高中英语语法加练习大全：第5章 助动词 6页

高中英语语法加练习大全：第5章助动词一.概念:助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种.二.相关知识点精讲:1.助动词be的用法1）be+现在分词，构成进行时态。例如：Theyarehavingameeting.　他们正在开会。Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英语现在越来越重要。2）　be+过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom..　窗户是汤姆打碎的。Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.　世界各地都教英语。3）be+动词不定式，可表示下列内容：　a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如：　　HeistogotoNewYorknextweek..　他下周要去纽约。　　Wearetoteachthefreshmen.　我们要教新生。　　说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。　b.表示命令。例如：　　Youaretoexplainthis.　对此你要做出解释。　　Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.　要他今天下午来办公室。　c.　征求意见。例如：　　HowamItoanswerhim?　我该怎样答复他？　　Whoistogothere?　谁该去那儿呢？　d.表示相约、商定。例如：　　Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.　我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。2.助动词have的用法1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态。例如：　　HehasleftforLondon.　他已去了伦敦。　　Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.　上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。 　　2）have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如：　IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。　3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如：　EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。3.助动词do的用法1）构成一般疑问句。例如：　DoyouwanttopasstheCET?　你想通过大学英语测试吗？　DidyoustudyGerman?　你们学过德语吗？2）do+not构成否定句。例如：　Idonotwanttobecriticized.　我不想挨批评。　Hedoesn"tliketostudy.　他不想学习。　Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.　过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3）构成否定祈使句。例如：　Don"tgothere.　不要去那里。　Don"tbesoabsent-minded.　不要这么心不在焉。说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如：　Docometomybirthdayparty.　一定来参加我的生日宴会。　Ididgothere.　我确实去那儿了。　Idomissyou.　我确实想你。5）用于倒装句。例如：　NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.　我从未听说过这样的事情。　OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。6）用作代动词。例如：　----DoyoulikeBeijing?　--你喜欢北京吗？　----Yes,Ido.　--是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替likeBeijing.）　Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn"the?他知道如何开车，对吧？4.助动词shall和will的用法 　shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如：　　　IshallstudyharderatEnglish.　我将更加努力地学习英语。　　　HewillgotoShanghai.　　他要去上海。说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:　Heshallcome.　他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）　Hewillcome.　他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）5.助动词should,would的用法1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。例如：　ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。　比较："WhatshallIdonextweek?"Iasked."我下周干什么？"我问道。　可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。2）would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。例如：　　Hesaidhewouldcome.　他说他要来。比较："Iwillgo,"hesaid.他说："我要去那儿。"变成间接引语，就成了Hesaidhewouldcome。原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。6.短语动词　　动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如：　　Turnofftheradio.　把收音机关上。（turnoff是短语动词）　　短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：1）动词+副词，如：blackout；2）动词+介词，如：lookinto；3）动词+副词+介词，如：lookforwardto。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词三.巩固练习1.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we______afootballmatch.A.haveBwillhaveChasDshallhas2.Whenhewasatschool,he______earlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.AwillriseB.shallriseC.shouldriseDwouldrise3.Inthepast30yearsChina______greatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.havingmade 4.I______gotobeduntilI______finishedmywork.A.don’t/hadB.didn’t/haveC.didn’t/hadDdon’t/have5.______youthinkhe______backbydinnertime?A.Do/havecomeB.Did/willhavecomeC.Does/willcomeDDo/willhavecome6.Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenhe______forthebus.A.wasruningB.wasrunningC.wererunningDisrunning7.Nosooner______hearrivedhomethanhe______tostartonanotherjourney.A.has/wasaskedB.have/wereaskedC.had/isaskedDhad/wasasked8.“______yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthehotel.A.ShouldB.CanC.MightDMay9.Therearenineofthem,so______getintothecaratthesametime.A.theymaynotatallB.alltheymaynotCtheycan’tallDalltheycan’t10.“Wedidn’tseehimatthelectureyesterday.”“He______it.”A.mustn’tattendB.cannothaveattendedC.wouldhavenotattendedDneedn’thaveattended11.“Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100mph,don’tyou?”“No,officer.I______.Thiscarcan’tdomorethan80.”A.didn’tneedtobeB.maynothavebeenCcouldn’thavebeenDneedn’thavebeen12.hewasagoodrunnersohe______escapefromthepolice.a.mightB.succeededtoCwouldDwasableto13.Ifthey______,ourplanwillfallflat.A.areco-operatingB.hadnotco-operatedCwon’tco-operateDdidn’tco-operate14.Ihoped______myletter.A.hertoanswerB.thatshewouldanswerCthatsheanswersDheranswering15.He______liveinthecountrythaninthecity.A.prefersB.likestoChadbetterDwouldrather16.______toseeafilmwithustoday?A.DidyoulikeB..WouldyoulikeCWillyoulikeDHaveyouliked17.I’msorry,butIhadnoalternative.Isimply______whatIdid.A.mustdoB..hadtodoCoughttohavedoneDhavetodo18.“Timeisrunningout,______?” A.hadn’twebettergotstartB..hadn’twebettergetstartChadn’twebettergetstartedDhadn’twebetternotstarted19.Noone______thattohisface.A.daressayB..daressayingCdaresayDdaretosayhestudentsintheclassroom______nottomakesomuchnoise.A.needB..oughtCmustDdare21.You______lastweekifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.A.oughttocomeB.oughttobecomingCoughthavecomeDoughttohavecome22.Theelephantsought______hoursagobythekeepers.A.tobefedB..tofeedCtobeingfedDtohavebeenfed23.“Iwonderwhythey’relate.”“They______thetrain.”A.canhavemissedB..couldmissCmayhavemissedDmightmiss24.“Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.”“He______havebeenanoutstandingstudent.”A.mustB.couldCshouldDmight25.You______theexaminationagainsinceyouhadalreadypassedit.a.needn’thavetakenB.didn’tneedtotakeCneedn’ttakeD.mustn’ttake26.Heisreallyincompetent!Theletter______yesterday.A.shouldbefinishedtypingB.mustbefinishedtypingCmusthavefinishedtypingD.shouldhavebeenfinishedtyping27.Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather______anastronaut.A.becomeB.tobecomeCbecomingDbecame28.Whenwereachedthestation,thetrainhadstillnotarrived;sowe______.A.needednottohurryB.needn’thavehurriedCneednottohavehurriedDdidn’tneedtohurry29.Sinceyourroommateisvisitingherfamilythisweekend,_____youliketohavedinnerwithustonight?AwillB.won’tCwouldn’tDdo30.Hewasafraidwhathehaddone______adisastrouseffectonhiscareer.AmighthaveB.couldbeChavebeenD.shallbe四.答案1-10BDACDBDBCB11-CDCBDBBCCB21-30DDCABDABCA