英语音标发音规则大全 12页

英语音标的发间规则：1．开音节1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。例：be，he。2）以辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。例：make，like。*在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。2．闭音节以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，称为闭音节。例：map，desk，is。*在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。字母a，e，i，o，u在重读音节中的读法1元音:1)[i:]字母组合:eeeaeiethreetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleaseheshemepiecereceiveceiling2)[i]发音字母iye sitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissmythmanytwentyhappydictionarydefectdecidedelicious3)[æ]发音字母abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman4)[e]字母组合eaeaheadbreadpleasureelephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyesmanyany5)[ə:]字母组合irurearurorgirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdturnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerlearnearnearthheardtermhernerdserveworkwormworkworld6)[ə]字母组合erorouaroaeuteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderdoctoractormayorauthortractordeliciousgraciouspleasurefamiliarcollardollartogethertomorrowtodayshalloplessonWashingtoncontrolpolitearoundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanChinamenlistenfamulusSaturday7)[a:]字母组合aracarfarmcardarmgardenfastclasslastglassplantauntcalm8)[ʌ]发音字母uoouooupsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbuscomemotherdosebrotherloveaboveroubleroughflourishbloodflood9)[ɔ:]字母组合alorauourarsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreauthorcaughtautumnfourmourncourtboughtwarmquarrelquarter10)[ɔ]发音字母oahotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnotwantwash11)[u:]字母组合oooufoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothshoedotwotruetruthbluefull 12)[u]字母组合ooouuolookgoodfootbookshouldcouldputfullbullpullpushwomenwhose13)[ei]发音字母aayeaaieynamecakelategateplaneAprilplaysaymaywaygreatbreakrainpaintplaintheygrey14)[ai]发音字母iybikefinefinddieninelightnighthighmytryflyeye15)[au]字母组合ouowhouseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseflowerdownnowcowhowtown16)[əu]发音字母oowoahomecoldgonophonehostghostknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowboatcoatgoal17)[ɔi]字母组合oyoiboytoyjoyoilsoilvoicechoice18)[iə]字母组合eerbeerdeerearideanearherefierce19)[ɛə]字母组合earairpearbearchairairfaircaretherewhere20)[uə]hourtourpoorflowershower2容易混淆的元音[æ][e]badbedhandheadmanmenlandlendpanpensadsaid[i：][ei]realrailgreetgreatmeanmainreadraid[e][ai]betbiteredwritesaidsideheadhide[au][ɔ:]househorseloudlordsouthsaucecloudclausenownorcountcorn [aU][ɔ]foundfonddowndonegowngonetownton3辅音1)[p]penpearplaypigpourpullpush2)[b]bookbigbootbikebreadbreak3)[t]treetwotentontowntwentycity4)[d]doordulldeskdosedodogdictionary5)[k]kingkitekeylookcookbookkitchensky(发音字母k)cardcatcreamcorrectclimbcomeaccountaccept(发音字母c)foxboxoxygenx-ray(发音字母x)schoolscheduleschema(字母组合ch)6)[g]girlgoodgoalgoatgradelonglanguage7)[m]manmakemoonmorningmovecomecomb8)[n]pentenninefinenightnoonmoonclean9)[ŋ]unclebankEnglishthinkthankjunksingkingmorningevening10)[l]longlandlendlordflyflagblackworldcoldcouldgoalsoul11)[r]readredrightrunroomwrite12)[f]fiveflyfineflagfrogfogroofknifelifewifecoughlaughroughphysicphotophone13)[v]veryeveningeveneveryvoicevest14)[s]sixsitstudentsameseatkissmisscasescarf(发音字母s)licensecityceasecedarceilingcelebrate(发音字母c)licencepiecejuicesciencelancespaceace(字母组合ce)15)[z]zoozebrazerozapclosenosehosesupposepausethosewhose16)[θ]thinkthankthreethirtytoothmouth17)[ð]thatthisthosethesethough18)[ʃ]sheepshouldershipshoeshebrushwashnationattentionstationsocialspecialsure19)[l]pleasure 20)[h]hothophomehousehorsehowwho21)[w]whenwhatwherewindowwindwood22)[j]yesyearyellyouyouryolkyellow23)[tʃ]childchickenchinachairlunchouchcatchteach24)[dʒ]agelanguagecabbagevegetablestagebridgejoyenjoyjoinJulyJunejunk25)[tr]treecountrytrytreattracktrunk26)[dr]drydreamdropdrivedrink27)[ts]studentsbootsboatsgoatsnuts28)[dz]goodswoodsmoodshoods4容易混淆的辅音[v][w]vestwestvetwetvinewineverywell[s][θ]sinkthinkmassmathmissmythsortsought[z][θ]closeclothbreezebreathe[n][ŋ]thinthingsinsingranrangbanbangwinwing添加一点:9)[ɔ:]字母组合alorauourarawsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreauthorcaughtautumnfourmourncourtboughtwarmquarrelquarterdrawsawflaw23)[tʃ]childchickenchinachairlunchouchteach(字母组合ch）catchwatchmatch（字母组合tch)5字母，组合音节发音规律1）a[ei][æ][ə][a:][ɔ]lateprivategradebakegrapenationstationpageactivehandbankfanparentfamilygladflagacceptaboutaboveformativemachinecinemafastlastglassclasspastfatherwashwhatwatchwant2）e[i:][e][i][不发音] appreciateextremelysecretshemeheletterleftmessagegeneratepebbledecideprettypreviousresultrestoreproblemprosperousstudentconfidentactivetablelatewifestorelecture3）i[ai][i]highpricelibraryicecreamwifesizelinefistpickchickenpianofiancécityunit4）o[əu][u:][ʌ][ə][ɔ]hostcoldnoteokayoldhomelosedowhowhoseprovelovesomeothermotherhoneycompanytodaytomorrowtogethercontrolcollectlosthotmockofficesofthonest5）u[ju][u][ʌ][ə]Universityrefuseuniqueuniversehugeputpushpullfullbullbutbrushbucketduckbubblesupportsuggest6）c[k][s]countrycampcameracouragecablecityceilingcelebratecellcease7）g[g][dʒ][ŋ]girlgradeglassgladebagflagvillagevegetablebridgegentlemangymlongsongsingmorningevening8)l[l]读音不同listenlearnlanguagecollectEnglishgorillaworldcoldsoiltallsellcoolanimal9)n[n][ŋ]moonnightnoodlenumberunclehungryangryyoung10)r[r]rightreadwritegradeprogress11）y[j][i][ai]yellowyearyellyoungyolkuniversitycountryprettyhappydykedyingflybuybymy12）ar[a:][ə][ɔ:]farmcardgardenmarkdollarwarmquarrelquarter13)ea[i:][e][ei][i[] ceaseseasonbreathefeaturemeatpleasebreadbreastbreathmeadowweathergreatbreakidearealize14)ear[ə:][iə]learnearthearnheardhearnearclearearfear15)er[ə:][ə][iə]deserveserveherpersonteacherdriverangersingerseriousexperiencemysteriousfierce16）ere[iə][ɛə]heremerefereserethere17)ir[ə:][ai]shirtgirlskirtadmiredesire18)oo[u:][u][ʌ][ɔ:]roomtoolcoolmoonnoongooffoodgoodfootstoodwoodwoolcookwoodbookbloodflooddoorfloor19)or[ɔ:][wə:][ə]shortformcornbornforworkworldwormwordworsttractordoctoractorsectorseniorsenator20)oor[ɔ:][uə]doorfloormoorpoorboor21)our[uə][ɔ:]hourtourflourbournlourpourcourtfourmourn22)ou[au][ʌ][ə]housemouthmousesoundfoundenoughtroubletouchdeliciousgraciousprosperous23)ow[əu][au]windowmeadowknowshowlownowtownhowdowncow24)se[z][s]nosesupposegoseloseposerosemousehouse25)th[θ][ð]thankthinkthoughtclothclothesthatthisthenthan26)sion[ʃən][ʒən] propulsiontensionprogressionpassionprotrusionprovisionconclusiontelevision27)tion[ʃən][tʃən](不常见)stationnationtranslationattentionquestion6关于语音的几个概念:音素:音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.元音:发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.开音节:1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音ekitecakenamebikemaketakehomeplaneshine2)辅音+元音hehigonodobetreethreehello闭音节:1)辅音+元音+辅音sitbedbadbaghothopletmadmaphead2)元音+辅音itisofinonupoutant名词复数的规则变化一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后bag-bags读/z/;car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y变y为i结尾的词再加es读/z/baby---babies名词复数的不规则变化1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。 2）单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japaneseli，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如：TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b.news是不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。"TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。5)表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses(眼镜)trousers,clothes若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加""s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：ateacher"sbook。名词所有格的规则如下：1）单数名词词尾加""s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加""s"，如theboy"sbag男孩的书包，men"sroom男厕所。2）若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"""，如：theworkers"struggle工人的斗争。3）凡不能加""s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字。 4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：thebarber"s理发店。5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有"s，则表示"分别有"；只有一个"s，则表示"共有"。如：John"sandMary"sroom（两间）JohnandMary"sroom（一间）6）复合名词或短语，"s加在最后一个词的词尾。如：amonthortwo"sabsence动词第三人称单数一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同。1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。如：①stop－stops[s];make－makes[s]②read－reads[z];play－plays[z]2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz]如：fly－flies[z]；carry－carries[z]study－studies[z];worry－worries3、以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz]如：teach－teaches[iz];watch－watches[iz]4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z]如：go－goes[z]do－does[z]下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。如：1、do[du:]－does[dz]2、say[sei]－says[sez]以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s”一起读做[iz]。如：close－closes[iz]二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同：变“y”为“”现象双写最后辅音字母现象例词：①baby－babies②carry－carries③study－studying动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1)规则变化①一般在动词原形后加-edlookcallopenneedlookedcalledopenedneededcalledopenedneeded但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写，为fixed.②以-e结尾的动词加-dmovephonehopeagreemovedphonedhopedagreedhoped③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edstudycarrytrystudiedstudiedcarriedstudiedcarriedtried[traid] ④以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-edplayenjoystayplayedenjoyedstayedplayed[pleid]enjoyed[in5dVCid]stayed[steid]⑤末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-edstopplanfitstoppedplannedfitted⑥以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，再加-edpreferreferpreferredreferredpreferred2)不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。例：原形过去式过去分词cut（切）hit（打）cast（扔）hurt（伤害）put（放）let（让）shut（关）cost（花费）set（放）rid（清除）cuthitcasthurtputletshutcostsetridcuthitcasthurtputletshutcostsetrid2．过去式与过去分词完全同形。例：原形过去式过去分词find（找到）foundfoundpay（支付）paidleave（离开）leftlend（借出）lentmeet（遇见）metkeep（保持）keptlose（丢失）lostteach（教）taughtsit（坐）satlead（引导）ledwin（赢）wonpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwon3．动词原形与过去分词同形例：原形过去式过去分词comerun（跑）become（成为）cameranbecamecomerunbecome4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。例：原形过去式过去分词give（给）fly（飞）drink（喝）see（看见）go（去）knowwear（穿）speak（说）gaveflewdranksawwentknewworespokegivenflowndrunkseengoneknownwornspoken5．过去式和过去分词有两种形式例：原形过去式过去分词 burn（燃烧）burnedburntburnedburntlearn（学习）learnedlearntlearnedlearntsmell（闻）smelledsmeltsmelledsmeltspell（拼写）spelledspeltspelledspeltshine（照射）shinedshoneshinedshoneleap（跳）leapedleaptleapedleapt提示a.beat的过去式与原形同形：比：beat（打击）beat（过去式）beaten（过去分词）b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：lielied,lied（说谎）lay,lain（躺，位于）c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：hanghanged,hanged（处绞刑）hung,hung(挂，吊)d.welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词比：welcomewelcomed,welcomed（正）welcome,welcome（误）e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比：hit（打）hit,hit（正）hitted,hitted（误）