高考英语语法复习专题：冠词、名词 21页

上土市中学有效教学导学案年级：高三学科：英语课题：语法复习【专题一】冠词、名词【考情分析】1．冠词在高考中的考查重点：冠词虽小，只有a，an和the三个，但却是历年各地高考必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言，以单项选择为主，有时在完形填空和短文改错中出现。2．名词在高考中的考查重点：一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现,绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析,名词和表示数量词结合的考查,以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。【知识交汇】冠词1.以考查冠词的基础用法为重点（特指，类指，泛指）,熟记定冠词和零冠词的特殊用法；2.和某些抽象名词连用，使其具体化将成为考查重点；3.理解有无冠词意义不同的词组；4.对冠词的灵活运用即一些固定短语，特殊句式将仍旧会出现在高考试卷中。名词1.熟记近义名词的辨析2.熟记常见的不可数名词,单复数同形的名词,形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况,如：advice,furniture,equipment;means,works(工厂),series;police,cattle；family,audience等等3.掌握名词的抽象化和具体化4.掌握名词的所有格5.注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复6.熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用21 名词考点聚焦名词的数：可数与不可数可数名词单、复数变化形式（1）规则变化。①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy—boys,pen—pens。②以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass—glasses,box—boxes,watch—watches,brush—brushes。特例：stomach—stomaches。③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如：baby—babies,lady—ladies,fly—flies。④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。如：radio—radios,zoo—zoos,photo—photos,piano—pianos,kilo—kilos,tobacco—tobaccos。⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife—wives,life—lives,knife—knives,wolf—wolves,self—selves,leaf—leaves等。特例：handkerchief—handkerchiefs,roof—roofs,chief—chiefs,gulf—gulfs,belief—beliefs,cliff—cliffs。⑥改变元音字母的。如：man—men,mouse—mice,foot—feet,woman—women,tooth—teeth,goose—geese,ox—oxen。特例：child—children。⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair—armchairs,bookcase—bookcases,bookstore—book-stores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：mandoctor—mendoctors,womandriver—womendri-vers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law21 —brothers-in-law,passer-by—passers-by。⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero—zeros、zeroes,deer—deers、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。（2）不规则变化。①单、复数同形。如：means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works（工厂）,cattle。②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend—boy-friends,go-between—go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up—grown-ups。③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富,surroundings环境，ashes灰尘,campasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，havewordswithsb.同某人吵架，inhighspirits以很高热情地，giveone’sregardstosb.向某人问侯，inrags衣衫破烂，Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有礼貌做某事。④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：Thecrewislarge.船员人数很多（指整体）；Thecrewarealltired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。名词的转化1．一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：(1)抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词，可数名词)21 insurprise惊讶地asurprise一件令人惊讶的事winsuccess获得成功asuccess一个(件)成功的人(事)winhonor赢得荣誉anhonor一个(件)引以为荣的人(事)Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是成功之母.afailure一个(件)失败的人(事)havepityonsb.怜悯某人apity可惜的事情withpleasure乐意apleasure乐事(2)抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。请对比：Afterseveralyears"selfstudyheacquiredagreatdealofknowledge.AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.HaveyouhadanyexperienceofteachingEnglish？Ihadaratherdifferentexperiencetheotherday.Walkisagoodformofexercise.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim，bath，talk)withme？Itisawasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Thereistoomuchwasteinthisfactory.【易错警示】有些抽象名词不能具体化使用，即使有形容词修饰，也不能和不定冠词连用。这类名词有：fun，advice，information，health,progress,wealth,news,weather，homework等。2．物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：(1)物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。somecoffee一些咖啡acoffee一杯咖啡21 somedrink一些饮料adrink一杯饮料hishair他的头发afewwhitehairs几根白发glass玻璃aglass一只玻璃杯(2)物质名词有形容词修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。havebreakfasthaveawonderfulbreakfastTheroadiscoveredwithsnow.Theyhaveaheavysnoweveryyear.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Wehadawonderfultimelastnight.3．有复数形式的不可数名词(1)有些抽象名词有时以复数形式出现，表示具体化，意义发生变化或构成固定短语。如：useone"sbrains动脑筋meetwithdifficulties遇到各种困难makepreparations做准备inhighspirits情绪高涨goodmanners有礼貌Manythanks.非常感谢。Nopains，nogains.不劳无获。congratulations祝贺possessions所有物，财产21 surroundings环境(2)有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：burstintotears大哭起来milesofgoldensands绵延几英里的金黄色沙滩burntoashes烧成灰烬四、名词的格1．"s所有格的特殊表达形式(1)用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后。如：today"snewspaper,fiveminutes"walk(drive)，fivepounds"weight,tendollars"worthofapples。(2)用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：theearth"splant,theworld"spopulation,China"sindustry,NewYork"sparks。(3)表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop，house等名词。如：thetailor"s裁缝店，thebarber"s理发店，gotothedoctor"s上诊所。2．of所有格(1)基本形式：afriendofTom"ssome/twostudentsofmine(2)表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，of所修饰的名词前通常有指示代词that/this/these/those,但不能用the。如：Thatinventionofhersbelongstotheworld.她的那项发明是属于全世界的。(表赞赏)五、名词作定语名词作定语是现代英语较为简洁的修饰语表达方式，根据习惯搭配可归为以下几类：表示中心词的用途、功能、材料。stonewall,shoeshop,coffeecup21 表示中心词的时间、地点、称呼。summerschool,eveningdress,streetlight表示中心词的类别、对象、身份。bikekey,animaltrainer,womandriver注意：1．名词作定语时，一般用其单数形式，且不随后面的名词的单复数产生变化。如：twopencilboxes,girlfriends但是，少数的名词作定语却用复数形式，如：sportsshoes运动鞋clothesshops服装店asalesgirl女销售员agreetingscard贺卡acustomsofficer海关人员2．man和woman作定语要注意其单复数形式的变化。amandoctor—mendoctors;awomanengineer—womenengineers3．名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别。thegirlfriend女朋友—thegirl"sfriend那位女孩的朋友thewomandriver女司机—thewoman"sdriver那位妇女的司机4．名词作定语和形容词作定语的区别。名词作定语主要说明物质的材料、来源或对象；形容词作定语主要起修饰、限定的作用。goldwatch金表；goldensunshine金色的阳光21 hearttrouble心脏病；heartywelcome热忱的欢迎conveniencefood快餐；convenientfood制作方便的食品2、不可数名词的数（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）insurprise惊讶地asurprise一件令人惊讶的事winsuccess获得成功asuccess一个(件)成功的人(事)winhonor赢得荣誉anhonor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Failure(失败)isthemotherofsuccessafailure失败者失败是成功之母。byexperience靠经验anexperience一次经历youth青春ayouth一个青年人havepityonsb.怜悯某人apity可惜的事情withpleasure乐意apleasure乐事②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itiswasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.21 冠词考点聚焦一、冠词的基本用法与习惯用法关于冠词的基本用法和习惯用法，我们要记住这个口诀：名词冠词不分家，泛指特指惯用法。名词冠词不分家：冠词是虚词，不能单独使用，必须依附于名词才有存在的意义。而名词的可数与不可数，单数与复数等特点反过来也会影响冠词的使用。1.不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。China,America,SmithAirismatter.（2）可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。Thisdictionaryismine.（3）季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March,MayDay,NationalDay,Children’sDay,Women’sDayHaveyouhadsupper?Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.（4）称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。What’sthis,Father?Wemadehimourchairman.Asknursetoputthechildtobed.ProfessorLi.（5）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。Doyoustudyphysics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess.21 （6）复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。Theyarepeasants/workers.（7）在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。bycar,bybus,bybike,bytrain,byair/water/land但：takeabus,comeinaboat,onthetrain/bus需注意。（8）某些固定词组中不用冠词。①名词词组中：husbandandwife,brotherandsister,bodyandsoul,dayandnight,knifeandfork②介词词组中：to(at,from)school,in(to)class,in(to,at,from)university（college）,to（in,into,from）church,to(in,into,outof)prison(hospital,bed),to(at,from,outof)work,to(in,from)town,at(from)home,to(at)sea,atnight(noon,midnight),bycar(bus,bicycle,plane),onfoot注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。inhospital住院（因病）inthehospital在医院（工作、参观等）infrontof在前面，指某物体之外inthefrontof在前部，指某物之内incharge负责，主管outofquestion没问题inthecharge由……负责outofthequestion不可能（9）as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.（10）系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。21 Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.=Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter.（11）在单数名词+after+同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。Shedidexperimentafterexperiment.类似的还有：shopaftershop,mistakeaftermistake（12）形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。①“most+形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。Oh,it’smostbeautiful.②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。Sheisthetallestandfattestgirlinourschool.③当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。Themarketinthecountryisbusiestinwinter.④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。Awolfinasheep’sskinisourmostdangerousenemy.⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第……”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。…whyyoutookasecondarrow注意：下句中“afirst”表示“第一名、冠军”。Heisatopstudentinourclass;heoftengetsafirstinmaths.（13）no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage.（14）never、ever置于作主语的名词前，这些名词前不用冠词。21 Neverdidstudentstudysohard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。（15）有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。Conferenceopens.会议召开了。2.定冠词的使用情况（1）使用定冠词的一般情况。①特指或第二次提到。②序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。③用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。（2）定冠词使用特殊的场合。①Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,patsb.onthehead②therich,thepoor,thewounded富人，穷人，伤员③theelderofthetwo,hemorebeautifulofthetwo两者中较年长的一位，较漂亮的一个④Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。⑤Hegotpaidbythehour.他是按小时付工钱的。bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/theyear…但：byweight按重量⑥inthe50s/inthe1870s（表示年代）⑦theSmiths/theWhites（表示一家人或夫妇俩）⑧inthewater/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain⑨tellthetruth/ontheotherhand/onthewayhome⑩当抽象名词表示某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时，21 它与定冠词连用：Sheisfondofmusic.HeisplayingthemusicwrittenbyBeethoven.Goodadviceisbeyondprice.I’msorrynottohavetakentheadvicehegave.3.不定冠词常用的几种情况（1）表示“一”相当于“one”。I’llreturninadayortwo.（2）表示“每”相当于“per”。Wehavethreemealsaday.（3）表示“同一性”相当于“thesame”。Thechildrenareofanage.（4）表示类指，表示“某类”。Hewantstoheadoctor.（5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。Ahorseisausefulanimal.（6）表示某一个，相当于“acertain”。AMr.Smithisaskingtoseeyou.（7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：apleasure一件乐事，asurprise一件令人惊讶的事，ajoy一件高兴的事，apity一件遗憾的事，anhonour一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。Whataheavyrain!Whatagoodsupper!Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!4.冠词表类别的常见方式（1）定冠词+单数可数名词，表示一个，代表一类。Thecomputerwasinventedin1945.TheTVsetwasinventedbyJoanBaird.21 Thehorseisausefulanimal.（2）不定冠词+单数可数名词（表示任意一个，某一个）。Apenisatoolforwriting.Asquarehasfoursides.Ahorseisausefulanimal.注意：man,woman表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：Manisfightingabattleagainstpollution.Mantriestobetheprotectorofwoman.（3）可数名词或不可数名词，指类别（考虑到同类中的各个情况）。Horsesareusefulanimals.Riceisakindoffood.5.冠词位置问题（1）不定冠词+副词+形容词+名词。Thisisaveryinterestingstory.（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather+不定冠词+形容词+名词。I’veneverseensuchafilm!Halfapoundofpork,please!Whatagoodideaitis!（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Ican’tfinishthetaskinsoshortatime.Thisseemsnottoolongadistance.21 Wewonderhowdifficultaproblemheworkedout.Howeverlowtepriceyoupaid,youwasteyourmoney.Heisbraveenoughahuntertokillthebear.（4）定冠词位置。①half、twice、threetimes+the+名词Hepaidtwicethepriceforit.Theirhouseisthreetimesthesizeofyours.②all、both、double+the+名词Boththeblindmenweremistaken.Allthestudentsinourclassareeagertoknowthesecret.Iofferedhimdoubletheamount,buthestillrefused.抽象名词和物质名词具体化1．不可数名词的具体化，包括抽象名词的具体化和物质名词的具体化。所谓抽象名词的具体化，是指冠词用在抽象名词之前，表示“一种”、“一类”或“一个具体情况”等概念，使本来抽象的名词具体化，具有了“一”的含义。Thehouseisfullofjoy.Thelittlegirlisajoytoherparents.(令人高兴的人或物)Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Heisasuccessasanactor.(一个成功的人或物)Hegavemealotofpleasure.Itisapleasuretoworkwithyou.(一件令人愉快的事情)Shelookedupinsurprise.Whatagreatsurpriseyougaveme.(一件令人惊讶的事情)21 Knowledgeispower.Hehasawideknowledgeofanimals.(一门……的知识)Hereceivedlittleeducation.Hereceivedagoodeducation.(一种……的教育)精典名题导解1.Thewarmthof______sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof____woolused.（NMET2001）A．The;theB．the;/C．/;theD．/;/2.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith_________animalsof___________differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.（NMET2000）A．the…aB．/…aC．the…theD．/…the3.Papermoneywasin___________useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin__________thirteenthcentury.（NMET1999）A．the…/B．the…theC．/…theD．/…/4—John,thereisMr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.—I’minbath.A.a;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.the;不填5.Tomownslargercollectionofbooksthananyotherstudentinourclass.A.the;不填B.a;不填C.a;theD.不填;the6.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeman.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;不填7.Ashereachedfrontdoor,Jacksawstrangesight.A.the;不填B.a;theC.不填aD.the;a8.Expertsthinkthat__________recentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybe________Picsso.A.the;不填B.a;theC.a;不填D.the;a21 9.Dr.PeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus,“fifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”A.不填；AB.不填；TheC.the;TheD.a;A10.Incommunication,asmileisusually__________strongsignofafriendlyand_______openattitude.A.the,/B.a,anC.a,/D.the,an11.——It’ssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover＄60,000_____year.——Right,hewillalsogetpaidby_____week.A.the;theB.a;theC.the;aD.a;a12.In__mostcountries，auniversitydegreecangiveyou__flyingstartinlife.A．the；aB．the；/C．/；/D．/；a13.Somepeoplefearthat__airpollutionmaybringaboutchangesin__weatheraroundtheworld.A．/；theB．the；/C．an；theD．the；a14.Thereareover58000rockyobjectsin__　　　space，about900ofwhichcouldfalldownonto__earth.A．the；theB．/；theC．the；/D．a；the15.Manypeoplearestillin__habitofwritingsillythingsin__publicplaces.A．the；theB．/；/C．the；/D．/；the16.Gorgecouldn"trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson,buthewassureitwas__Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat__　church.A．/；theB．the；/C．a；/D．/；a17.—Haveyouseen__pen?Ileftitherethismorning.—Isit__blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A．a；theB．the；theC．the；aD．a；a18.Haveyouheard__news？Thepriceof__petrolisgoingupagain!A．the;theB．/;theC．the；/D．/;/19.Apersonwhohas__finalsayinaninternationalcompanyisusually__influentialone.A．a;theB．the;anC．the;theD．a;an20.Thisareaexperienced__heaviestrainfallin__monthofMay.A．/;aB．a;theC．the;theD．the;a21 21.WashingmachinesmadebyChinahavewon__worldwideattentionandHaierhasbecome__popularname.A．a;theB．/;aC．/;theD．the;a22.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtouse__Internetas__　　resource.A．/；aB．/；theC．the;theD．the;a23.—Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.—Itisnotyourfault.With__rushhourtrafficand__　heavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.A．a;aB．the;theC．/;/D．/;a24.It"s__goodfeelingforpeopletoadmiretheShanghaiWorldExpothatgivesthem__pleasure.A．/;aB．a;/C．the;aD．a;the25.“Thisvictoryaloneisnot__changeweseek—itisonly__　　　chanceforustomakethatchange.”saidObamainhisspeech.A．a;aB．a;theC．the;theD．the;a26.Inordertofind__betterjob,hedecidedtostudy__secondforeignlanguage.A．the;aB．a;aC．the;theD．a;the27.Thevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthat__peoplefromallwalksoflifeareworkinghardfor__newJiangsu.A．/;aB．/;theC．the;aD．the;the28.As__beautifulmovieaboutpain，struggle，hopeandlove，SlumdogMillionaireswepttheceremonywitheightawards，including__prizeforthebestpicture.A．a;theB．a;aC．the;aD．the;the29.__walkisexpectedtolastallday,sobring__　　　packedlunch.A．A;aB．The;/C．The;aD．A；/30.Ofallthesubjects，Ilike__historybestbecauseitgivesus__usefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.A．the；aB．/；aC．a；theD．a；/21 名词1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis___________itisascience.(NMET2001)A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas2.Thepoliceareofferinga__________toanyonewhocangiveinformationaboutthelostkey.（NMET1999）A.priceB.prizeC.rewardD.money3.You’llfindthismapofgreat_____________inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.（NMET1998）A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness4.Ifyoubuymorethanten,theyknock20penceoff.A.apriceB.priceC.thepriceD.price5.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemoths,thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich6.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf,outofthechildren’s.A.reachB.handC.holdD.place7.Thelackofeco-friendlyhabitsamongthepublicisthoughttobeamajorofglobalclimatechange.A.resultB.causeC.warningD.reflection8.Anyway,Ican’tcheathim—it’sagainstallmy____.A.emotionsB.principlesC.regulationsD.opinions9.“Tommy,run!Bequick!Thehouseisonfire!”themothershouted,with______clearlyinhervoice.21 A.angerB.rudenessC.regretD.panic10.Whenaskedabouttheiropinionsabouttheschoolmaster,manyteacherswouldprefertoseehimstepaside_________youngermen.A.intermsofB.inneedofC.infavorofD.inpraiseof11.What’sthe_____,inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself?A.sympathyB.themeC.objectD.point12.We’dbetterdiscusseverything_______beforeweworkouttheplan.A．indetailB．ingeneralC．onpurposeD．ontime13.Jamestookthemagazinesoffthelittletabletomake_______forthetelevision.A．roomB．areaC．fieldD．position14.Ihaven"tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl，andshehaschangedbeyond_________　　　　.A．hearingB．strengthC．recognitionD．measure15.—Don"tbesonaughty!Beyour________.—Gotit.A．mannersB．ageC．behaviorD．politeness16.—HowcanIusethisMP5?—Well,justrefertothe__________.A．directionsB．explanationsC．expressionsD．introductions17.InRome,it"sacommon_______tohaveashotofespressoafterbreakfast.A．practiceB．tasteC．senseD．customs18.Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly__________.A．atmosphereB．stateC．situationD．phenomenon19.—Hi，thisway,please.—OK.Isometimeshavenosenseof_________whenIarriveatthecrossroads.A．positionB．directionC．situationD．condition20．ShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst_______.A．intentionB．attemptC．purposeD．desire21 21.Mr.Brownthoughtitwouldbeagoodideatohave________fromhisworkerstoimprovehisplan.A．summariesB．enquiriesC．commentsD．connections22.Don"ttrytopersuadeyourboss，andhewon"thavethe________ofemployingme—afreshstudent.A．intentionB．attentionC．senseD．attraction22.Iboughtadressforonly10dollarsinasale；itwasareal________.A．exchangeB．bargainC．tradeD．business23.IfyouaskwhyIplantostudyintheUnitedStates，theonlyansweristhatitisa(n)______forme.A．puzzleB．advantageC．challengeD．average24.—Shallwegooutforawalk?—Sorry.Thisisnottheright________toinviteme.Iamtootiredtowalk.A．momentB．situationC．placeD．chance25.Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheir________andweaknesses.A．strengthsB．benefitsC．techniquesD．values26.ItiswellknowntousallthatinChinapigeonsstandforpeace.However,inIndiathewheelinitsnationalflagisalsoa________ofpeace.A．exampleB．signC．markD．symbol27.Onethousanddollarsamonthisnotafortunebutwillhelpcovermyliving________.A．billsB．expensesC．pricesD．charges21