高中英语语法系统复习—十五主谓一致 7页

高中英语语法系统复习—十五主谓一致主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，　　一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：　Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.　　但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：　Tenthousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.15.1并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：　Readingandwritingareveryimportant.读写很重要。　注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：　Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。典型例题　TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.is　　B.was　C.are　D.were答案B.注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。15.2主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：　Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。　Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。 2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：　Eitheryouorsheistogo.不是你去，就是她去。　Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.给你笔、信封和纸。15.3谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：　Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。　HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我想去划船。15.4谓语需用单数1）代词each以及由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each,every时,谓语需用单数。例如：　Eachofushasatape-recorder.我们每人都有录音机。　Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的表坏了。2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：　TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。　3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：　Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.用三个星期来做准备。　Tenyuanisenough.十元够了。15.5指代意义决定谓语的单复数1）代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：Allisright.　一切顺利。Allarepresent.　人都到齐了。 2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：　　Hisfamilyisn"tverylarge.他家成员不多。　　Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.　他家个个都是音乐爱好者。　但集合名词people,police,cattle,poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：　　Arethereanypolicearound?附近有警察吗？3）有些名词，如variety,number,population,proportion,majority等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：　Anumberof+名词复数+复数动词。　Thenumberof+名词复数+单数动词。　Anumberofbookshavelentout.　ThemajorityofthestudentslikeEnglish.15.6与后接名词或代词保持一致1）用halfof,mostof,noneof,heapsof,lotsof,plentyof等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：　Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.他大部分的钱化在书上了。Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.大部分学生积极参与体育运动。2）用aportionof,aseriesof,apileof,apanelof等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Aseriesofaccidentshasbeenreported.媒体报道了一连串的事故。Apileoflotswassetbesidethehearth.炉边有一堆木柴。3）如manya或morethanone所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由morethan…of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：　Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.　许多人读过这本书。　Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。15.7主谓一致练习 1.Eachofyou______responsiblefortheaccident.A.amB.beC.isD.are2.Eachmanandwoman______thesamerights.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.ishaving3.Everymeans______triedbutwithoutmuchresult.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.areD.is4.There______inthisroom.A.aretoomuchfurnitureB.istoomanyfurnituresC.aretoomuchfurnituresD.istoomuchfurniture5.Themanagerorhisassistant______planningtogo.A.wereB.areC.wasD.be6.NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris______fondofplayingbasketball.A.amB.isC.areD.was7.NeitherTomnorhisparents______athome.A.isB.areC.hasD.was8.Eitherthedeanortheprincipal______themeeting.A.attendsB.attendC.areattendingD.haveattended9.______waswrong.A.NottheteacherbutthestudentsB.BoththestudentsandtheteacherC.NeithertheteachernotthestudentsD.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher10.“______twentydollarsabigsumtoher?”“Isupposeso.”A.WillbeB.IsC.AreD.Were11.Threehours______enoughforustofinishthetask.A.areB.hasC.isD.were12.Mostofhissavings______intheXinHuaBank.A.hasbeenkeptB.isbeingkeptC.havekeptD.havebeenkept13.Allthatcanbedone______.A.hasdoneB.hasbeendoneC.havedoneD.havebeendone14.Oneorperhapsmorepages_______. A.ismissingB.hasbeenmissedC.aremissingD.wasmissing15.Morethanoneworker______dismissed.A.havebeenB.areC.hasbeenD.has16.Manyastudent______theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.A.haverealizedB.hasrealizeC.havebeenrealizedD.hasbeenrealized17.Thegasworks______nearthecity.A.isB.areC.wereD.be18.Thesurroundingsofhishouse______cleannow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were19.Thecommittee______overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours.A.hasarguedB.hasbeenarguingC.havearguedD.havebeenarguinghepublic______generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims.A.isB.wasC.areD.hasbeen21.Cattle______onthehillside.A.grazesB.isgrazingC.wasgrazingD.weregrazing22.Herpolitics______neitherconservativenorliberal.A.isB.areC.wasD.hasbeen23.Measles______akindofinfectiousillness.A.isB.areC.wereD.havebeen24.ThePhilippines______tothesouth-eastofChina.A.liesB.lieC.layD.lays25.Maryisoneofthegirlswho______alwaysontime.A.isB.amC.areD.was26.Tomistheonlyoneofthestallmemberswho______tobepromoted.A.isgoingB.aregoingC.hasbeengoingD.havebeengoing27.Whatcausedtheaccident______ontheroad.A.werestoneB.werestonesC.wasstoneD.wasstones28.Wiskyandsoda______hisfavoritedrink.A.isB.areC.wereD.havebeen29.______istoattendourevening. A.boththesingerandthedancerB.EitherthesingerordancersC.ThesingerordancersD.Thesingeranddancer30.TheSmiths______theirbreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.A.hadB.hasbeenhavingC.arehavingD.werehaving31.Nooneexcepttwostudents______themeeting.A.hasbeenlateforB.havebeenlateforC.waslateforD.werelaterfor32.Allbuthimandme______totheexhibition.A.amgoingB.isgoingC.aregoingD.wasgoing33.Interest,aswellasprospects,______importantwhenonelooksforajob.A.areB.wereC.isD.was34.Thepresident,accompaniedbyhisassistants,______.A.havearrivedB.arearrivingC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived35.Anumberofcars______infrontoftheparkA.isparkedB.wasparkedC.areparkedD.hasparked36.thenumberofarticlespublishedonsmoking______amazing.A.isB.areC.wereD.havebeen37.Themajorityofdoctors______smokingisharmfultohealth.A.arebelievedB.hadbelievedC.hasbelievedD.believe38.Themajorityofthedamage______easytorepair.A.isB.areC.wereD.be39.Four-fifthsofthecrop______.A.areruinedB.wasruinedC.wereruinedD.havebeenruined40.Three-fourthsofthebuildings______.A.wasdestroyedB.isdestroyedC.weredestroyedD.hasbeendestroyed41.Earlytobedandearlytorise______amanhealthy,happyandwise.A.makingB.tomakeC.makeD.makes42.Mathematics______thelanguageofscience.A.isB.hasbeenC.areD.havebeen43.Theyoung______thevitalforcesinoursociety.A.isB.hasbeenC.areD.havebeen 44.Everyman,womanandchild______somehistory,enoughatleast,tosurviveintheworld.A.knowsB.knowC.isknownD.areknown45.Noneofthem______myfriends.A.isB.areC.wasD.hasbeen46.Notonlythewholenation,butthewholeEurope,indeedthewholehumansociety______toalteritsattitudetoracialproblems.A.needB.needsC.hasaneedD.haveaneed47.Gettingtootherplanetsortothemoon_____manyproblems.A.involveB.involvesC.involvingD.toinvolve48.Inthatcountry,therich______richer,thepoor,poorer.A.becomeB.hasbecomeC.becomesD.isbecoming49.Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthan______becauseitisextremelydifficult.A.hasbeenputinB.havebeenputinC.beingputinD.tobeputin50.Notoneinonehundredchildrenexposedtothedisease______likelytodevelopit.A.shouldbeB.mustbeC.isD.are答案：1C2A3A4D5C6C7B8A9D10B11C12D13B14C15C16B17A18B19D21D22B23A24A25C26A27D28A29D30D31C32C33C34D35C36A37D38A39B40C41D42D43C44A45B46B47B48A49A50C