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英语国际音标与语音速成
英语国际音标简介音素是语音的最小单位,一个音素就是一个音。48音素元音辅音音标是用于标记读音的符号,也就是音素的书面符号。英语音标的作用相当于汉语的拼音。国际音标是国际语音协会制定的一套语音符号。26字母元音字母辅音字母音标在标注字母或单词的读音时,音标外要用方括号[]或两条斜线∕∕括起来,以免与单词或字母混淆。
元音是指发音时气流通过口腔或鼻腔时,不受任何阻碍,同时声带振动。英语中的元音共有20个。辅音是指发音时,气流从肺部压出来后,通过口腔或鼻腔时受到各发音器官的阻碍,如受到唇、齿、舌、咽喉等的阻碍而形成的音。英语中的辅音音素按发音时声带是否振动可以分为11个清辅音和17个浊辅音。清辅音发音时声带不振动,浊辅音发音时声带振动。
/i:/★发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部尽量抬高。(2)双唇扁平,牙床几乎半合。(3)这是长元音,发音时嘴角向旁伸,做微笑状,并要有一定的延长。★发音练习
me [mi:]see [si:]sea [si:]meet[mi:t] heat [hi:t]need [ni:d] free [fri:]feel ["fi:l] bee[bi:]
We/wi:/我们me/mi:/我(宾格)she/ʃi:/她knee/ni:/膝盖Tree/tri:/树Chinese/tʃaini:z/Sheep/ʃi:p/羊three/θri:/三canteen/cænti:n/These/ði:z/这些
朗读下面的句子(1)Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.(2)Whichwouldyoulike,blackteaorgreentea?(3)Canyouseethegreentree?(4)Thereisakeyontheseat.(5)Doyouliketoeatmeat?
注意事项◆/ɪ/与/i:/发音的不同(1)这是两个不同的音素,/i:/不是/ɪ/的单纯加长。它们的发音口腔部位不完全相同。(2)发/ɪ/音时,口腔肌肉松弛;发/i:/时口腔肌肉紧张。(3)/ɪ/是短元音,发音短促;/i:/是长元音,发音细长。
/ɪ/★发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,音短促。(2)双唇扁平,牙床半合,上下齿之间可放入一个小指尖。口腔肌肉松弛。★发音练习
////////////pigbigdigkidkickpick猪大的挖小孩子踢采摘ⅰⅰⅰⅰⅰⅰ
ⅰⅰⅰⅰⅰ//////////kisssitclipsixchips吻坐回形针六炸薯条
Milk/milk/牛奶hit/hit/打,击中minute/minit/分钟city/siti/城市fish/fiʃ/鱼hill/hil/小山window/windəʊ/窗happy/kæpi/快乐fit/fit/适合的thin/θin/瘦的rabbit/ræbit/兔子live/liv/居住is/iz/是this/ðis/这个music/mju:zik/音乐his/hiz/他的fifteen/fifti:n/十五
朗读下面的句子(1)Thisisapig.(2)Jimisasthinasapin.(3)Dickoftensitsonthehill.(4)Billlivesinthisvillage.(5)Itisapity,thiscityistoonoisy.
/e/★发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬高。(2)双唇中常,上下齿间可容下一食指,口腔肌肉松弛。★注意事项(1)发/e/音时,口不能张得太大。(2)要避免舌头随便移动,从而发成其他的双元音。★发音练习
朗读下面的单词leg [leɡ]tell [tel]desk[desk]bed [bed]bread [bred]
Leg/leg/腿egg/eg/鸡蛋Bed/bed/床desk/desk/桌子Pen/pen/笔elephant/elifənt/大象get/get/获得seven/sevən/七Yes/jes/是的eleven/ɪlevən/十一
////////////bedbeltpetegglegdesk床腰带宠物蛋腿书桌
朗读下面的句子(1)Itisnevertoolatetomend.(2)Hehasalreadypassedthetest.(3)Freshvegetablesaregoodforourhealth.(4)Somanymen,somanyminds.(5)Let’sgetreadyforthelesson.
/æ/★发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬高,音短促。(2)双唇向两边平伸,成扁平形。上下齿间可容两指宽度。口腔肌肉松弛。★发音练习
//////////adbadsaddadbag爸爸坏的伤心的广告书包
////////batcatcapblack蝙蝠/球拍猫帽子黑色的p
朗读下面的句子(1)Asamatteroffact,themanisfat.(2)Thecatcatchesafatrat.(3)Afatmanranafterablackcat.(4)Shehasablackbag.(5)Mackcomesbackverylate.
/ɑ:/art [ɑ:t]hard [hɑ:d]star [stɑ:]card [kɑ:d]dark ["dɑ:k]arm [ɑ:m]start [stɑ:t]
朗读下面的句子(1)Thereisalargeparknearthefarm.(2)Afastcarpassedthroughthepark.(3)Herfatheriscountingthestarsinadarkhouse.(4)Hedidn’tpasstheexam,forit’sratherhard.(5)Herfartherputthecardintothebasket.
/ə/★注意事项/ə/不出现在重读音节中,在词首或词中时发音较模糊,在词尾时适当拖长。★发音练习
ago [ə"ɡəu]panda ["pændə]brother ["brʌðə]sister ["sistə]winter ["wintə]river["rivə]breakfast[‘brekfəst]
朗读下面的句子(1)Heryoungersisterisateacher.(2)Didyouforgetthefamouswriter’sname?(3)Aftersupper,hewenttovisithisyoungerbrother.(4)Thereisaneraserunderthecomputer.(5)Thesecondpicturedrewbymybrotherisverybeautiful
/ ɜ:/her[hə:]bird [bə:d]work [wə:k]shirt [ʃə:t]girl [ɡə:l]skirt [skə:t]
/Ə:n//nƏ:s//sƏ:v//hƏ:t//bƏ:d//tƏ:m//hƏ://sƏ://hƏ:d//Ə:n/
朗读下面的句子(1)Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.(2)Therearethirteengirlsinthethirdpicture.(3)Pleaseturntopagethirtyandreadthefirstdialogue.(4)Thenurseinadirtyskirtisfeedingthebird.(5)Hehaswrittenthirtypoemsthisterm.
/ʌ/★注意事项发/ʌ/时,声音要短促,不能拖泥带水。★发音练习
fun [fʌn]bus [bʌs]must [mʌst]cut [kʌt]luck [lʌk]sun [sʌn]son [sʌn]duck [dʌk]
朗读下面的句子(1)Whatcolouristhisbus?(2)Hersonlovesnothingbutmoney.(3)It’sSunday,butyoumustgetupnow.(4)HercousincutherfingerlastMonday.(5)Hedoesn’thaveenoughmoney,butheisgoingtotakehismothertovisittheGreatWall.
/ɒ/hot [hɔt]foxstop [stɔp]dognot [nɔt]potbox [bɔks]clocksorry ["sɔri]what[wɔt]
朗读下面的句子(1)Igotajobasapopsongsinger.(2)Barkingdogsdonotbite.(3)---What’sthis?---It’saclock.(4)Therearemanyhotdogsintheshop.(5)Thedogstoppedonthetopofthehill.
/ɔ:/door [dɔ:]law [lɔ:]call [kɔ:l]more [mɔ:]small [smɔ:l]story ["stɔ:ri]tall[tɔ:l]
朗读下面的句子(1)Lookbeforeyouleap.(2)It’swarmtoday.(3)Pleaseopenthedoor.(4)Georgesawadooronthewall.(5)Yourdaughterwhoistallhasboughtfourballs.
/ʊ/put[put]book [buk]good [ɡud]look [luk]cook [kuk]foot [fut]
朗读下面的句子(1)Theclassroomisfullofbooks.(2)Sheisagood-lookingcook.(3)Moresugarshouldbeputinthecoffee.(4)Heislookingforagoodbook.(5)Isometimescookwithabooknearmyrightfoot.
/U:/shoe [ʃu:]food [fu:d]cool [ku:l]room [ru:m]noodle ["nu:dl]
国际英文26个字母及发音音标26个英文字母及发音音标如下:Aa[ei] Bb[bi:] Cc[si:]Dd[di:] Ee[i:] Ff[ef]Gg[dʒi:] Hh[eitʃ] Ii[ai]Jj[dʒei] Kk[kei] Ll[el]Mm[em] Nn[en] Oo[eu]Pp[pi:] Qq[kju:] Rr[a:]Ss[es] Tt[ti:] Uu[ju:]Vv[vi:] Ww[′dʌblju:] Xx[eks]Yy[wai] Zz[zi:][zed]
以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:1)含元音音素[ei]字母:AaHhJjKk音标: [ei] [eitʃ] [dʒei] [kei]2)含元音音素[i:]字母: Bb CcDdEe音标:[bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:]字母:GgPpTtVv音标:[di:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]3)含元音音素[e]字母: Ff Li MmNn音标:[ef] [el] [em] [en]字母: Ss XxZz音标:[es] [eks] [zed]
4)含元音音素[ju:]字母:UuQqWw音标:[ju:] [kju:] [`dblju:]5)含元音音素[ai]字母: IiYy音标: [ai] [wai]
/eɪ/make [meik]date [deit]data ["deitə]cake [keik]wait [weit] name[neim]lake [leik] table ["teibl]
/aɪ/fly [flai] cry [krai]my[mai]kind [kaind]buy [bai]
/ɔɪ/boy [bɔi] toy [tɔi]oil [ɔil] noise [nɔiz]voice [vɔis]
/aʊ/out [aut] now [nau]how [hau]house [haus]mouth [mauθ]
/əʊ/coat [kəut] cold [kəuld]boat [bəut]know [nəu]old [əuld] low [ləu]NogoSoOldHomeThoserose
/ɪə/ear [iə] near [niə]clear [kliə] here [hiə]media ["mi:diə]beer [biə] deer [diə]
/eə/air [εə] hair [hεə]share [ʃεə] pear [pεə]hardware ["hɑ:dwεə]
/ʊə/tour [tuə] poor[puə]sure [ʃuə]
p[p]penpicturejeepmapb[b]bikebusbookboxt[t]tentwoboatmeetd[d]deskdownbirdgoodk[k]cakeKatethankclockg[g]goodgirleggbags[s]sitseeyesclassz[z]ishisthesezero辅音字母:
/f/finefivefourfamilyfacefloorfriend/v/verysevenhavelovegloveovereleven/θ/thinthinkthankthreethirteenthirtytenth/ð/thisthatthesethosetherefathermother
/m/mymapamgame/n/ninenewtenson/ŋ/morningwrongthinkthank
/h/hehatherehill/r/redrightbrownroom/j/yesyouyouryellow/w/wewomanwherewhite/l/LookHelloFloorfamily
[ʃ]cash [kæʃ]share [ʃεə]she [ʃi:] sheep [ʃip]shop [ʃɔp] fish [fiʃ][Ʒ]usual ["ju:ʒuəl] leisure ["leʒə]pleasure ["pleʒə]
[tr]tree [tri:]try [trai]train [trein]true [tru:]truth [tru:θ] trade [treid]train[trein][dr]dry [drai] draw [drɔ:]drum [drʌm] dream [dri:m]dress [dres] driver [draivə]
[tʃ]cheap [tʃi:p] search [sə:tʃ]chair [tʃeə] watch [wɔ:tʃ]match [mætʃ][dƷ]job [dʒɔb] orange ["ɔrindʒ]Japan [dʒə"pæn] just [dʒʌst]message ["mesidʒ]