初中英语语法之非谓语动词（non predicate verbs in junior english grammar） 6页

初中英语语法之非谓语动词（NonpredicateverbsinJuniorEnglishgrammar）Nonfiniteverb1.definition:inadditiontotheverbinthesentenceasapredicate,noun,adjectivehaspropertiesofwordsandadverbsinthesentence,canserveassubject,predicate,object,attributive,adverbialandcomplement,thisistheverbnonpredicateverb.Itcanbedividedintothreetypes:verbinfinitive,participleandgerund.2.verbinfinitive:to+verbprototype(insomecaseswithoutto).(withoutthechangeofpersonandnumber,youcanhaveyourownobjectandadverbialmodifier,andyoucanhavethechangeoftenseandvoice)1General:activevoice:todo,passivevoice:tobe+verbpastparticiple(representingactionorstateandverbverbactionorstateoccurringorhappeningatthesametime)2progressive:activevoice:tobedoing,passivevoice:no(actorstateandpredicateverbactionorstateoccursimultaneously)3perfectform:activevoice:tohave+verbpastparticiple,passivevoice:tohavebeen+verbpastparticiple(indicatingactionorstatebeforepredicateaction)4usage: A.assubject:Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.=It"snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguageB.:Themostimportantthingisistofinishtheworkontime.C.asobject:A.verb+todo.Hedecidedtobuyanewwatch.(agree,choose,want,hope,like,wish,learn,love,plan,try,start,afford...)B.verb+interrogativeword+todoIdon"tknowwheretoputthebikeC.verb+formalobject(it)+objectcomplement+todoIfinditimportanttolearnasecondforeignlanguageD.ascomplement:A.verb+object+todoTomaskedmetohimthenewshoes.(tell,wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,allow,show,encourage...)B.verb+object+verbwithouttoHeoftensawTomplayfootball.(see,hear,feel,watch,notice,have,make,let...)E.asadverbial:A.expressesthepurpose:HewenttoGuangzhoutoseehissons.Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus B.results:Heistootiredtowalkanyfarther.Theyaren"toldenoughtogotoschoolC.expressesreason:Heissorrytohearthat.IamgladtoseeyouF.asattribute:Ihavesomethingtotellyou.IwanttobuysomethingtoeatEllipsisofinfinitive5into:A.inhearsee,sensoryverbsfeel,watch,notice,andhaveletmake,thecausativeverbs,suchasbacktoto,butinthepassivevoicetorestoretheinfinitiveto.IoftensawhimgooutoftheroomHeoftenseento.--------wasgooutoftheroombyme.B.oftensavestoafterhadbetter,wouldrather,donothingbutandsoon.Thenegativeformof"6"verbinfinitive:not+todo,andsometimes-never+todostructure.3.gerund:verbprototype+ing.Ithasnouns,verbsandsomefeatures.1General:activevoice:doing,passivevoice:being+verbpastparticiple(representingactionorstateandverbverbactionorstateoccurringorhappeningatthesametime) 2perfectform:activevoice:having+verbpastparticiple,被动语态:havingbeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)childrenenjoywatchinganimatedcartoon.idon"trememberhavingeverseenthefilm.○3动名词的否定形式:not+动名词(-ing)iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.○4用法:and作主语:.and可以用形式主语it代替.learning.动名词作主语如果太长,englishisveryimportant.---it"sveryimportanttolearnenglish.b.well+动名词表示"禁止"wellawellhotel.b.作宾语:hefinisheddoinghishomework.c.作表语:hisfavouritesportisplayingbasketball.d.作定语:shoppingbasket,finishingline.(表明名词的用途、功能等)e.动名词的复合结构:名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词.doyoumindus/weifang"sopeningthewindow?4.分词:动词原形+ing.具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征.(可分为现在分词、过去分词) 现在分词○1一般式:主动语态:doing,被动语态:being+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)○2完成式:主动语态:having+动词过去分词,被动语态:havingbeen+动词过去分词(表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)○3动名词的否定形式:not+动名词(-ing)wellunderstandingthemeaningofthewords,hecouldn"texplainthetechnology.○4用法:and,作表语.the)issurprising.b.作定语.developingcountry(主谓关系)sleepingboy(boy所做的动作)c.作状语.passingthehouse,hesawagirlplayingthepiano.=whenhewaspassingbythehouse,hesawagirlplayingthepiano.d.作宾补.ifoundhimlyingonthegrass.过去分词○1形式:规则动词+ed,和不规则动词的过去分词. ○2过去分词的否定形式:not+动词过去分词.○3用法:and,作表语:mybikeisbroken.heisveryworried.b.作定语:developedcountry,fallenleaves,spokenenglish.c.作状语:askedwhyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.=whenhewasaskedwhyhewasabsent,hesaidhewasill.d.作宾补:youhadbetterhaveyourshoesmended.ihadmyhaircutyesterday.