英语音标入门 18页

英语音标入门一．英语共有48个音素，元音20个(发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍)辅音28个（发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍）元音/i://ɪ//e//æ//ɜ://ə//ɑ://ʌ//ɔ://ɔ//U://ʊ//eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ//əʊ//aʊ//ɪə//eə//ʊə/清辅音(发音的时候声带不振动,发音部位比较靠前，在口腔前部，不振动声带，发音的时候感觉人在往前倾,)/p//t//k//f//θ//s//ʃ//tʃ//tr//ts//h/ 浊辅音(发音的时候声带要振动,发音部位比较靠后，在轰隆部位，发音时候感觉头在往后倾)/b//d//g//v//ð//z/ /ʒ//dʒ//dr/ /dz//r//m//n//ŋ/ /ǀ//w//j/s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化,/p//t//k/它们浊化后，分别发成:/b//d//g/二．具体发音元音/i:/behecreameatgreenneed/ɪ/bigcity/e/anymanybedbestbreakfast/æ/atbag/ɜ:/herbirthfirst/ə/helloruler/ɑ:/afternoonclassartcard/ʌ/colorcomeyoungcountrybusbut/ɔ:/allalsoreportshortmorestore/ɔ/wantwatchclockfromyourfour/U:/domoviecoolfoodyougroup /ʊ/put/eɪ/agecasedayMaygreat/aɪ/icelikenight/ɔɪ/boytoy/əʊ/gonoboatcoatshowknow/aʊ/foundsoundhownow/ɪə/reallydearyear/eə//ʊə/辅音/p/penplay/t/tabletake/k/callcankeykidschoolblackrock/f/familyfatherlaughcoughphonephoto/θ/thankthing/s/citysadsalad/ʃ/suresugarmachinesheshoe/tʃ/futurenaturalchairchesswatchmatch/tr/triptrumpet/ts/batshats/h/hathavewho/b/bagball/d/daddate/g/gamegetguardguess/v/videoviolin /ð/thatthis/z/ishiszerozigzag/ʒ/usuallypleasure/dʒ/biologygiraffejobjoin/dr/drawdrawer/dz/bedscards/r/redrulerwrite/m/manymathclimbautumn/n/namenicesignforeignknow/ŋ/sign/ǀ/lastlate/w/wantwatchwhatwhy/j/yearyes三．单词重音（wordstress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[bɛd],dad[dæd].由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny ["fʌnɪ] ，famous ["feməs] 由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious [dɪ"lɪʃəs] 英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“’”表示，如about [ə"baut]。有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。如anybody ["ɛnɪ,bɑdɪ]。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary [,dɑkjə"mɛntərɪ]，grandfather ["grænd,fɑðɚ]。四．句子重音（sentencestress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。 一月至十二月:January-February-March-April-May-June-July-August-September-October-November-December春夏秋冬:spring,summer,fall,winter时间：second秒,minute分,quarter一刻钟,hour小时,day天,week周,month月,year年century世纪,morning早晨,noon中午,afternoon下午night傍晚,midnight深夜星期：Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday 星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期天1—100：onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwenty twenty-onetwenty-twotwenty-threetwenty-fourtwenty-fivetwenty-sixtwenty-seventwenty-eighttwenty-ninethirtythirty-onethirty-twothirty-threethirty-fourthirty-five thirty-sixthirty-seventhirty-eightthirty-ninefortyforty-oneforty-twoforty-threeforty-fourforty-fiveforty-sixforty-sevenforty-eightforty-ninefiftyfifty-onefifty-twofifty-threefifty-fourfifty-fivefifty-six fifty-sevenfifty-eightfifty-ninesixtysixty-onesixty-twosixty-threesixty-foursixty-fivesixty-sixsixty-sevensixty-eightsixty-nineseventyseventy-oneseventy-twoseventy-three seventy-fourseventy-fiveseventy-sixseventy-sevenseventy-eightseventy-nineeightyeighty-oneeighty-twoeighty-threeeighty-foureighty-fiveeighty-six eighty-seveneighty-eighteighty-nineninetyninety-oneninety-twoninety-threeninety-fourninety-fiveninety-sixninety-sevenninety-eightninety-nineonehundred 一月至十二月:January-February-March-April-May-June-July-August-September-October-November-December春夏秋冬:spring,summer,fall,winter时间：second秒,minute分,quarter一刻钟,hour小时,day天,week周,month月,year年century世纪,morning早晨,noon中午,afternoon下午night傍晚,midnight深夜星期：Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday 星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期天1—100：onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwenty twenty-onetwenty-twotwenty-threetwenty-fourtwenty-fivetwenty-sixtwenty-seventwenty-eighttwenty-ninethirtythirty-onethirty-twothirty-threethirty-fourthirty-five thirty-sixthirty-seventhirty-eightthirty-ninefortyforty-oneforty-twoforty-threeforty-fourforty-fiveforty-sixforty-sevenforty-eightforty-ninefiftyfifty-onefifty-twofifty-threefifty-fourfifty-fivefifty-six fifty-sevenfifty-eightfifty-ninesixtysixty-onesixty-twosixty-threesixty-foursixty-fivesixty-sixsixty-sevensixty-eightsixty-nineseventyseventy-oneseventy-twoseventy-three seventy-fourseventy-fiveseventy-sixseventy-sevenseventy-eightseventy-nineeightyeighty-oneeighty-twoeighty-threeeighty-foureighty-fiveeighty-six eighty-seveneighty-eighteighty-nineninetyninety-oneninety-twoninety-threeninety-fourninety-fiveninety-sixninety-sevenninety-eightninety-nineonehundred