英语音标发音规则 14页

英语国际音标音标基础知识一．音节⒈什么是音节？⑴音节通常由一个元音加上一个或几个辅音构成，也可以由单独一个元音构成。此外，[l]、[m]、[n]在后面没有元音的情况下也可与它前面的辅音构成一个音节。:PronouncingAmericanEnglish一个音节通常是一个含有一个元音和一个或几个辅音的单词的一部分。一般来说，单词中元音的个数决定这个单词音节的个数。—《美国英语发音词典》⑵含有元音的音节和若干个辅音音素①只有一个元音音素（音节核peak）eyeourhourah②含有一个元音音素和音节尾（音节核peak+音节尾coda）amoughtease③含有一个元音音素、音节首和音节尾（音节首onset+音节核peak+音节尾coda）runmustfill④含有成音节辅音的音节辅音+成音节/l、m、n/bottlepeoplecottonbottom在像“bottle”这样的词中，非重读音节中根本没有元音，而全是辅音。我们把这样完全由辅音字母构成的音节叫做构成音节的辅音，简称“成音节”。⒉音节的分类⑴音节按读音可分为开音节和闭音节。开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节。在开音节中，这个元音字母发字母本身音。①绝对开音节是指元音字母后面没有辅音字母而构成的音节，如：wenoseeseateabee②相对开音节是指一个元音字母后面有一个辅音字母（除r外），最后是一个不发音的e构成的音节，如：namecakegamefacetimelikenicefinefivenosehomeusecute③闭音节是指元音字母后面有辅音字母（除r外）构成的音节，如：catondesknotleg⑵音节按是否重读可以分为重读音节和非重读音节。预备知识只含有一个音节的单词叫做单音节词；含有两个音节的单词叫做双音节词；含有三个或三个以上音节的单词叫做多音节词。①重读音节（重音）：在双音节词和多音节词中，有一个音节读得特别重，叫做重读音节，简称“重音”，用“"”来表示，加在重读音节的左上方。有些单词音节较多，除了重音外，还有次重音，用“ˌ”来表示。不重读的音节为非重读音节。单音节词作重读处理，但不标重音符号。标注单词重音一般规则如下：54321ˌ______"_________university[ˌju:nɪ"vɜ:sɪtɪ]"_________difficult["dɪfɪkəlt]"______study["stʌdɪ]___good[gʊd]②重读开音节：以元音字母结尾的重读音节叫重读开音节；重读闭音节：以辅音字母结尾的重读音节叫重读闭音节。应用：单词变形。14 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，双写词尾加ing变为现在分词，双写词尾加ed变为过去式和过去分词。但infer,refer,prefer三个词在变过去式、过去分词、现在分词时双写“r”,是重读开音节双写词尾。⒊音节的划分划分音节的方法：元音是构成音节的主体，辅音是音节的分界线。⑴两辅音之间不管有多少个元音，一般都是一个音节。如：beatbeauty⑵两个音节相邻处只有一个辅音字母时（除r和字母组合外），如前面是开音节，该辅音字母属于后面；如前面是闭音节，该辅音字母属于前面。如：stu-dentstud-y⑶两个音节相邻处有两个辅音字母时（除r和字母组合外），一个辅音字母归前一音节，一aaa个归后后一音节。如：run-nerwin-ter⑷两个音节相邻处有字母r时：①相邻处是rr时，前者属于前面，后者属于后面，且前者按重读闭音节规律发音。如：mar-ry②相邻处是“元音字母+r+其他辅音字母”时，r属于前面并按-r音节规律发音。如：far-ther③相邻处是“元音字母+r+元音字母”时，r属于前面。r前的元音字母按-re音节规律发音。如：dur-ing["djʊərɪŋ]⑸不能拆分的字母组合按字母组合划分音节。如：daugh-terfa-thertea-cher移行时：⑴要按音节移，连字符“-”位于行末（如picture）⑵单个字母的音节不能单独留在行末（如unit）或单独移至下行首（如city）⑶有连字符的在连字符处断开（如picture-book）上行：...pic-...u-...cit-...picture-下行：ture...nit...y...book（正确）（错误）（错误）（正确）⒋元音气流不受阻碍，声带振动；辅音气流受阻碍，清辅音声带不振动，浊辅音声带振动。⒌拼读方法辅音在前，元音在后，两者要相拼。先发出辅音，然后连续过渡到元音的口形，发出元音的声音，中间不要有停顿。元音在前，辅音在后，连续发出各自的音。⒍元音音素和辅音音素：分类一：单元音（12个）：长元音：[i:][ɑ:][ɜ:][u:][ɔ:]短元音：[ɪ][e][æ][ʌ][ə][ʊ][ɒ]双元音（8个）：[aɪ][eɪ][ɪə][əʊ][ʊə][aʊ][eə][ɔɪ]清辅音（11个）：[p][t][k][f][s][θ][ʃ][ts][tʃ][tr][h]浊辅音（15个）：[b][d][g][v][z][ð][ʒ][dz][dʒ][dr][l][r][m][n][ŋ]半元音（2个）：[w][j]分类二：元音：前元音：[i:][ɪ][e][æ]中元音：[ʌ][ə][ɜ:]后元音：[ɑ:][ɒ][ɔ:][ʊ][u:]双元音：[eɪ][aɪ][əʊ][aʊ][ɔɪ][ɪə][eə][ʊə]辅音：爆破音：[p][b][k][g][t][d][tr][dr]摩擦音：[f][v][s][z][ʃ][ʒ][θ][ð][ts][dz][r]14 鼻音：[m][n][ŋ]（舌）边音：[l]破擦音：[h][tʃ][dʒ]半元音：[w][j]国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系—从音标到字母和字母组合单元音：[i:]:⑴e:heshemewe⑵ea:teaeatmeat⑶ee:seetreesee⑷ei:receive⑸ey:key⑹i:policepolicemanpolicewomanmachine⑺eo:people⑻ie:piecefieldbelievethief[ɪ]:⑴a:orangecabbage⑵ay:Sundayholiday⑶e:beginEnglishprettycinema⑷ey:monkey⑸i:itisinbig⑹y:cityverysorry⑺u:busy⑻ui:buildbuilding⑼ai:captain[e]:⑴a:anymanyanyone⑵ai:said⑶ay:says⑷e:penbedyeseggdesk⑸ea:breadheadbreakfast⑹u:bury[æ]:a:bagamandatsad[ə]:⑴a:alongaboutbananaCananaChina⑵e:studentopenchildrendifferent⑶i:holidayApril⑷o:todaywelcomepolice⑸u:minusautumn⑹er:fathermotherbrothersister⑺or:doctorforgetmirror⑻ar:sugar⑼re:metretiredfire⑽ou:deliciousprevious⑾ur:surpriseSaturday⑿our:colour⒀ure:picturepleasure⒁oar:cupboard14 ⒂yr:martyrsatyr[ɜ:]:⑴ear:learnearthearlyheard⑵er:herterm⑶ir:firstgirlbirdskirtsirthird⑷or:workwordworld⑸ur:nurseturnhurtThursday⑹yr:myrtle⑺our:journalistjournal[ʌ]:⑴o:comenoneloveother⑵oo:bloodflood⑶ou:touchcountryenoughyoung⑷u:bussunbutcutupus[ɑ:]:⑴a:classbananafatherafter⑵al:halfpalm⑶ar:carfarparkarmstar⑷au:auntlaugh⑸ear:heart[ɒ]:⑴([w])a:wantwashwatchwhat⑵o:hotonnotsorry⑶ou:cough⑷au:Australia[ɔ:]:⑴(w)a:water⑵al:allballcallfallhallmallsmalltalktallwall⑶([w])ar:warmquarter⑷au:Augustautumndaughter⑸aw:drawsawlaw⑹oor:doorfloor⑺ore:morebefore⑻or:orforshortsport⑼ou:boughtbroughtthought⑽our:fouryour⑾awe:aweawedaweless⑿oar:boardblackboardcardboard⒀o:story[ʊ]:⑴o:womanwolf⑵oo:booklookgoodfoot⑶oul:couldwouldshould⑷u:putsugarfullpush[u:]:⑴ew:flewgrewreviewJew⑵o:dotowho⑶oo:toozoofoodpoolbootschool⑷ou:soupgroupthrough⑸u:blueglueJune⑹ui:fruitjuice⑺oe:shoe双元音：[aɪ]:⑴i:timelikenicefinefive⑵y:mybywhy⑶i(g):signhighlightright14 ⑷ie:dielietie[eɪ]:⑴a:namecakegameface⑵ai:raintrainwait⑶ay:daymayokayplaytoday⑷ei:veilvein⑸ei(gh):eighteighteeneighty⑹ey:they⑺ea:greatbreak[ɔɪ]:⑴oi:oiltoiletboilsoil⑵oy:boytoyemployee[aʊ]:⑴ou:outabouthouseblouse⑵ow:hownowcow[əʊ]:⑴o:gononosehome⑵ow:showknowyellowwindow⑶oa:goatboat⑷ou:shoulderthough⑸oe:woe[ɪə]:⑴e:zerocerealserious⑵ea:realreallyideacereal⑶ere:here⑷ear:eardearhearnearclear⑸eer:beerdeerpioneer[eə]:⑴air:airhairchair⑵are:carehareparent⑶ear:pearwearbear⑷ere:therewhere⑸eir:theirtheirs⑹a:Mary[ʊə]:⑴ure:sure⑵oor:poor⑶our:tour辅音：清辅成对辅音：[p]-[b][t]-[d][k]-[g][f]-[v][s]-[z][θ]-[ð][ʃ]-[ʒ][ts]-[dz][tʃ]-[dʒ][tr]-[dr]清音浊化：清辅音[p][t][k][tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不完全送气音，即发其浊辅音[b][d][g][dr]，但音标仍写成清辅音。如：sport[spɔ:t]，student["stju:dənt]，sky[skaɪ],street[stri:t]。但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读请辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。如：hostess["həʊstɪs]。[p]:⑴p:penmaphelpcheappencilpaper⑵pp:applehappyappear[b]:⑴b:bagbybedboybusblue⑵bb:rabbitcabbage[t]:⑴t:tentimenotgettable⑵tt:bottlebottomlittlepretty⑶ed:watchedwashedcookedhelpeddanced14 [d]:⑴d:deskdoordaydog⑵dd:adddaddymiddle⑶ed:playedcleanedclimbedansweredarrivedairedboiledemptiedenjoyedcried[k]:⑴c:catcomecutclockcrypicturebloc⑵cc:occasionaccordingoccupyacclaim⑶ch:schoolChristmaschemistrytechniquetechnologystomach⑷k:bookbikecakekiteKatelook⑸ck:blackduckclockjacketcock⑹q:Iraqcoq⑺que:uniquetechnique[g]:⑴g:gogirlbigget⑵gg:eggbiggerbiggest⑶gu:guess⑷gue:dialogue⑸gh:ghyllghost[f]:⑴f:fivefishfinefamilyfifteen⑵ph:photophoneelephantphotograph⑶gh:laughenough⑷ff:offcoffee[v]:⑴v:veryfivehave⑵f:of[s]:⑴c:nicecitycycle⑵s:sitsixsomebususeusdeskbooks⑶ss:missclassglassgrass⑷sc:sciencescene⑸ps:psalmpsywar[z]:⑴s:ishispleasemusiclosehusbandapples⑵es:leavesthieveskniveswives⑶z:zoozero⑷zz:buzz[θ]:th:threethankmonththin[ð]:⑴th:thisthewiththan⑵the:breathesoythe[ʃ]:⑴sh:sheshoeshortshopwash⑵s:sureAsia⑶c:specialsufficientdelicious⑷t:stationnationalpatient⑸ss:Russiaprofession⑹ch:machine[ʒ]:⑴s:usuallytelevisionpleasure⑵z:seizure⑶ge:garage[ts]:⑴ts:shirtshurtscoatscostsgoats⑵t’s:Let’s⑶tes:kitesgatesdates⑷zz:pizza[dz]:⑴ds:bedsbirdshandsfriends⑵des:decides[tʃ]:⑴ch:chairmuchlunchChina14 ⑵tch:watch⑶t:picturequestion[dʒ]:⑴g(e):agepagehugeorange⑵g:gentlegentlemangeneral⑶dge:bridgeporridgejudge⑷j:jumpjacketjustJuneJim⑸ch:sandwich[tr]:tr:treetriptrytruetruth[dr]:dr:dressdrivehundredchildren单个辅音：[h]:⑴h:heherhavehandheadhair⑵(w)h:whowhomwhose[l]:⑴l:letlookpleaselakepeople⑵ll:tellfulltillbell⑶(t)l(e):whistle[r]:⑴r:redrightthree⑵rr:sorryworryhurrycarrycarrot⑶(w)r:writewrong[m]:⑴m:manmeatmeettime⑵mm:commoncommunicate⑶m(b):climblamb⑷m(n):autumn[n]:⑴n:nameniceninenearunder⑵(k)n:knowknife⑶nn:Ann⑷(m)n:mnemonics[ŋ]:⑴ng:singlongyoungmorning⑵n(k):thankthinkinkpink⑶n(g):English[w]:⑴w:wewindowworkwalk⑵w(h):whatwhywherewhite[j]:⑴y:yesyouyearyellow⑵j:Jensenjahallelujahjaap⑶i:onionreviewmillionbillionbrilliantbehaviour⑷e:Europe国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系—从字母和字母组合到音标Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音a在重读开音节中读[eɪ]：namecakegamefacea在重读闭音节中读[æ]：bagamandatsada在辅音字母s,th,f,n,ph前读[ɑ:]：classfastgraspaskfatherafterdancegrapha在[w]后读[ɒ]或[ɔ:]：wantwhatwater[wɔ:tə]a在ny前读[e]：anymanya弱读时读[ə]：alongaboutbananaCananaChinaa在非重读音节中读[ɪ]：orangecabbage14 a读[eə]：Maryai读[eɪ]：raintrainwaitai读[ɪ]：captainai读[e]：saiday读[eɪ]：daymayokayplaytodayay弱读读[ɪ]：Sundayholidayay读[e]：saysair读[eə]：airhairchairal在多数辅音字母前读[ɔ:]（f,m除外）：allballcallfallhallmallsmalltalktallwallal还读[ɔ:l]（特别当后面不是k,f,m时）：alsosaltal在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]：halfpalmar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]：:carfarparkarmstarar在[w]后读[ɔ:]：warmquarterar弱读读[ə]：sugarare读[eə]：carehareparentass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]：classglassgrasspassau在重读音节中读[ɔ:]：Augustautumndaughterau读[ɒ]：Australiaau还读作[ɑ:]：auntlaughaw在重读音节中读[ɔ:]：drawsawlawawe读[ɔ:]：aweawedawelessⅡ.元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音e在重读开音节中读[i:]：heshemewee在重读闭音节中读[e]：penbedyeseggdeske在非重读音节中读[ɪ]：beginEnglishprettycinemae弱读读[ə]：studentopenchildrendifferente读[ɪə]：zerocerealseriouse读[j]：Europeea在重读音节中读[i:]：teaeatmeatea读[e]：breadheadbreakfastea读[eɪ]：greatbreakea读[ɪə]：realreallyideacerealear读[ɜ:]：learnearthearlyheardear读[eə]：pearwearbearear读[ɪə]：eardearhearnearclearear读[ɑ:]：hearted在大部分清辅音后读[t]（[t]除外）：watchedwashedcookedhelpeddanceded在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外)：playedcleanedclimbedansweredarrivedairedboiledemptiedenjoyedcrieded在[t][d]后读[ɪd]：wantedneeded14 ee在重读音节中读[i:]：seetreeseeeer读[ɪə]：beerdeerpioneerei读[i:]：receiveei读[eɪ]：veilveinei在gh前读[eɪ]：eighteighteeneightyeir读[eə]：theirtheirseo读[i:]：peopleer在重读闭音节中读[ɜ:]：hertermer在非重读音节中读[ə]：fathermotherbrothersisterere读[ɪə]：hereere读[eə]：therewherees在浊辅音（[ʃ][ʒ][dʒ]除外）及元音后，es发[z]：leavesthieveskniveswivespotatoestomatoesheroesNegroesgoesdoesfamiliesstorieses在[s][z][ʃ][ʒ][tʃ][dʒ]后读[ɪz]：busesblousesdishesgarageswatchesorangesew读[ju:]：newnewspaperreviewew在l,r,j后读[u:]：flewgrewJewex读[eks]：exerciseexitex读[ɪks]：excleexpensiveextinctex读[ɪgz]：examexaminationexactlyey读[i:]：keyey读[ɪ]：monkeyvalleyey读[eɪ]：theyⅢ.元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音i在重读开音节中读[aɪ]：timelikericei在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]：bigsixsiti读[i:]：policepolicemanpolicewomanmachinei弱读读[ə]：holidayAprili在非重读音节中读[ɪ]：taxii读[j]：onionreviewmillionbillionbrilliantbehaviouri在元音字母a,e,o前读[aɪ]：dialoguequietpioneeri在g前读[aɪ]：signhighlightrighti在nd前读[aɪ]：findbehindi在ld前读[aɪ]：childi在re前读[aɪ]：firetiredretireie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]：piecefieldbelievethiefie在重读音节词词尾读[aɪ]：liedieir在重读音节中读[ɜ:]：birdgirlfirstⅣ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音o在重读开音节中读[əʊ]：gononosehomeo在辅音字母st,ld前读[əʊ]：postoldo在重读闭音节中读[ɒ]：hotonnotsorry14 o读[ɔ:]：storyo在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[ʌ]：comenoneloveothero读[u:]：dotowhoo在w后读[ʊ]：womanwolfo在非重读音节中读[ə]：todaypolicemanoa在重读音节中读[əʊ]：boatcoatoar读[ɔ:]：boardblackboardcardboardoar读[ə]：cupboardoe读[əʊ]：woeoe读[u:]：shoeoi读[ɔɪ]：oiltoiletboilsoiloo一般读[u:]：toozoofoodpoolbootschooloo在d,k和少数t前读[ʊ]：booklookgoodfootoo读[ʌ]：bloodfloodoor读[ɔ:]：doorflooroor读[ʊə]：pooror在重读音节中读[ɔ:]：orforshortsportor在[w]后读[ɜ:]：workwordworldor读[ə]：doctorforgetmirrorore读[ɔ:]：morebeforeou在多数情况下读[aʊ]：outabouthouseblouseou在ght前读[ɔ:]：boughtbroughtthoughtou读[ʌ]：touchcountryenoughyoungou读[u:]：soupgroupthroughou读[əʊ]：shoulderthoughou读[ɒ]：coughou读[ə]：deliciouspreviousoul读[ʊ]：couldwouldshouldour读[ɔ:]：fouryourour读[ɜ:]：journalistjournalour读[ə]：colourour读[ʊə]：tourour读[aʊə]：ourhourow读[aʊ]：hownowcowow读[əʊ]：showknowyellowwindowowe或ower读[aʊə]：towelfloweroy读[ɔɪ]：boytoyemployeeⅤ.元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音u在重读开音节中读[ju:]：studentTuesdayu在重读闭音节中读[ʌ]：bussunbutcutupusu处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]：JunefluencyFebruarySueu在重读闭音节中还读[ʊ]：putsugarfullpush14 u在非重读音节中读[ə]：minusautumnu读[ɪ]：busyminuteu读[e]：buryui读[ju:]或[jʊɪ,ju:ɪ]：suitsuicidel,r,j+ui时，ui读作[u:]或[ʊɪ,u:ɪ]：sluisefruitjuicefluidruinui读[ɪ]：buildbuildingur在重读音节中读[ɜ:]：nurseturnhurtThursdayur读[ə]：surpriseSaturdayure读[ʊə]：sureure在非重读音节中读[ə]：picturepleasureure在重读音节中读[jʊə]：cureⅥ.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音b读[b]：bagbybedboybusbluebt,mb在词尾时，b不发音：debtclimbcombbb读[b]：rabbitcabbagec在字母e,i,y前读[s]：nicecitycycle应用：字母c后有e或i时，c发[s]，为保持发音不变，而加k，后加ing变现在分词，加ed变过去式和过去分词。高中阶段常见的几个词：picnic（野餐）、mimic（模仿）、traffic（交易、买卖）、panic（使恐慌；使惊慌失措）c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]：catcomecutclockcrypictureblocc+ia,ie,io时，c读[ʃ]：specialsufficientdeliciouscc+a,o,u或l时，cc读[k]：occasionaccordingoccupyacclaimcc+e,i时，cc读[ks]：acceptaccidentch读[tʃ]：chairmuchlunchChinach读[k]：schoolChristmaschemistrytechniquetechnologystomachch读[ʃ]：machinech读[dʒ]：sandwichck读[k]：blackduckclockjacketcockd读[d]：deskdoordaydogdd读[d]：adddaddymiddledge读[dʒ]：bridgeporridgejudgedr读[dr]：dressdrivehundredchildrends读[dz]：bedsbirdshandsfriendsdes读[dz]：decidesf读[f]：fivefishfinefamilyfifteenf读[v]：offf读[f]：offcoffeeften读[fən]：ofteng读[g]：gogirlbiggetg在e前读[dʒ]：agepagehugeorangeg读[dʒ]：gentlegentlemangeneralgg读[g]：eggbiggerbiggest14 ge读[ʒ]：garagegh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音：righteightstraightboughtdaughtergh读[f]：laughenoughgh在词首时，读[g]：ghyllghostgn,gm在词尾时，g常无声：signphlegmgu在词首读[g]：guessgu在词中读[gw]：languagegue在词尾读[g]：dialogueh读[h]：heherhavehandheadhairh不发音：hourwh读[w]：whatwhywherewhitewh在o前读[h]：whowhomwhosegh在词首时，h不发音：ghyllghostj读[dʒ]：jumpjacketjustJuneJimj读[j]：Jensenjahallelujahjaapk读[k]：bookbikecakekiteKatelookkn在词首时，k不发音：knowknifel读[l]：letlookpleaselakepeoplell读[l]：tellfulltillbellm读[m]：manmeatmeettimemb在词尾时，读[m]，b常无声：climbcombmm读[m]：commonmn在词首读[n]：mnemonicsmn在词中时，读[mn]：columnistmn在词尾时，n常无声：autumncolumnn读[n]：nameniceninenearundern在[k][g]前读[ŋ]：pinkEnglishn在k后读[n]：knowknifen在m后读[n]：mnemonicsnn读[n]：Annng在词尾读[ŋ]：singlongyoungmorningng在词中读[ŋg]：Englishfingernk读[ŋk]：thankthinkinkpinkp读[p]：penmaphelpcheappencilpaperpp读[p]：applehappyappearph读[f]：photophoneelephantphotographps在词首时，p常不发音：psalmpsywarq读[k]：Iraqcoqqu在词首读[kw]：queenquickque在词尾读[k]：uniquetechniquer读[r]：redrightthreerr读[r]：sorryworryhurrycarrycarrotwr读[r]：writewrongs在词首读[s]：sitsixsome14 s在清辅音后读[s]：bookslikess在浊辅音和元音后读[z]：appleswindowss读[z]（尤其是在两个元音字母之间）：hisispleasemusic元音字母+s+无音e：①n.,adj.读[s]：baseuse②v.读[z]：loseuse词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时，s读[s],其后跟浊辅音字母时，s读[z]：deskhusbands读[ʃ]：sureAsias读[ʒ]：usuallytelevisionpleasuresion读[ʒən]：televisiondecisionsten读[sən]：listenstle读[stl]：whistlesure读[ʒə]：pleasuresc+i,e,y读[s]：sciencescenescythesc+a,o,u读[sk]：scarfscorescudss读[s]：missclassglassgrassss读[ʃ]：Russiaprofessionssion读[ʃən]：expressionsh读[ʃ]：sheshoeshortshopwasht读[t]：tentimenotgettablet读[tʃ]:picturequestiontch读[tʃ]:watcht+ia,ie时，t读[ʃ]：martialpatientsten,ften,stle中，t无声：listenoftenwhistletes读[ts]：kitesgatesdatestt读[t]：bottlebottomlittleprettytion读[ʃən]：stationnationalpatient[s]+tion时读[tʃən]：questionth读[θ]：threethankmonththinth在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读[ð]：thisthewiththan词尾the读[ð]：breathesoythe词尾ther读[ðə]：fathermotherbrothersistertr读[tr]：treetriptrytruetruthts读[ts]：shirtshurtscoatscostsgoatst’s读[ts]：Let’sture读[tʃə]：picturev读[v]：veryfivehavew读[w]：wewindowworkwalkw不发音：twowh读[w]：whatwhywherewhitewh在o前读[h]：whowhomwhosewr在词首读[r]，w无声：writewrong14 x读[ks]：boxsixexcusenextx读[gz]：examexactexampley在重读开音节中读[aɪ]：mybywhyy在重读闭音节中读[ɪ]：cityverysorryy在词首读[j]：yesyouyearyellowyr读[ɜ:]：myrtleyr读[aɪə]：martyrsatyryre读[ə]：tyrebyrez读[z]：zoozeroz读[ʒ]：seizurezz读[z]：buzzzz读[ts]：pizza14