英语音标和常用句子 27页

PhoneticAlphabet 一、学好音标的重要性发音是学英语十分关键的一步，发音不正确就听不准、读不好，更谈不上用英语交流。学习英语听、说、读、写四种能力不可偏废，而正确的发音是基础，音标的学习更是基础的基础。二、音标的分类1.英语国际英标有48个，其中20个原音，28个辅音。2.原音可分为长元音（5个）、短元音（6个）和双元音（8个）。3.辅音可分为清辅音、浊辅音、鼻音、半元音和边音。音标学习 1.音素:音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素。2.音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。3.元音:发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音。4.辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音。5.开音节①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。公式:辅音+一个元音例如：no,she,he,we,by........②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。公式:一个元音+一个或几个辅音+不发音的e。例如：name,these,bike,home,excuse,like定义 6.闭音节元音+辅音或元音+辅音+辅音7.重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节。8.清辅音：发音时声带不振动的辅音叫做清辅音。浊辅音：发音时声带震动、不送气的叫浊辅音。 长元音：/a:/,/ɔ:/,/ə:/,/i:/,/u:/短元音：/ʌ/,/ɔ/,/ə/,/i/,/u/,/e/,/ae/双元音：/ei/,/ai/,/ɔi/,/iə/,/εə/,/uə/,/əu/,/au/清辅音：/p/,/t/,/k/,/f/,/θ/,/s/,/ʃ/,/h/,/tʃ/,/ts/,/tr/浊辅音：/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/,/ð/,/z/,/ʒ/,/r/,/dʒ/,/dz/,/dr/鼻音：/m/,/n/,/ŋ/半元音：/j/,/w/边音：/l/ 元音及字母组合对照1.［i:］字母组合：ee,ea,e,ie,ei,eoForexample:three,tree,green,sheep,meet,beef,see,seekeat,tea,meat,leave,lead,teacher,team,mean,speakhe,she,mepiece,receive,ceilingpeople2.［i］字母组合：i,y,eForexample:sit,picture,it,is,list,six,mix,fit,miss,pig,bigmyth,many,twenty,happy,dictionarydefect,decide,delicious3.［ae］字母组合：aForexample:bag,hand,cat,and,happy,map,mad,black,back,bad4.［e］字母组合：ea,e,aForexample:head,bread,pleasureelephant,bed,sell,lesson,section,bettermany,any 5.[ə:]字母组合：ir,ur,ear,er,orForexample:shirt,skirt,thirty,thirteen,third,birdturn,burn,murder,nurse,turtle(鬼，海龟),Thursday,burgerlearn,earn,earth,heardterm,her,nerd（呆子）,servework,worm(虫，蠕虫),world6.[ə]字母组合：er,or,ou,ar,o,a,e,urForexample:teacher,leader,remember,player,speaker,farmer,powderdoctor,actor,mayor,author,tractordelicious,graciousfamiliar,collar,dollartogether,tomorrow,today,lessonaround,account,ago,bananalistenSaturday7.[a:]字母组合：ar,aForexample:car,farm,card,arm,gardenfast,class,last,glass,plant 8.[ʌ]发音字母：u,o,ou,ooForexample:up,supper,lunch,fun,gun,hunt,cup,buscome,mother,brother,lovetrouble,rough,flourish(兴旺，繁荣)blood,flood9.[ɔ:]字母组合：al,or,oor,au,our,ou,arForexample:small,wall,talk,tall,hall,ball,call,walkshort,more,lord,horse,for,forty,sportdoor,floorauthor,caught,autumnfour,mourn(哀悼，哀伤v.),courtboughtwarm,quarrel（争吵v.）,quarter(四分之一)10.[ɔ]发音字母：o,aForexample:lost,lot,fox,box,mop(拖把n./v.),loss,collarwantwash 11.[u:]字母组合：oo,o,uForexample:food,moon,room,broom(扫帚),doom(厄运，注定v.),toothdo,twotruth,full12.[u]字母组合：oo,ou,u,oForexample:look,good,foot,bookshould,couldput,full,bull(公牛),pull,pushwoman13.[ei]发音字母：a,ay,ea,ai,eyForexample:name,cake,late,gate,planeplay,say,may,waygreat,breakrain,paint,plain(平原，简单的)they,grey14.[ai]发音字母：i,y,eyeForexample:bike,fine,find,die,nine,light,night,highmy,try,flyeye 15.[au]字母组合：ou,owForexample:house,out,countsoundnow,cow,how16.[əu]发音字母:o,ow,oaForexample:home,cold,goknow,low,below,grow,boat,coat,goal(目标，球门)17.[ɔi]字母组合:oy,oiForexample:boy,toy,joyoil,voice,choice18.[iə]字母组合:eer,ear,ea,ere,ierForexample:beer,deerear,nearideaherefierce19.[eə]字母组合:ear,air,are,ereForexample:pear,bearchair,air,faircarethere,where20.[uə]字母组合：our,oorForexample:tourpoor 容易混淆的元音1.[ae][e]badbed;handhead;sadsaid2.[i:][ei]realrail;greetgreat;meanmain3.[e][ai]betbite;redwrite;saidside;headhide4.[au][ɔ:]househorse;loudlord(主，上帝);southsauce5.[au][ʌ]foundfun;downdone;townton(吨) 辅音1)[p]penpearplaypigpullpush2)[b]bookbigboot(靴子)bikebreadbreak3)[t]treetwotentontowntwentycity4)[d]doordulldeskdosedodogdictionary5)[k]kingkitekeylookbookkitchensky(发音字母k)cardcatcreamcorrectcomeaccountaccept(发音字母c)foxboxoxygenx-ray(发音字母x)schoolschedulescheme(计划)(字母组合ch)6)[g]goodgoalgoatgradelonglanguage7)[m]manmakemoonmorningmovecomecomb8)[n]pentenninefinenightnoonmoonclean9)[ŋ]unclebankEnglishthinkthanksingkingmorningevening10)[l]longlandlendlordflyflagblackworldcoldcouldgoalsoul11)[r]readredrightrunroomwrite12)[f]fiveflyfineknifelifewifecoughlaugh13)[v]veryeveneveryvoice14)[s]sixsitstudentsameseatkissmisscase(发音字母s)licensecityceilingcelebrate(发音字母c)piecesciencespace(字母组合ce) 15)[z]zoozeroclosenosesupposepausethosewhose16)[w]thinkthankthirtytoothmouth17)[t]tomorrowteacher18)[ʃ]sheepshouldershewashnationattentionstationsocial19)[ʒ]pleasure20)[h]hothomehousehorsehowwho21)[w]whenwhatwherewindowwindwood22)[j]yesyearyellyouyouryolkyellow23)[tʃ]childchickenchinachairlunchcatchteach24)[dʒ]agelanguagecabbagevegetablestagebridgeenjoyJune25)[tr]treecountrytrytreat26)[dr]drydreamdropdrivedrink27)[ts]studentsbootsboatsgoatsnuts28)[dz]goodswoodsmoodshoods 容易混淆的辅音1.[v][w]vest(背心，汗衫)west;verywell2.[s][θ]sinkthink;massmath;missmyth3.[z][ð]breezebreathe4.[n][ŋ]thinthing;sin(罪恶)sing;winwing(翅膀) 一元音字母在重读音节中的读音a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中[ae]bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中[au]thoseclosegohoehomeno在闭音节中[ɔ]clocknotboxshopsocku在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday在闭音节中[ʌ]buscupjumpmuchlunchNote:在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音,例如:Junebluerulersuper 二元音字母在非重读音节中的读音a[ə],[i]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfastorangecomradevillagecabbagee[ə],[i]hundredstudentopenweekendchickenpocketbeginchildreni[ə]/[i],[ai]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimalexercisesatelliteo[ə],[əu]secondtonightsomebodywelcomealsozerophotou[ə],[ju:]autumndifficultpopularcongratulationJanuary动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母jlrs后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue 三元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音a在[w]音后面[ɔ]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前[a:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigho在-st-ld前[əu]mostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前[ʌ]comemonkeylovemother 四-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音arar在[w]音后面[a:]carfarmdarksharpener[ɔ:]warmquartertowardsoror在[w]音后面[ɔ:]fortymorningshort[ə:]wordworkerworseerirur[ə:]certainlybirdThursday辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如:carrysorryhurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音,例如:dollarteacherforgetSaturday 五-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音are[εə]caredarehareere[iə]heremereire[aiə]firehirewireore[ɔ:]morescorebeforeure[ju:ə]purecureareereireore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ə]音,例如:picturepleasure重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元音字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音.例如:parentzerostoryduringinspiring 六元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.例如:everyday[ei]blackboard[ɔ:]有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.例如:holy神圣+day[ei]日子>holiday[i]假日break中断+fast[a:]斋戒>breakfast[ə]早餐cup茶杯+board木板[C:]>cupboard[ə]碗柜 辅音字母1.b[b]bikebusbag[/]bombtomb2.cc在e前或在i/y前[s]facedecidecycle[k]cakepicturecoatmusic3.ch[tʃ]muchchickrichteacher[k]schoolheadachechemistry[ʃ]machine4.-ck[k]cockpocketblackknock5.d[d]doctorbreadhandday6.-dge[dʒ]bridgefridge7.dr-[dr]childrendriverdrink8.f[f]fivefourbreakfast9.gg在e前[dʒ]orangelargeGerman[g]baggardengo10.gh[f]coughenough[/]lightdaughterhigh 11.gu--guegu在非重读音节中[g]guessleaguedialogue[gw]languageanguish12.h[h]hotheadhousehand[/]hourhonest13.j[dʒ]jeepjarjokejoinJuly14.k[k]kindbikeskatemakeweek15.kn-[n]knifeknowknock16.l[l]lifemilkschooltall17.m[m]monkeycomeautumn18.-mn[m]autumncolumn19.nn在[k][g]音前[n]notshinetennote[ŋ]unclethankhungry20.-ng[ŋ]morningyoungwrong21.p[p]paperplanepigshippen22.ph[f]elephantphototelephone23.q[k]Iraq24.qu-[kw]qualityquite25.r[r]redrubberruler 26.s在词首或清辅音前[s]sitsleepdesk元音字母间或浊辅音前[z]musichusband27.sc-[sk]scarlet(红衣)[s]musclescience28.sh[F]shefishshirtwash29.t在通常情况下[t]tenlettermeet在弱读字母iaieio前[ʃ]patientnation30.tch[tʃ]watch31.th在通常情况下[θ]thinthirtymethod在冠词代词介词连词中[ð]thethesewiththan在词尾-the-ther中[ð]clothefatherweather32.tr-[tr]treetraincountrytruck33.v[v]veryvoiceloveleave34.w[w]weekwinwakesweetwait[/]answertwo35.wh-wh-在字母o前[h]whowhosewhole[w]whatwhenwhitewhy36.x[ks]boxtextexercise在重读元音前[gz]examleexistexact37.wr-[r]write38.y-[j]yesyardyellowyoung39.z[z]puzzlezerozoo 英语常用50句1.Howdoyoudo?你好！（常用语初次见面）2.Nicetomeetyou!很高兴见到你!I‘mgladtohavemetyou!3.Welldone!=Goodjob!干得好！4.Can/MayIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?我可以帮你么？5.Thiswayplease!这边请！6. Howareyoudoing?你好吗？7. I’mdoinggreat.我过得很好。8. What’sup?出什么事了/你在忙些什么/怎么了？9. Nothingspecial.没什么特别的。10. Hi.Longtimenosee.嗨，好久不见了。11.Sofarsogood.到目前为止，一切都好。12.Thingscouldn"tbebetter.一切顺利。13.Howaboutyourself?你自己呢？ 14.Todayisagreatday.今天是个好日子。15.Areyoumakingprogress?有进展吗？16.MayIhaveyourname,please?请问尊姓大名？17.I‘veheardsomuchaboutyou.久仰大名。18.Ihopeyou‘reenjoyingyourstayinghere.希望你在这里过得愉快。19.Let‘sgettogetheragain.改天再聚聚。20.That‘sagreatidea!好主意！21.Pleasesayhellotoyourmotherforme.请代我向你母亲问好。22.Don‘tforgetus.别忘了我们。23.Keepintouch.保持联系。24.Ihadawonderfultimehere.我在这里度过了难忘的时光。25.Haveaniceweekend.周末愉快。26.Sametoyou.彼此彼此。27.Nicetalkingtoyou.很高兴与你聊天。28.Takecareofyourself.自己当心/照顾好你自己。29.Thankyouforeverything.谢谢你的多方关照/你为我所做的一切。30.Thankyouallforcoming.谢谢光临。31.Iappreciateyourhelp.我感谢你的帮助。32.You‘realwayswelcome.别客气/不用谢。 33.Forgetit.算了吧。34.Itwasmypleasure.不用谢。35.Imadeamistake.我弄错了。36.I‘mterriblysorry.实在抱歉。37.Imustapologize!我必须道歉！38.Ifeelterrible.我感觉糟透了。39.It‘snotyourfault.那不是你的错。40.Sorrytobother/havebotheredyou.抱歉，打扰一下/打扰你了。41.Whatdoyoudo?你做什么工作？42.Howdoyoulikeyournewjob?你觉得你的新工作怎样？43.Ilikeitalot.我很喜欢。44.Ilikereadingandlisteningtomusic.我喜欢阅读和欣赏音乐。45.What‘swrong?怎么回事？46.Whathappened?发生什么事了？47.Ihopenothingiswrong.我希望一切顺利。48.Iknowhowyoufeel.我知道你的感受。49.Sorrytohearthat.听到这个消息我很难受。50.Comeon,youcandothat.来吧，你能做到的。 Thanks