• 219.50 KB
  • 2022-06-17 14:40:36 发布

48个英语音标表图表及其说明

  • 18页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
  4. 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
48个英语音标表 元音字母和辅音字母分类表 语音知识:1)字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u2)音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.3)元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。4)辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。5)音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap"ple,stu"dent,tea"cher,un"der"stand。6)开音节:a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebikehomedue;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi。7)闭音节:a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it。8)重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。读音规则  1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。  2)非重读音节[]banana,student,today,after,[i]orange,secret,evening,very,Monday。特殊读音  1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall、afterall。  2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme。  3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。Wouldyoudoit?Iamgladtomeetyou、Can"tyouseeit?lastyear,thisyear。重音  A)双音节词  a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry。  b)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a"bout,be"lieve,ad"dress,de"cide,re"port,con"demn,res"pect,com"pare,in"form,dis"cuss,im"press,mis"take,en"force,pre"pare,em"ploy,per"mit,es"cape,pro"duce,ex"claim,trans"latec)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的 词性在第二个音节上。"record,re"cord;"insult,in"sult;"conduct,con"duct;"presentpre"sent;"content,con"tent。  d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词,有两个重音。"out"side,"re"tell,"well-"known,"un"real,"fif"teen,"Chi"nese,"pre-"war,"post-"war。  B)多音节词  a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。"difficult,"communist,"family,e"conomy,oppor"tunity,de"mocracy。  b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音"carefully,in"definite,"comfortable,con"ductor,ac"cording,dis"turbance,"complicated,es"tablishment。  c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour"teous,cal"ligraphy,edi"torial,his"torian,peri"odic,mathe"matics,ex"perience,suf"ficient,i"dentify,trans"lation,re"ligious,curi"osity,pro"tective。  d)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。enter"tain,emplo"yee,mountai"neer,Japa"nese,ciga"rette。48个英语国际音标用对称法排序20个辅音3个鼻音2个半元音3个似拼音20个元音[p][b][m][w][h][i:][i][t][d][n][j][r][E:][E][k][g][N][l][C:][C][f][v][u:][u][s][z][B:][Q][W][T][e[A][F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][ZE][uE][tr][dr][Eu][au][ts][dz]48个国际音标表元音12个单元音长元音[i:][E:][C:][u:][B:]短元音[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][ZE][uE][Eu][au]辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz] 3个鼻音[m][n][N]3个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音[w][j]8个国际音标表[i:][i][E:][E][O:][O][u:][u][A:][V][Q][e][ai][ei][Oi][iE][CE][uE][Eu][au][p][b][t][d][k][g][f][v][s][z][T][D][S][Z][tS][dZ][tr][dr][ts][dz][m][n][N][h][r][l][w][j]英语国际音标共48个,其中20个元音,20个辅音,3个鼻音,2个半元音,3个似拼音元音12个单元音长元音[i:][E:][O:][u:][A:]短元音[i][E][O][u][V][Q][e]8个双元音:[ai][ei][Oi][iE][CE][uE][Eu][au]辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][T][S][tS][tr][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][D][Z][dZ][dr][dz]3个鼻音[m][n][N]3个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音[w][j]巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二,四二六前中后。双元音也好背,合口集中八个整。辅音共计二十八,八对一清又七浊,四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音,有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握。关于语音的几个概念:AHD表示美语发音,TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(简称AHD)KK音标是一套用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法,从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。DJ是根据英国学者DanielJones编的英语发音字典(EnglishPronouncingDictionary,1963)中的标音而来.英式读音根据的是EnglishPronouncingDictionary《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“ReceivedPronuciation”(RP)(标准读音)的读音,这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。1888年国际语音协会(InternationalPhoneticAssociation)的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号(IPA─InternationalPhoneticAlphabet),希望以一个符号代表一音,并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。音素:音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.58英语学习元音:发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.开音节:1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e如:kitecakenamebikemaketakehomeplaneshine2)辅音+元音如:hehigonodobetreethreehello闭音节:1)辅音+元音+辅音:sitbedbadbaghothopletmadmaphead2)元音+辅音如:itisofinonupoutantAchickenisinthekitchen./Ahorseisinthehouse.Amouseisinthecat’smouth.Asheepeatssomebeefanddrinkssomegreentea1元音:1)[i:]字母组合:eeeaeiethreetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpiecereceiveceiling2)[i]发音字母iyesitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissmythmanytwentyhappydictionarydefectdecidedelicious3)[æ]发音字母abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman58英语学习网4)[e]字母组合eaeaheadbreadpleasureelephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotel yesmanyany5)[ε:]字母组合irurearerorgirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdturnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerlearnearnearthheardtermhernerdserveworkwormworkworld6)[ε]字母组合erorouaroaeuteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderdoctoractormayorauthortractordeliciousgraciouspleasurefamiliarcollardollartogethertomorrowtodayshalloplessonWashingtoncontrolaroundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanchinamenlistenfamulusSaturday7)[a:]字母组合aracarfarmcardarmgardenfastclasslastglassplantauntcalm8)[:]发音字母uoouooupsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbuscomemotherdosebrotherloveabovetroubleroughflourishbloodflood9)[]字母组合alorauourarsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreauthorcaughtautumnfourmourncourtboughtwarmquarrel quarter10)[]发音字母oahotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnotwantwashwatch11)[u:]字母组合oooufoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothshoedotwotruetruthbluefullprude12)[u]字母组合ooouuolookgoodfootbookwoodshouldcouldputfullbullpullpushwomanwolf13)[ei]发音字母aayeaaieynamecakelategateplaneAprilplaysaymaywaygreatbreakrainpaintplaintheygrey14)[ai]发音字母iybikefinefinddieninelightnighthighmytryflyeye15)[au]字母组合ouowhouseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseflowerdownnowcowhowtown16)[εu]发音字母oowoahomecoldgonophonehostghostknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowboatcoatgoal17)[]字母组合oy oiboytoyjoyoilsoilvoicechoice18)[iε]字母组合eerearbeerdeerearnearherefierceidea19)[]字母组合earairerepearbearchairairfairtherewherecare20)[uε]字母组合ourowerhourtourflowershower2容易混淆的元音[A][e]badbedhandheadmanmenlandlendpanpensadsaid[i:][ei]realrailgreetgreatmeanmainreadraid[e][ai]betbiteredwritesaidsideheadhide[aU][R:]househorseloudlordsouthsaucecloudclausenownorcountcorn[aU][Q]foundfonddowndonegowngonetownton[A][Q]fanfuntantunsansontanktun3辅音1)penpearplaypigpourpull push2)bookbigbootbikebreadbreak3)[t]treetwotentontowntwentycity4)[d]doordulldeskdosedodogdictionary5)[k]kingkitekeylookcookbookkitchensky(发音字母k)cardcatcreamcorrectclimbcomeaccountaccept(发音字母c)foxboxoxygenx-ray(发音字母x)schoolscheduleschema(字母组合ch)6)[g]girlgoodgoalgoatgradelonglanguage7)[m]manmakemoonmorningmovecomecomb8)[n]pentenninefinenightnoonmoonclean9)[N]unclebankEnglishthinkthankjunk58英语singkingmorningevening10)[l]longlandlendlordflyflagblackworldcoldcouldgoalsoul11)[r]readredrightrunroomwrite12)[f]fiveflyfineflagfrogfogroofknifelifewifecoughlaughroughphysicphotophone13)[v]veryeveningeveneveryvoicevestof14)[s]sixsitstudentsameseatkissmisscasescarf(发音字母s)licensecityceasecedarceilingcelebrate(发音字母c)piecejuicesciencelancespaceace(字母组合ce)15)[z]zoozebrazerozapclosenosehosesupposepausethosewhose16)[W]thinkthankthreethirtytoothmouth17)[T]thatthisthosethesethough18)[F]sheepshouldershipshoeshebrushwashnationattentionstationsocial specialsure19)[V]pleasure20)[h]hothophomehousehorsehowwho21)[w]whenwhatwherewindowwindwood22)[j]yesyearyellyouyouryolkyellow23)[tF]childchickenchinachairlunchouchcatchteachwww.58en.com24)[dV]agelanguagecabbagevegetablestagebridgejoyenjoyjoinJulyJunejunk25)[tr]treecountrytrytreattracktrunk26)[dr]drydreamdropdrivedrink27)[ts]studentsbootsboatsgoatsnuts28)[dz]goodswoodsmoodshoods4容易混淆的辅音[v][w]vestwestvetwetvinewineverywells][W]sinkthinkmassmathmissmythsortsought[z][T]closeclothbreezebreathe[n][N]thinthingsinsingranrangbanbangwinwing5字母,组合音节发音规律1)a[ei][æ][[][a:][R]lateprivategradebakegrapenationstationpageactivehandbankfanparentfamilygladflagacceptaboutaboveformativemachinecinemafastlastglassclasspastfatherwashwhatwatchwant2)e[i:][e][[]不发音appreciateextremelysecretshemeheletterleftmessagegenerate pebbledecideprettypreviousresultrestoreproblemprosperousstudentconfidentactivetablelatewifestorelecture3)i[ai]highpricelibraryicecreamwifesizelinefistpickchickenpianofiancécityunit4)o[[J][J:][Q][[][R]lodehostcoldnoteokayoldhomelosedowhowhoseprovelovesomeothermotherhoneycompanytodaytomorrowtogethercontrolcollectlosthotmockofficesofthonest5)u[ju][u][Q][[]universityrefuseuniqueuniversehugeputpushpullfullbullbutbrushbucketduckbubble58英语学习supportsuggest6)c[k][s]countrycampcameracouragecablecityceilingcelebratecellcease7)g[g][dV][N]girlgradeglassgladebagflagvillagevegetablebridgegentlemangymlongsongsingmorningevening8)l[l]读音不同listenlearnlanguagecollectEnglishgorillaworldcoldsoiltallsellcoolanimal9)n[n][N]moonnightnoodlenumberunclehungryangry young10)r[r][[](美语发音)rightreadwritegradeprogresscardboarddoorfloorformnorth11)y[j][ai]yellowyearyellyoungyolkuniversitycountryprettyhappydykedyingflybuybymy12)ar[a:][[][R:]farmcardgardenmarkdollarwarmquarrelquarter13)ea[i:][e][ei][i[]ceaseseasonbreathefeaturemeatpleasebreadbreastbreathmeadowweathergreatbreakidearealize14)ear[[:][i[]learnearthearnheardhearnearclearearfear15)er[[:][[][i[]deserveserveherpersonteacherdriverangersingerseriousexperiencemysteriousfierce16)ere[i[][Z[]heremerefereserethere17)ir[[:][ai]shirtgirlskirtadmire desire18)oo[u:][u][Q][R:]roomtoolcoolmoonnoongooffoodgoodfootstoodwoodwoolcookwoodbookbloodflooddoorfloor19)or[R:][[:][[]shortformcornbornforworkworldwormwordworsttractordoctoractorsectorseniorsenator20)oor[R:][J[]doorfloormoorpoorboor21)our[J[][R:]hourtourflourbournlourpourcourtfourmourn22)ou[au][Q][[]housemouthmousesoundfoundenoughtroubletouchdeliciousgraciousprosperous23)ow[[J][au]windowmeadowknowshowlownowtownhowdowncow24)se[z][s]nosesupposegoseloseposerosemousehouse25)th[W][T]thankthinkthoughtcloth58英语学习clothesthatthisthenthan26)sion[F[n] [V[n]propulsiontensionprogressionpassionprotrusionprovisionconclusiontelevision27)tion[F[n][tF[n](不常见)stationnationtranslationattentionquestion    学好英语音标的正确的发音具有重要的实用意义。       首先:增强你的信心。我们以前不是自己说出一个句子,全班同学都不懂吗?自己的天方之谈往往要等老师重复一遍才能让其他人明白。外国人听你说话,不是要伸长脖子,拱起腰骨,方能听明白你说的什么么?真替外教心痛。这时自己是不是心里总有些什么的么?如果我说一遍外教就心领神会,马上接上我的意思,我们看外教的眼睛,肯定是在发亮的,我们的心里不是很感到自豪么?        www.yinbiao1.com        其次:能够帮助你记住单词。英语的发音是有其内在的很强的规律的,虽然这个规律并不是几十条发音规则就能完全涵盖包容。以我自身为例子,你随便给个单词我,无论什么生词,我都能正确说出它的读音,即使我从前未曾见过这个单词。为什么这样,这就是英语语音的内在规律。既然有这个规律,当我们记一个单词,把这个单词拼读出来的时候,这个内在的语音规律自然能够不自觉的发生作用,帮助你加深这个单词的记忆的。虽然这个规律是不能三言两语说清的。      然后:增强阅读能力。好像发音跟阅读没多大关系的样子。阅读能力的好坏靠的不单止是词汇量和语法,还有个语感的问题。语感是个很虚的东西,不过可以感觉一下,我们读中文书籍,遇到不懂的字词,却仍然知道它大概的意思;看了这句话,知道下一句要说到甚么,等等,便是语感的作用。如果没学好正确的发音,是根本不能养成语感的,因为不正确的发音是游离的,不定的,试问游离不定的东西怎么形成专一的语感呢。       最后:对听力的帮助。其实大家应该很容易明白这个好处。但我自己的观点比较保守,我认为发音正确听力并不能就没有问题。听力很多时候并不专注一个单词,我们听的是一个句子,专注于其中一个单词往往会让你听不懂整个句子。发音正确能够提高你的听力,但不能完全解决听力问题。字母组合   a  [æ]bagcatjammaphappysadbackfacthandpan  [ei]cakedatefacegamepaperladymistake  bandageclimatepalacevillagemassage  [ə]aboutCanadaChinawomansofaaddress  [ɑ:]armcardarkfarmgardenyardparkmarket  ai(ay)-[ei]aimfailmaylay  au-[ɔ:]faultpausecause  aw-[ɔ:]drawhawklawyer  air-[ɛə]chairfairhairpair  are-[ɛə]caredaresharespare  e  [e]beddeskgetleglessonmessageneckpenrestsendten  [i:]evenfeverhemetreshethese  beforecollagecinemadecideenjoyjacket  [ə]gardenlicenceopensilentexcellenttravel  [ə:]nerveserveterm  (重)assertcertainher  [ə]dinnerorderfarmer  (非)concertperhaps  ee-[i:]beefdeepfreegreen  ea-[e]breaddeadheadready  -[i:]beatcheapeachleaf  ei-[ei]reinveinveil  -[i:]ceilingseize  i(y)  bigfishgiftmilkpickrichanycopyenemy  [ɑi]bikenineshinetimesilenttitlecryflymyskystyle  animalEnglishfamilymistakecapital  [ə:]birdfirstgirldirty   [ə]affirmationtapir  ie-[i:]chieffieldpiecethief  igh-[ɑi]beightrightlighthigh  o  [ɔ]boxcockdogfoxjobonshopwrong  [əu]gonocodehopenoterosesmokevote  [ə]memoryobeytodayconsiderbalcony  [ɔ:]forhorsenorthshortsportmorning  [ə]actordoctorforgetmirrorcomfort  ou-[ɑu]aboutcloudfound  -[əu]mouldshouldersoul  -[u:]grouproutesoup  ow-[ɑu]cowdownflower  -[əu]bowlflowknow  oi-[ɔi]boilchoicecoinsoil  oo-[u:]bootfoodmoonzoo  -[u]bookcookfootgood  [ʌ]comesomemoneynonetoncoverglovelovemotherother  u  [ʌ]brushclubdustfungunjustsun  [u]bushfullpullpush  [ju:]dutyexcusefuturehugepupiluse  [ə]autumncolumninjuryindustrysupport  [ə:]burnchurchhurt  [ə]murmurpursue  surpriseSaturday  ui-[u:]juicefruitcruise  -[ju:]suitsuitablesuitcase  uy-[ai]buyguy  ure-[juə]curepuresecure   -[uə]assureinsuresure  英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音,重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中,以辅音因素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如apple划音节就因该是ap/ple前面那个ap是一个音节以辅音因素p结尾就是闭音节。  重读闭音节三要素:  1必须是重读音节;  2最后只有一个辅音字母;  3元音字母发短元音  重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音.  如:sit---sitting  begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上,相当与把gin该成双写的)  像travel这种重读不在的vel,可以为travelled,也可以是traveled.