英语：突破高考英语语法复习之倒装句 11页

英语：突破高考英语语法复习之-倒装句英语中主语在前、谓语在后的这种语序一般较为固定，这叫做自然语序"但是在一些句子中，由于语法、修辞强调或句子结构上的需要，谓语移到主语之前，构成了倒装语序(InvertedWordOrder)。如果把谓语动词全部移到主语之前，这叫做全部倒装(FullInversion);如果只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词和连系动词)移到主语之前，这叫做部分倒装(PartialInversion)。对倒装语序的考查主要体现在以下几个方面。一、以表示“运动方向”的副词开头的倒装句[高考试题传真](高考英语重庆卷,33)AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver______,oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.A.liesChongqingB.ChongqingliesC.doeslieChongqingD.doesChongqinglie【答案】A【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。(高考英语四川卷,9)Welaughatjokes，butseldom______abouthowtheywork．A．wethinkB．thinkweC．wedothinkD．dowethink【答案】DBequick!________.(1986)A.ThebuscomeshereB.ThebusherecomesC.HerethebuscomesD.Herecomesthebus为了使叙述或描绘更加生动，常将表示运动方向的副词(如here，there，out，in，up，off，down，away，back等)放在句首，谓语动词为go，come，run，rush等表示位置转移的动词，主语为名词，如:Upwentthearrowintotheair.飕的一声箭射向天空。Downcametherain.雨落了下来。Outrushedatigerfromthewoods.忽地一声从树林里冲出一只老虎。[注意]当主语是人称代词时不用倒装Awaytheywent.他们一下子走开了。二、以表示“地点”的介词短语开头的倒装句[高考试题传真]Onthewall_______twolargeportraits.(1985) A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging当句首为表示地点的介词短语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，或为了使上下文衔接紧密时，常使用倒装结构。如:Alongthedustyroadcameagroupoftourists.沿着尘土飞扬的路来了一伙游人。Outsidetheentrancestoodtwopoliceofficerswithguns.入口处外面站着两个带枪的警官。Underthebigtreewassittinganoldfarmer.大树底下坐着一个老农夫。三、以so/neither/nor开头的倒装句[高考试题传真]1.---Ilikeswimminginwinter.---________.(1987)A.SodoIB.SoldoC.SodoI,tooD.SoIdo,too2.---Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.---________,and________.(1997,上海)A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave3．---Doyouenjoythattrip?---I"mafraidnot.And________.(1985)A.myclassmatesdon"teitherB.myclassmatesdon"ttooC.neitherdomyclassmatesD.neitherdidmyclassmates4.Afterthatweneversawheragain,nor________fromher.(1987)A.didwehearB.weheardC.hadweheardD.wehaveheard5.---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrothers?---Idon"tknow,______.(1991)A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso在肯定句中，表达“……也……”这样顺从对方的话题而表达同样的意向时，常用“so+be/have/助动词+主语”的结构，说明前一句谓语表示的情况也适用于另一个／些人或物。如：Inanearthquake,theearthshakes.Andsodoyou.地震时，地球震动，你也会震动。Theboydied,andaweeklater,sodidhissister.这男孩死了，一星期之后，他姐姐也死了。Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.社会变了，人也跟着变了。 [注意]“so+主语+助动词”结构的用法如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，表示同意对方的看法，意为“是的，确实”时，句子不用倒装语序。如:1.---Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight.---MyGod!___________(1999,上海)A.SodidIB.SoIdidC.SowereyouD.Sodidyou2.---Johnwonthefirstprizeinthecontest.---_________.(1987)A.SohedidB.SodidheC.SohedidtooD.Sodidhe,too在否定句中，用nor/neither/nomore表示前面的所否定的情况也适用于另一个／些人或物，说明另一主语“也不……”时，需用倒装语序。如：Thefirstonewasn"tgoodandneitherwasthesecond.第一个不好，第二个也不好。Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neitherhashe.我从未出过国，他也没出过国。Ididn"treadthenoticeontheblackboard,nordidhe.我没看黑板上的通知，他也没看。四、以only强调状语的倒装句[高考试题传真]1.Onlyafterliberation_______tobetreatedashumanbeings.(1985)A.didtheybeginB.theyhadbegunC.theydidbeginD.hadtheybegun2.Onlybytakingataxi________ontime.(1992)A.youcanarrivethereB.arrivethereyoucanC.canyouarrivethereD.thereyoucanarrive3.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday_______beabletomasterthelanguage.(1990,上海)A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou4．Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1945________togettoacollegeeducation.(1986,上海)A.hewasableB.heisableC.washeableD.isheable5．Onlyinthisway________progressinyourEnglish.(1984)A.youmakeB.canyoumakeC.youbeabletomakeD.youwillbeabletomake副词only所强调的方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等位于句首时，引起部分倒装。如: Onlybyseizingeveryminutecanwefinishtheworkontime.我们只有抓住每一分钟，才能完成这项工作。Onlythendidwerealizethatthemanwasblind.只在那时我们才意识到那人是个瞎子。Onlyafterthreeoperationswassheabletowalkwithoutsticks.只有动过3次手术之后，她才能丢弃拐杖走路。[注意]only修饰主语时不用倒装的情况如果only修饰的词不是作状语，而是作主语时，句子就不用倒装。如:Onlyhismotherwasinvited.只有他的妈妈被邀请了。0nlysowieofthechildrenpassedtheexamination.只有几个孩子通过了考试。五、以否定词开头的倒装句[高考试题传真]1.NotuntilIbegantowork_______howmuchtimeIhadwasted.(1990)A.didritIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn"trealizeD.Irealized2.Little________abouthisownsafetythoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.(1994,上海)A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared3.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver________howseriousthepollutionwas.(1995)A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn"tthevillagersrealize4.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife________sohappy.(,春季)A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt5.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury________whatheatis.(1989)A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn"tmanknowD.didmanknow6.Notonly______pollutedbut_____crowded.(1991,上海)A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethestreetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswere7.________gotintotheroom________thetelephonerang.(1988)A.Hehardlyhad;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;whenC.Hehadnot;thanD.Nothadhe;when为了强调句子中的否定状语，常将其置于句首，这时一般引起部分倒装。常见的含有否定意义的副词、连词或词组有:atnotime,bynomeans,hardly/scarcely/barely...when,few,little,never,nosooner...than,not,notuntil,nowhere,notonly...butalso,onnoaccount,rarely,seldom,under/innocircumstances等。如： SeldominallmylifehaveImetsuchadeterminedperson.我一生中中很少见到过这样意志坚强的人。Neverbeforehadshecarriedoutabrainoperation.她以前从未进行过脑部手术。Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink.他一点儿也不在乎别人怎么想。Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquiet,beautifulplace.世界上没有别的地方能像这样美，这样幽静。Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.不但要对找工作的人提供帮助，而且也对需要治病的人提供医疗。[注意]否定词只否定主语或副词时就不用倒装Notasoulwasanywherevisible.到处见不到一个人。Hardlyanybodybelievesthat.几乎没有人相信那件事。Notlongagoitrained.不久前下过雨。Notonly...butalso...如果连接两个句子，则第一个句子倒装，第二个句子不倒装。如：Notonlyisthestoryinteresting,butalsoitsEnglishwillhelpusinwriting.这故事不但有趣，而且它的英文文字对我们写作也有帮助。六、省略了if的虚拟条件从句[高考试题传真]1.________forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmsooften.(1995,上海)A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot2._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(1994,上海)A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will在含有were，had，should等词的虚拟条件句中，可把连词if省去，把这三个词移至句首，从而形成倒装。如:Wereheherenow(=Ifhewereherenow),hewouldtelluswhattodo.要是他现在在这儿，他会告诉我们怎么办的。Hadyoubeenatthemeetingyesterday,Ishouldhaveseenyou.要是你昨天参加了会议，我会看到你的。Shoulditnotrain,thecropswoulddie.要是不下雨，庄稼就要枯死了。七、连词as/though引导的让步状语从句[高考试题传真]________,hedoesn"tstudywell.(1985)A.AsheiscleverB.Heisasclever C.CleverasheisD.Ascleverheis这种状语从句的结构为“形容词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语”。在句首的如果是名词，不要带冠词;但如果名词前有形容词修饰，则常常带冠词。如:Oldasheis,heisfullofenergy.他虽然年老，但精力充沛。Tiredaxfeewas,heworkedlateintothenight.尽管他很累，但他仍工作到深夜。Childashewas,hewasverybrave.尽管他是个孩子，但他非常勇敢。PoorthoughIam,Icanaffordbeer.我虽穷，但还喝得起啤酒。八、so…that引导的结果状语从句[高考试题传真]So________thatnofishcanliveinit.(1992,上海)A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallowso在句首修饰形容词或副词表示强调时，主句要用倒装语序，后面通常接that引导的结果状语从句。如:Soloudlydidhespeakthathewasheardupstairs.他说话的声音那么大，楼上都听得见。Soastonishedwashethathecouldscarcelycontainhimselfforjoy.他如此惊讶，以至于高兴得不能自制。九、however引导的让步状语从句[高考试题传真]1.We"llhavetofinishthejob,________.(1999)A.longittakeshoweverB.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakesD.howeverlongittakes2.________,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.(1997)A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheishowever为连接副词，引导让步状语从句，其意义和作用相当于nomatterhow。however后面接形容词或副词，其基本结构为“however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”。如:Howevercolditis,shealwaysgoesswimming.无论天气多么冷，她总是去游泳。教你巧学巧记:巧学倒装句 倒装句是中学英语语法重点，也是高考试题的热点。其用法较为复杂。为了便于同学们掌握记忆，我们总结归纳了以下“四个要点”和“三个口诀”。希望对同学们学习与掌握这一知识有所帮助。一、辨清结构就是要分清是全部还是部分倒装。可记以下顺口溜：A．位置副词①there句②，全为句子保平衡③，neither,nor,so也如此④，上述全部倒着行。B.部分倒装要记清。位置副词主人称⑤，only⑥，否定词⑦放句首，让步⑧、虚拟⑨有感情⑩。说明：A.①②③④情况一般全部倒装。①表示位置关系的副词（如here,there,out,in,up,down,away等）开头的句型。如：Outrushedthesoldiers.②there开头的固定倒装句型。如：Theregoesthebell.③为了保持句子平衡，或强调表语或状语时，一般用全部倒装。如：Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.④“so(neither,nor)+助动词+主语”句型。如：HehasneverbeentoNewYork,neitherhaveI.B.⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩情况下一般用部分倒装。⑤当表位置关系的副词开头的句子主语是人称代词时，用部分倒装。如：Hereyouare.⑥only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句用于句首时。如：Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfromthemistakes.⑦表示否定意义的副词和连词(如no,not,never,little,hardly等)用于句首时，用部分倒装结构。如：Notasinglemistakedidhemake.⑧让步状语从句常用部分倒装。如：Proudasthesenoblesare,theydarenotseeme.⑨含有were,had,should的虚拟条件句，常用部分倒装而把if省略。如：HadIhadaknife,Iwouldhavelentittoyou. ⑩感叹句用部分倒装。如：Whatgoodnewsitis!二、记牢引词就是要记住哪些常用副词和连词常能引起倒装结构。中学教材常用到：9N①2S②和only,还有little,hardly。说明：①9N:no,not,never,neither,nor,notuntil,notonlybutalso,nosoonerthan,nomatter。②2S:so,seldom。三、注意位置就是要注意在复合句或并列句中，要在何处倒装。可记下列口诀：only,NU主倒装①，NB前句也一样②，NM前后不用管③，NN前后全倒装④。说明：①only+状语从句和Notuntil+状语从句位于句首时，只有主句倒装，从句不倒装。如：OnlywhenhetoldmedidIknowit.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.②Notonlybutalso引导的并列句。当Notonly位于句首时，前一个分句倒装。如：Notonlydidhecome,butalsohewasveryhappy.③Nomatter+状语从句，主句和从句的主语谓语均不倒装。如：Nomatterhowbusyheis,healwayscomestohelpus.④Neither,nor引导的并列句，若两词均位于分句之前，前后两句谓语动词均倒装。如：NeitherdoIknowhername,nordoeshe.巩固性练习：1.Look,________.A.herethebuscomesB.hereisthebuscomingC.herecomesthebusD.herethebusiscoming2.----WhereisKate?----Look,_______.Sheisattheschoolgate.A.theresheisB.thereissheC.hereyouareD.hereitis3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisright?A.IntheteachercameB.Indidcometheteacher C.IndidtheteacherD.Incametheteacher4.Out______,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush5._________,heishonest.A.AsheispoorB.PoorisheC.PoorasheisD.Poorasishe6.__________,heknowsalotofthings.A.AchildasheisB.ChildasheisC.AchildasisheD.Childasishe7.________,youcan’tlifttheheavyboxup.A.Evenyou’restrongB.StrongasyouareC.HowstrongyouareD.Asyou’restrong8.Socarelessly________thathealmostkilledhimself.A.hewasdrivingB.hedroveC.hashedrivenD.didhedrive9.Earlyintheday______theenemyweregone.A.thenewscamethatB.camethenewsthatC.didthenewscomethatD.camethenewswhich10.Onlywhenyourealizetheimportanceofforeignlangauges______themwell.A.youcanlearnB.canyoulearnC.thatyoucanlearnD.andyoucanlearn11.Onlyafterliberation_______tobetreatedashumanbeings.A.didtheybeginB.theybeganC.thattheybeganD.hadtheybegun12.Notonly_______tostayathome,buthewasalsoforbiddentoseehisfriends.A.thathewasforcedB.hewasforcedC.hadhebeenforcedD.washeforced13.Notuntilhisfatherwasoutofprison______toschool.A.thatJohncouldgoB.Johncouldn’tgoC.couldJohngoD.Johncouldgo14.Neverbefore_______suchastupidman.A.IhaveseenB.IsawC.haveIseenD.didIsee15.Rarely_________suchasillything.A.haveIheardofB.Ihaveheardof C.IhadheardofD.hadIheardof16.Little________abouthisownhealththoughhewasveryill.A.hecaredB.didhecareC.hashecaredD.hewouldcare17.Seldom_______himrecently.A.ImetB.IhavemetC.haveImetD.Ihadmet18.Hardly_________downwhensteppedin.A.IsatB.IhadsatC.didIsitD.hadIsat19.Nosooner_______asleep_______sheheardaknockatthedoor.A.hadshefallen;whenB.hadshefallen;thanC.didshefall;thanD.didshefall;whenedidnotseeSmith.________.A.NeitherdidIB.Nordidn’tIC.NeitherIdidD.Sodidn’tI21.----Yououghttohavegiventhemsomeadvice.----________,butwhocaredwhatIsaid.A.SooughtIB.SoIoughtC.SoIhaveD.SoIdid22.----Itwashotyesterday.----_______.A.ItwassoB.SowasitC.SoitwasD.Soitdid23.She’spassedtheexamination._________.A.SodidIB.SohaveIC.SoIhaveD.SoIdid24.----Youlikefootballverymuch.----_________.A.SodoIB.IdidsoC.SoIlikeD.SoIdo25.Ifyoudon’tgo,_________.A.Iwon’tgo,tooB.neitherwillIC.nordoID.sodon’tI26.Notonly______pollutedbut______crowded.(上海91)A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethestreetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswere27.So______thatnofishcanliveinit.(上海92)A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow 28.IfinallygetthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife______sohappy.(春季)A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt29.---Haveacupoftea,_______?---Thankyou.A.shallweB.won’tyouC.don’tyouD.haven’tyou30.Thenewsthattheyfailedtheirdrivingtestdiscouragedhim,______?A.didtheyB.didn’ttheyC.diditD.didn’tit答案：1.C2.A3.D4.B5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B10.B11.A12.D13.C14.C15.A16.B17.C18.D19.B21.D22.C23.B24.D25.B26.C27.C28.D29.B30.D