英语音标学习资料整理.doc 9页

英语音标表（48个）元音（20个）蓝色（OriginalVersionOfIPA）长元音/ɑ://ɔ:// ɜ:/ə:/i://U:/短元音/ʌ//ɒ/ɔ/ə//ɪ//ʊ/u/e//æ//eI/eɪ/aI/aɪ/ɔI/ɔɪ双元音/ɪə//eə/εə/ʊə/uə/əʊ/əu/aʊ/au辅音（28个）轻辅音/p// t// k//f//θ//s//ʃ// h//ts//tʃ//tr/ 浊辅音/b//d/ /g//v//ð/ /z//ʒ// r/ /dz/ /dʒ//dr/ 鼻音/m//n/ /ŋ/ 半元音/ j//w/边音/ ǀ/英语音标及字母组合对照元音:1)/ʌ/发音字母uoouooupsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbusmotherdoeslovetroubleroughbloodflood2)/ɑ:/发音字母araalcarfarmcardarmgardenfastclasslastglassplantcalmhalfauntheart3)/ɒ/ɔ发音字母oaouhotlostlotfoxboxhoplosscollarnotwantwashwatch4)/ɔ:/发音字母alororeooauourouarawSmallwalltalktallballwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportstoredoorfloorauthorcaughtautumn fourcourtboughtbroughtwarmwarnquarterlawsaw5)/ə/发音字母erorouaroaeuurteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerdoctoractorauthordeliciousfamiliardollartomorrowtodaylessonpolitecontrolaroundagoelephantbananaCanadaJapanmenlistenfamulusSaturday6)/ ɜ:/ə:发音字母irurearerorbirdgirlskirtthirdturnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerlearnearnearthheardtermherserveworkworld7)/ɪ/发音字母iyeuiuayasitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitmanyhappytwentydictionarydecidebuildyesterday8)/i:/发音字母:eeeaeieei（eoeyi）threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeatteameatteachermeanspeakheshemepiecebelievereceiveceiling9)/ʊ/u发音字母ooouuolookgoodfootbookwoodshouldcouldputfullpushwomanwolf 10)/U:/发音字母ooououfoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothdowhomprovemovetworudetrueblueyougroup11)/e/发音字母eaea（ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay）headbreadpleasurefeatherelephantremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskyesmanyany12)/æ/发音字母abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackgladflagman13)/eɪ/eI发音字母eiaayeaaieyeightnamecakelategateplaneAprilplaysaywaygreatbreakrainplainpaintpaidtheyheygrey14)/aɪ/aI发音字母iyuybikefinefinddieninelightnighthighmytryflyeyebuyguy15)/ɔɪ/ɔI发音字母oyoiboytoyjoyenjoyoilsoilvoicechoice16)/ɪə/发音字母eerearerebeerdeerearnearhereidea17)/eə/εə发音字母earairerearepearbearchairairfairtherewherecaredare18)/ʊə/uə发音字母ourooruretourpoorsure 19)/əʊ/əu发音字母oowoahomecoldnophonehostghostknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowboatcoatgoal20)/aʊ/au发音字母ouowhouseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudflowerdownnowcowhowtown辅音：1.爆破音音标对比：/k//g// t//d//p//b/发音字母：c/k/ckgtdpbkeepgetteadeedputbookkidgainteamdeeppenbedcakebegneatneedpetbetpickpigbetbedpullball2.摩擦音音标对比：/f//v//θ//ð/发音字母：f/phvththlifelivethickthisfivevotethemethanphysicsvisitteeththey音标对比：/s//z//ʃ//ʒ/发音字母：s/cs/zsh/ch/ci/ti/sisi/ssinkzipactiontreasurepasszoomachinemeasureadvicehisfinishrevisionAsia、ancient 3.破擦音音标对比:/tr//dr//ts//dz//tʃ//dr/发音字母：trdrtsdschj/ge/treedreambetsbedschessjobtrydryseatsseedschildrenenergytreatdrawnetsneedsmatch4)鼻音音标对比：/m//n//ŋ/发音字母：mnngnSomenoonsingComenosesongMapnotekingMoonnothingthank5)其他音标：/h//r/ /j//w//ǀ/发音字母：h/whr/wryw/whLHotraceyearwaitletHouseredyeswideleapHorserightyardwhatdealWholewrongyoungwhilesaleWhowriteyetwhenbeltWhse【注意】wh在元音字母O前才发/h/ 语音知识:1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u2)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.3)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。4)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。5)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap"ple，stu"dent，tea"cher，un"der"stand。6)开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebikehomedue;b)辅音+元音he，go，hi。7)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)元音+辅音it。8)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。读音规则　　1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。　　2)非重读音节[]banana，student，today，after，[i]orange，secret，evening，very，Monday。特殊读音　　1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。notatall，halfanhour，Iloveyouandall、afterall。　　2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。goodgirl，goodstudent，goodjob，expression，school，extreme。　　3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。Wouldyoudoit?Iamgladtomeetyou、Can"tyouseeit?lastyear，thisyear。重音　　A)双音节词　　a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter，sorry。　　b)有a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a"bout，be"lieve，ad"dress，de"cide，re"port，con"demn，res"pect，com"pare，in"form，dis"cuss，im"press，mis"take，en"force，pre"pare，em"ploy，per"mit，es"cape，pro"duce，ex"claim，trans"latec)有de-，in-，re-，con-，pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。"record，re"cord;"insult，in"sult;"conduct，con"duct;"presentpre"sent;"content，con"tent。 　　d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-，等的词，有两个重音。"out"side，"re"tell，"well-"known，"un"real，"fif"teen，"Chi"nese，"pre-"war，"post-"war。　　B)多音节词　　a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。"difficult，"communist，"family，e"conomy，oppor"tunity，de"mocracy。　　b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音"carefully，in"definite，"comfortable，con"ductor，ac"cording，dis"turbance，"complicated，es"tablishment。　　c)词尾有-eous，-grahpy，-ial，-ian，-ic，-ics，-ience，ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour"teous，cal"ligraphy，edi"torial，his"torian，peri"odic，mathe"matics，ex"perience，suf"ficient，i"dentify，trans"lation，re"ligious，curi"osity，pro"tective。　　d)词尾有-ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter"tain，emplo"yee，mountai"neer，Japa"nese，ciga"rette。一些特殊规则：lS后的清辅音/ k//p// t/要浊化为/g//b//d/音。如：skyskillstopstudentspacesportl字母组合tion有两种发音/tʃn/,/ʃən/如:/tʃn/question/ʃən/situationnationinvitationl有些单词中某些字母不发音如：hourclimbChristmasknowlistenl一般情况开音节发本音（如辅＋元＋辅＋e的结构）a[eɪ]cake,face,table,grade,…have[æ]除外e[i:]these,he,she,be,we…I[aɪ]mine,ride,time,…give,live[ɪ]除外o[əʊ]nose,those,hope,…(另外，‘o’后是m,n,v,th，发[ʌ]如：love,some,come，glove，brother，mother;whose,whom[u:]除外。)U[ju:]cute,use闭音节一般不发本音（如辅＋元＋辅的结构）a[æ]cat,black,glad,…e[e]bed,left,help,… I[ɪ]big,milk,think,…o/ɒ/ɔhot,stop,clock,…u[ʌ]bus,sun,but,…put,pull[ʊ]除外l仅一种发音的字母组合：ai,ay[eɪ]rain，playal[ɔ:]all,walktalkhalf[ɑ:]除外oa[əʊ]coat,boatch[tʃ]chair,Chinaschool[k]除外ck[k]duck,clocksh[ʃ]shirt,shoes还有sure[ʃ]la前是辅音[w]时，a发/ɒ/ɔ,如：want,what,watch,wallet,washa后是字母ss,s,f,n时，一般发[ɑ:]，如grass，class，ask，after,…i后是ld,nd结尾时,i发[aɪ]，如：find,kind,child,behind,…一些常用字母组合的发音：ar[ɑ:]farmfarfartherpark[ɔ:]quarterwarmair[eə]chairhairhairdryerpairairportear[ɪə]dearyearearearphonenearhear[eə]bearpear[ɜ:]learnearlyere[ɪə]here[eə]wherethere[ɜ:]wereea[eɪ]great[e]headsweaterbreakfastreadybreadheadacheheavy[i:]speakpeachbeacheachpleasereadreading-roomteacherteacheatseatteateapotmeatice-creamEastermean[ɪə]reallyideatheatreee[i:]seeeighteenthreegreensweettreeHalloweenneedstreetsweepweekender[ɜ:]herhersterm [ə]brotherdaughterfathermothersisterteachernumbertigerafterfloweror[ə]doctorvisitormirrorcalculator[ɜ:]workworkerwordworld[ɔ:]forfortymorningshortsportforkhorseNewYorkordermorebeforeir/ur[ɜ:]birdgirlbirthdayshirtskirtthirdcirclethirstythirtysirfirstturnpursenursehamburgersurfThursdayhurtigh[aɪ]nightbrightrightlightfighthighheight[eɪ]eightweightoo[ʊ]cookfootfootballclassroombedroombathroomlookgoodgoodbyebookbookcasestorybook[u:]foodschooltoozoocoolroombroomnoodletoothtoothacheafternoonsoonballoonspoonmooncartoonou[ʌ]countrycountrysidetouchyoungcousin[aʊ]cloudyshoutabouthousehouseworkblousegroundmountainsoundtrousersmouthmousearoundloudlyout[əʊ]shoulder[ʊ]shouldwouldow[aʊ]howdowntownbrownflowernowcow[əʊ]rowknowyellowbowlwindowfollowHalloweentomorrowshowglowgrowblowslowlowsnowsnowysnowballth[θ]mouththinkthinthanktheatrebathroomthreethirdthirteenthirtythirstyanythingsomething[ð]brotherfathermotherthethisthesethatthosetheythemtheirthenwiththerethanEd[d]listenedplayedanswered…（元音、浊辅音结尾）[t]jumpedhelpedlikedmilkedcookedpickedwashedwatcheddancedstopped（清）[ɪd]tastedcollectedvisitedwantedplantedstarted(t,d结尾的单词)