音4[i:][ɪ][e][æ]中元音3[ɜ:][ə][ʌ]后元音5[ɔ:][ɒ][u:][ʊ][a:]短元音7[Λ][ɒ][ə][ɪ][ʊ][e][æ]长元音5[ɑ:][ɔ:][ɜ:][i:][u:]双元音8合口双元音5[eɪ][aɪ][ɔɪ][əʊ][aʊ]集中双元音3[ɪə][eə][ʊə]爆破音6[p][b][t][d][k][g]摩擦音8[f][v][s][z][θ][ð][ʃ][ʒ]破擦音6[tʃ][dʒ][ts][dz][tr][dr]声门音[h]舌侧音[ǀ]卷舌音[r]半元音2[w][j]鼻音3[m][n][ŋ]清辅音10[p][t][k][f][θ][s][ʃ][tʃ][ts][tr]浊辅音10[b][d][g][v][ð][z][ʒ][dʒ][dz][dr]2.重读音节A）单音节词都重读B)双音节词：a)一般在第一个音节重读。b)有前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。c)一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。C)多音节词：一般倒数第三个音节是重音3.开闭音节重读音节可以分为开音节和闭音节，开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。相对开音节：以辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。绝对开音节：以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。（发字母本身音）闭音节：以元音字母加一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾的音节。重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的单词改变时态时要双写。 如：sit---sittingbegin---beginningput---puttingswim---swimming4.音节的划分划分音节的方法：元音是构成音节的主体，辅音是音节的分界线。两辅音之间不管有多少个元音，一般都是一个音节。1）头、中、尾音节：（头尾都不缺）cat,fat,hot,dog,flag,match,cut2）中、尾音节：（缺头）at,am,of,old,egg,art,aid,eight3）头、中音节：（缺尾）he,me,go,so,she,far,door,sea,4）单中音节：（头尾都缺）I,a,o,or,ear,are先找元音去尾e，一个元音一音节。元音相连听音定，加上头尾是整体。一靠后，二分手，多个中间偏左右，组合字母算一个，常见组合要遵守。词尾看e加音节，发音不发分两种，双字相连不连手，听音验证最后头。5.辅音字母在单词中不发音的规则1、字母b在字母t之前，如：debt[det]（欠债）2、字母g在字母n之前，如：sign[sain]（标记）3、字母gh在t之前，如：fight[fait]（打架）4、字母k在字母n之前，如：knee[ni:]（膝）5、字母b在字母m之后，如：comb[kəum]（梳子）6、字母c在字母s之后，如：muscle["mʌsl]（肌肉）7、字母h在r之后，如：rhythm["riðəm]（节奏）8、字母h在词首ex-之后，如：exhibition[eksi"bʃin]（展览会）9、字母d在词尾dge中，如：bridge[bridʒ]（桥）10、字母h在词首gh中，如：ghost[gəust]（鬼）11、字母l在ould中，如：could[kud]（能）12、字母t在词尾ften中，如：soften["sɒfn]（缓和）6.元音字母在重读音节中的一般读音a开音节中[ei]nameplanebabycake闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackbacke开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyesegg i开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo开音节中[əu]thoseclosegohoehomeno闭音节中[ɒ]clocknotboxshopsocku开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesdayjrls后[u:]Junebluerulersuper闭音节中[ʌ]buscupjumpmuchlunch7.元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音a[w]音后面[ɒ]wantwhatwatchwashqualityfnskphspssstth前[α:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatherindldgh前[ai]findchildlighthighostld前[əu]mostpostcardoldcoldmnvth前[ʌ]comemonkeylovemother8.元音字母在非重读音节中的读音a[ə]chinaanotherbreakfasto[ə]secondtonightsomebody[i]orangevillagecabbage[əu]alsozerophotoe[ə]hundredopenu[ə]autumndifficult[i]chickenpocketbegin[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuaryi[ə]/[i]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal[ai]exercisesatellite9.r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音ar[α:]carfarmdarksharpener[w]音后[ɔ:]warmquartertowardsor[ɔ:]fortymorningshort[w]音后[ə:]wordworkerworseerirur[ə:]certainlybirdThursday10.re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音are[eə]caredarehareere[iə]heremere ire[aiə]firehirewireore[ɔ:]ure[juə]purecure11.元音字组在重读音节中的读音ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplayear[iə]heardearnearclearyearei/ey[ei]eightneighbourthey[εə]bearpearwearswear[i:]eitherkey[ə:]earthlearnearlyoi/oy[ɔɪ]noisepointboytoiletoar/oor[ɔ:]roarboarddoorfloorau/aw[ɔ:]autumndaughterdrawour[ɔ:]courseyourfoureu/ew[ju:]newfewnewspaper[auə]ourhourours[u:]jrls后flewbrewjewelry[ə:]journeyou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdownea[i:]teacheasycheapplease[əu]knowrowthrowthough[e]heavybreadsweaterweather[ʌ]youngcountryenough[ei]breakgreat[u:]groupyousoupoa[əu]coatboatgoaloo[u:]broomfoodtoothschoolair[eə]airhairchairpairrepair[u]booklookcookfootgoodal[ɔ:]smallballtalkwallallee[i:]jeepweekgreenthree[a:]fm前halfcalmeer[iə]pioneerdeerbeerui[jui]fluidsuicidetuitionie[i:]piecefield[u:]jlrs后juicefruitsuit12.非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音通常读[ə]音或[i]，如neighborseriousfamousbiscuitcoffeeSundayforeignmonkeyow[əu]yellowsparrowtomorrowsiontion[ʃn]impression元音字母后[ʒn]visiondecisionoccasionnations后[tʃən]questionsuggestionsten[sn]listensure[ʃə]pleasuremeasurestle[sl]whistleture[tʃə]pictureculture13.辅音字组的读音 b[b]bikebusbagck[k]cockpocketblackknock[/]bombtombdge[ʒ]bridgefridgec[k]cakepicturecoatmusicch[tʃ]muchchickrichteachereiy前[s]facedecidecinema[k]schoolheadachechemistryg[g]baggardengo[ʃ]machineeiy前[ʒ]orangelargeGermandr-[dr]childrendriverdrinkh[h]hotheadhousehandgugue[g]guessleaguedialogue[/]hourhonest非重读中[gw]languageanguishj[dʒ]jeepjarjokejoinJulygh[f]coughenoughn[n]notshinetennote[/]lightdaughterhighkg前[ʌ]unclethankhungrykn[n]knifeknowknockq[k]Iraqmn[m]autumncolumnsolemns词首、清辅音前[s]sleepdeskng[ŋ]morningyoungwrong元音字母间、浊音前[z]musichusbandph[f]elephantphototelephonet[t]tenlettermeetqu-[kw]qualityquiteiaieio前[ʃ]patientnationsc-[sk]scarletw[w]weekwinwakesweetwait[s]musclescience[/]Answertwosh[ʃ]shefishshirtwashx[ks]boxtextexercisetch[ʃ]watch重读元音前[gz]exampleexistexactth通常[θ]thinthirtymethody-[j]yesyardyellowyoung介冠代连词中[ð]thethesewiththantr-[tr]treetraincountrytruck词尾[ð]clothefatherweatherwr-[r]writewh[w]whatwhenwhitewhyO前[h]whowhosewhole