英语音标发音规则表 11页

音    标1、音素：音素是英语中最小的语音单位，英语中有48个音素，其中元音20个，辅音28个。2、音标：是记录音素的符号，用于区别字母，因而需加“[ ]”或“/ /”。3、48个音标   4、开音节：以元音字母结尾或以辅音字母加不发音的e结尾的单词，叫开音节单词。在开音节单词中，元音字母发它本身的音。5、重音：读单词时总有一个响亮的音节叫重读音节，以“＇”来标记。6、句子重读：①一般原则：有句子重读的是名词、动词、形容词、数词、副词、感叹词等。②关键性原则：在一定场景下传递新信息的关键词要重读。7、连读：同一句群中，前一词以辅音音素结尾，后一词以元音音素开头，在语流中将这两个音素合拼在一起读，这种现象叫“连读”。1、字母或字母组合在重读音节或非重读音节中的读音A）元音字母在单词中的读音元音字母读音说     明例         词a/ei/在重读开音节中name,make,plane,grade,cake,date,page,safe,face,gate/e/在ny前any,many,anyone,anything  在重读闭音节中map,fat,sad,back,hand,catch,hat,bad,glad,black,thank,act  在w或wh后wash,want,watch,what  在s,ss,st前past,flash,last,glass,pass,class,basket  在w后偶尔发Water ar分开发音Mary,parent  在非重读音节中another,along,asleep,away,among,around 在非重读音节中village,comrade,palace  元音字母读音说     明例         词e  在重读开音节中me,be,we,he,she,these,Chinese/e/在重读闭音节中get,rest,mend,next,left,then,help,wet,forget,dress,sell,spell er分开发音Zero  在非重读音节中open,moment,September  在非重读音节中ticket,begin,behind,cinema,betweeni(y)/ai/在重读开音节中time,drive,ride,knife,wife,smile,why,sky,dry,try,fly,spy,July  在重读闭音节中hit,ill,lift,kill,twin,drink,pick,ship,wind,thin,ship,physics  在重读开音节中police,machine在非重读音节中April,holiday,beautiful在非重读音节中office,instead,finish,city,family,reallyo  在重读开音节中go,ago,nose,hope,whole,alone,hole,phone,smoke,joke  在重读闭音节中clock,sock,shop,dog,cross,cock,bottle,knock,song,strong 在m,n,v,th前love,son,some,mother,other   Woman 在某些重读开音节中move,lose,who,whose  one,once在非重读音节中today,tomorrow,together,second在非重读音节中onto,intou  在重读音节中use,student,duty,excuse,music 在重读闭音节中but,cut,up,nut,duck,luck,lunch,sunny在重读闭音节中put,pull,push,full在重读开音节中June,ruler在个别单词中busy,business在非重读音节中August B）辅音字母在单词中的读音辅音字母读音例词辅音字母读音例词b/b/Busp/p/mapc/s/niceq一般不单独发音 /k/Cupr/r/redd/d/Days/s/yesf/f/Fly/z/pleaseg  gate  sure  orange  usuallyh/h/Het/t/catjjeepv/v/livek/k/Kitew/w/wayl/l/Latex/ks/nextm/m/My  examplen/n/niney/j/year   unclez/z/zero重点辅音字母读音讲解：n在单词中的读音①n在一般情况下发/n/。如：kind,need,soon等。s在单词中的读音①s在单词开头通常读/s/。如：sit,stop等。②s后面的辅音字母发清辅音时读/s/。如：desk,past,question,mistake等。③以s结尾的复数名词，s前的辅音字母发清辅音时，词尾s读/s/。如：clocks,shops等。④ss在单词中读/s/。如pass,lesson等。⑤s在两个元音音素之间常读/z/。如：music/′mju:zik/,visit/′vizit/等。⑦加s构成的复数名词及单数第三人称动词形式中，s前面为浊辅音或元音时，s读/z/。如：bags,plays,blows,rulers等。 C）元音字母组合在单词中的读音   这类字母组合通常有两个元音字母组成，其中的元音字母组合有的只发一种音，有的发两种或两种以上的音。元音字母组合读音说     明例         词ea/i:/在重读音节中team,clean,sea,tea,east,cheap,easy,speak,season,read/e/在重读音节中head,bread,ready,weather,health在重读音节中idea,real,really/ei/在重读音节中great,breakai/ei/在个别重读音节词中train,rainwait,waiter/e/在重读音节中said,says/i/在非重读音节中ee/i:/在重读音节中see,bee,free,sheep,feel,meet,need,green,asleepey/ei/在重读音节中they,hey,obey（遵守）/i:/在个别重读音节词中key/i/在非重读音节中monkey,moneyeo/i:/在重读音节中peopleei/i:/在重读音节中receive/ri′si:v/（收到）/ei/在字母组合eigh中eight,eighteen,weighou 在重读音节中ground,round,around,out,mouse,blouse 在重读音节中young,country,touch,enough,double/u:/在个别重读音节词中group  在情态动词中could,should,wouldue/u:/e不发音blue/e/u不发音guess元音字母组合读音说     明例         词oo/u:/词尾或词中zoo,soon,food,cool,tooth,noon,fool在k或d前cook,look,took,good,foot,wood在l和d之间 oa 在重读音节中coat,goat,boatoy 在重读音节中boy,enjoy,joy,toyoi在重读音节中toilet,oil（油）ie/e/i不发音friend/i:/在重读音节中field,piece,thief（贼） 在个别单词中quiet/ai/在词尾lie,die,tieau 在重读音节中autumn,daughter,August  在个别重读音节词中auntay/ei/在重读音节中today,away,stay,may,say,play/i/在非重读音节中Monday,Sundayui/u:/在重读音节中fruitoe/u:/位于词尾shoeio在重读音节中pioneeruy/ai/重读音节，词尾buyye/ai/重读音节，词尾byeD)辅音字母组合在单词中的读音   这类字母组合通常有两个辅音字母组成，大部分辅音字母组合只有一种读音，有少数辅音字母组合有两种或两种以上读音。辅音字母组合读音说     明例         词ch 大部分单词中which,lunch,chair,China,teach/k/在少数单词中school,chemistry/′kemistri/（化学）  在个别单词中machineck/k/一般位于词尾clock,back,black辅音字母组合读音说     明例         词ng  在词尾sing,song,bring,seeing 在词中English,hungry,angry,strongersh在词首、词中或词尾shall,fishing,finish,wash ph/f/一般在词首phone,photo,physics/′fiziks/（物理）wh/h/后为o时who,whose,whole /w/后为其它元音字母时when,which,why,wheregh/f/一般在词尾laugh,enough,coughth 在词尾或以th开头的名词、动词、形容词、数词中both,tooth,fifth,south,thing,think,thick,third/ð/在ther中及代词、冠词、连词或副词中another,feather,them,with,than,thenwr/r/在词首write,wrong,writerkn/n/在词首tch   catch,match,watchdr/dr/一般位于词首drive,dry,dress,drinktr/tr/一般位于词首tree,truck,train,trousersds/dz/一般在词尾beds,finds,handsts/ts/一般在词尾students,lets,boats,cats,wantsE)元、辅音字母组合在单词中的读音 这类字母组合有两类：一类是一个或两个元音字母与r组合，构成-r音节或-re音节。这是主要一类元辅音字母组合。另一类是一个元音字母与除r以外的某个辅音字母组合。这类元辅音字母组合数量很少。元、辅音字母组合读音说   明例            词ar  重读音节中far,park,card,party,hard,start,March,farther,hardly（几乎不）在w后warm,war,warn(警告),quarter  非重读音节中popular,similarer  重读音节中her,term,certainly,prefer非重读音节中farmer,worker,writer,letter,waiter 元、辅音字母组合读音说    明例        词ir重读音节中girl,shirt,first,third,bird,dirtyor重读音节中short,sport,horse,born,north在w后work,word,world,worse,worst 非重读音节q中doctor,visitor（游客）ur重读音节中turn,hurt（受伤），Thursday,purple,purseare 重读音节中care,careful,hareear,   重读音节中near,hear,clear,dear,nearly重读音节中early,earth,learn,heard  少数词中tear,pear,bear(熊)  个别词中heartere重读音节中where,there重读音节中hereore重读音节中before,more,scoreire 重读音节中tired,hire(雇用)，fire（火）eer重读音节中deer（鹿），pioneerure  重读音节中sure非重读音节中pleasure,picture,treasure(财宝)eir 重读音节中theirair重读音节中chair,hair,pair,fair(金色的)our重读音节中four,fourth,course,pour(倒；灌注) 重读音节中hour非重读音节中colouroor一般读door,floor个别词中pooral一般读call,walk,talk,tall,small 以al开头的副词also,always,already,almost个别词中half 元、辅音字母组合读音说    明例        词ow 重读或非重读音节中slow,blow,show,snow,throw,window,yellow,borrow,tomorrow 重读音节中now,how,cow,down,brown ew     一般读/ju:/few,knew,news,newspaper  不规则动词过去式中threw,drew,flew,grew个别词中sew(缝纫)tion   一般读station,dictionary,operation  在s后questionaw    重读音节中draw,law（法律）dge    只有g发音bridge,fridge,judge（法官）igh    只有i发音light,night,bright,fight,highough只有ou发音bought,brought,thoughtaugh只有au发音daughter,taught,caughtind 三个字母都发音kind,find,mind,behindold 三个字母都发音sold,told,cold,holdF)不发音的字母和字母组合   英语单词的读音和拼写形式虽然联系紧密，但并不是完全对应的，有很多单词中的某一字母或几个字母不发音。单词不发音的字母中，既有元音字母或字母组合，也有辅音字母或字母组合。不发音的字母或字母组合给拼写单词带来了一定的困难，但也不是无规律可循的。请看下表：不发音的字母或字母组合说     明例        词e以e结尾的相对开音节词中rice,noseo构成成音节的-son中lesson,season,personugu在词首时guessea在个别词中beautifuluegue在词尾时dialogue,league 不发音的字母或字母组合说     明例        词b在词尾且其前面为字母m时climb,tomb/tu:m/坟墓g词尾为gn时sign,foreignkkn在词开头时know,knifenmn在词尾时autumn gh在i,ou,au后面时light,night,thought,daughterl在ould或个别含al的词中could,would,halfc在含tch的词中catch,watch,matchd在含dge的词中bridge,fridgewwr位于词首时write,wrong其它ss,rr,ff,mm只发一个字母的音lesson,worry,bell,office,swim-ming answer,hour,island,Wednesday含同一种读音的字母和字母组合A)按元音音素归纳元音字母及字母组合例 词元音字母及字母组合例 词eBeqq        itwineTheseiliveeeSheepeEnglisheaTeamowomeniePieceubusyipolicemanysydneyeoPeopleuibuildeyKey       aglad/e/eRestahaveeaHead/u:/urulerieFriendomoveaManyueblue 元音字母及字母组合例 词元音字母及字母组合例 词     aFast/u:/ooFoodarParkouGroupalHalfuiFruitearHeartoeShoeauAuntewGrew  uSunny        uFulloComeoWomanouYoungooCook   aWaterouCouldalTalk       erMotherorShortorDoctororeBeforearPopularourFour       erTermauAutumnirBird oarBoardurTurnawDrawearEarlyarWarmorWordoorDoor   uMusic   oDogewFewaWashueTuesdayauBecauseeueQueue  iTime      oSmokeiedie,pieoaRoadySkyowSnowyeBye      oyToyuyBuyoiJoin 元音字母及字母组合例 词元音字母及字母组合例 词  aDate      ouMouseayStayowTowneiEight  eZeroeyTheyeaIdeaeaGreatearNearaiWaiteerPioneerereHere     aParent      ureSureairChairoorPoorereWhere  ireTiredareCarefulieQuietearWearioPioneereirTheir  ourHourowerFlower/k/cCoat/s/cRicekKitesSideckBackssclasschchemist/h/hHello/f/fFastwhWhophPhoto/r/rRight       jJeepwrWritegOrange        chReach/z/zZootchCatchsNose/n/nNight      nThankknKnifengSing   sSure/w/wWetshFish whWhenchmachine