中考英语语法：反意疑问句对应规则 8页

中考英语语法：反意疑问句对应规则反意疑问句是英语四大问句之一，它是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的。反意疑问句的基本构成形式是：陈述句+动词(肯定或否定)+主语？如：①Sheoftenhaslunchatschool,doesn’tshe?②Youdon’tlikesports,doyou?使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则：一、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：肯定+否定？否定+肯定？如：①Youcan’tdoit,canyou?②Theyareverylateforthemeeting,aren’tthey?二、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致。如：①Hehassupperathomeeveryday,doesn’the?(不能用hasn’the?)②Theyhaveknownthematter,haven’tthey?(不能用don’tthey?)三、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如：①Theywillgototownsoon,won’tthey?(不能用don’tthey?或aren’tthey?)②Heworksveryhard,doesn’the?(不能用didn’the?或won’the?)四、反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-,im-,in-,dis-,等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：①Yourfatherisunhappy,isn’the?(不能用ishe?)②Themanisdishonest,isn’the?(不能用ishe?)③ItisimpossibletolearnEnglishwithoutrememberingmorewords,isn’tit?(不能用isit?)五、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little,few,never,hardly,seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：①Shenevertellsalie,doesshe?(不用doesn’tshe?)②Hewasseldomlate,washe?(不用wasn’the?)六、反意疑问句的陈述部分为Iam……时，问句部分习惯上用aren’tI？表示。如：　　Iamaveryhonestman,aren’tI?8 七、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We)think(believe,suppose,consider)+that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如：①Ithinkthathehasdonehisbest,hasn’the?②WethinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,isn’tit?(不用don’twe?)八、反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We)don’tthink(believe,suppose,consider)+that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：①Idon’tthinkthatyoucandoit,canyou?(不用doI?)②Wedon’tbelievethatthenewsistrue,isit?(不用dowe?)九、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+think(believe,suppose,consider)+that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：①TheyallthinkthatEnglishisveryimportant,don’tthey?(不用isn’tit?)②Hedidn’tthinkthatthenewswastrue,didhe?(不用wasn’t/wasit?)十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said(told,reported,asked……)+that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：①Theysaidthatyouhadfinishedyourwork,didn’tthey?(不用hadn’tyou)②Katetoldyouthatshewouldgothere,didn’tshe?(不用wouldn’tshe?)十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时，问句部分的主语用it。如：①Somethingiswrongwiththecomputer,isn’tit?②Nothinghashappenedtothem,hasit?十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone),anybody(anyone),nobody(noone),everybody(everyone)时，问句部分的主语用he或they，这时问句动词的数应和he或they一致。如：①Someonehastakentheseat,hasn’the?②Everyonehasdonetheirbestinthegame,haven’tthey?十三、陈述部分为Letme……时，问句部分习惯上用shallI?或willyou?形式。如：Letmehaveatry,shallI?(willyou?)8 十四、陈述部分为Letus……时，问句部分习惯上用willyou?形式。如：　　Letusstoptorest,willyou?十五、陈述部分为Let’s……时，问句部分习惯上用shallwe?形式。如：　　Let’sgohometogether,shallwe?十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用willyou?形式表示请求，用won’tyou？形式表示委婉请求或邀请。如：①Dositdown,won’tyou?/willyou?②Youfeedthebirdtoday,willyou?③Pleaseopenthewindow,willyou?(won’tyou?)十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用willyou?形式。如：　　Don’tmakeanynoise,willyou?十八、陈述部分为There(Here)+be+主语时，问句部分用动词+there(here)?形式。如：①Therearetwocakesontheplate,aren’tthere?②HereisastoryaboutMarkTwain,isn’there?十九、陈述部分用hadbetter+原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用hadn’t+主语？形式。①You’dbettertellhimaboutthematter,hadn’tyou?②Wehadbetterdoitbyourselves,hadn’twe?二十、陈述部分用usedto+主语时，问句部分用didn’t+主语？或usedn’t+主语？形式。①Heusedtoliveinthecountry,didn’the?/usedn’the?②Theyusedtobegoodfriends,didn’tthey?/usedn’tthey?二十一、陈述部分用must(may,might)+have+V-ed表示推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用过去时形式。如：①Hemighthaveforgottenhispenintheclassroomyesterday,didn’the?　(不用mightn’the?/hasn’the?)②Youmusthavegotuplatethismorning,didn’tyou?(不用mustn’t8 you?/haven’tyou?)二十二、陈述部分用must(may,might)+have+V-ed表示推测时，若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如：①Everyonemusthaveknownthedeathofthewaitress,haven’tthey?(不用mustn’tthey?)②Youmusthaveworkedthereayearago,didn’tyou?(不用mustn’tyou?/haven’tyou?)二十三、陈述部分的主语为从句时，问句部分的主语一般用it代替，如：①Whathesaidistrue,isn"tit?(不用didn’the?)②Wherewewillbuildthedamhasnotbeendecidedyet,hasit?(不用won’twe?)二十四、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时，问句的主语用it代替。如：①Todoonegooddeediseasyforaperson,isn"tit?②Skatingisyourfavoritesport,isn"tit?反意疑问句是由两部份构成的，前一部分是对事物的述说（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的发问（即简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开。要是前一部分用确定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；要是前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用确定疑问句。两部份的人称和时态要同等。其回答是用yes或no来示意。1、含be(is,are,was,were)动词的反意疑问句其句型是：句型一:主语+be+其余，isn’t(aren’t,wasn’t,weren’t)+主语? 句型二:主语+benot+其余，is(are,was,were)+主语?①YouarefromAmerica,aren’tyou?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.②Itisn’tverycoldtoday,isit?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.③Tomwasawayyesterday,wasn’the?Yes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.④TheGreenweren’tathomelastnight,werethey? Yes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.8 ⑤MaryisreadingEnglishnow,isn’tshe?Yes,sheis.No,sheisn’t.⑥Yourparentsaren’tgoingtohaveapartythisSunday,arethey?　　Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t. ⑦Thegirlsweresingingwhentheteachercamein,weren’tthey?　　Yes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.注重：Therebe句型 ①Thereisanoldpictureonthewall,isn’tthere?Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.②Therearen’tanychildrenintheroom,arethere?Yes,thereare.No,therearen’t. ③Therewasn’tatelephonecallforme,wasthere?Yes,therewas.No,therewasn’t.④Therewereenoughpeopletopickapples,weren’tthere?Yes,therewere.Nothereweren’t.2、举动动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句 其句型是：句型一:主语+动词本相+其余，don’tI(you,we,they)?句型二:主语+don’t+动词本相+其余，doI(you,we,they)?句型三:主语+动词第三人称单数+其余，doesn’the(she,it)?句型四:主语+doesn’t+动词本相+其余，doeshe(she,it)?①YouoftenwatchTVintheevening,don’tyou? Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.②Thestudentsdon’tstudyhard,dothey? Yes,theydo.No,theydon’t.③MarystudiesChinesehard,doesn’tshe? Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’t.④Theboydoesn’toftengotoschoolbybike,doeshe?Yes,hedoes. No,hedoesn’t.8 ⑤Thefirstclassbeginsateight,doesn’tit? Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.3、举动动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句其句型是：句型一:主语+动词过去式+其余，didn’t+主语?句型二:主语+didn’t+动词本相+其余，did+主语?①YouwatchedTVlastnight,didn’tyou? Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.②Jim’sparentsdidn’tgotoHongKonglastmonth,didthey? Yes,theydid. No,theydidn’t.③Therainstopped,didn’tit? Yes,itdid.No,itdidn’t.④Mr.Clarkedidn’tbuyacar,didn’the? Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.4、一般将来时的反意疑问句其句型是：句型一:主语+will+动词本相+其余，won’t+主语?句型二:主语+won’t+动词本相+其余，will+主语?①Theboyswillplaygames,won’tthey? Yes,theywill. No,theywon’t.②Itwon’tstopraining,willit? Yes,itwill. No,itwon’t.③Mr.Smithwillvisitourschoolnextweek,won’the?Yes,hewill.No,hewon’t.注重：Therebe句型的一般将来时①Therewillbeabasketballmatchtomorrow,won’tthere? Yes,therewill. No,therewon’t. ②Therewon’tbetoomuchpollutioninthefuture,willthere? Yes,therewill. No,therewon’t.5、现在完成时的反意疑问句其句型是：句型一:主语+have+动词过去分词+其余，haven’t+主语?8 句型二:主语+haven’t+动词过去分词+其余，have+主语?句型三:主语+has+动词过去分词+其余，hasn’t+主语?句型四:主语+hasn’t+动词过去分词+其余，has+主语?①YouhavebeentoShanghaibefore,haven’tyou?YesIhave.No,Ihaven’t.②Youhaven’tbeentoShanghaibefore,haveyou?YesIhave.No,Ihaven’t.③Jackhasdonehishomework,hasn’the? Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.④Jackhasn’tdonehishomework,hashe? Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.6、如今完成进行时的反意疑问句其句型是：句型一:主语+havebeen+动词如今分词+其余，haven’t+主语?句型二:主语+haven’tbeen+动词如今分词+其余，have+主语?句型三:主语+hasbeen+动词如今分词+其余，hasn’t+主语?句型四:主语+hasn’tbeen+动词如今分词+其余，has+主语?①Youhavebeenskatingforfivehours,haven’tyou?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.②Youhaven’tbeenskatingforfivehours,haveyou?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.③Bobhasbeencollectingkitessince1999,hasn’the?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.④Bobhasn’tbeencollectingkitessince1999,hashe?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.7、含有情态动词的反意疑问句其句型是：句型一:主语+情态动词+动词本相+其余，情态动词否定情势+主语? 句型二:主语+情态动词否定情势+动词本相+其余，情态动词+主语?①YoucanspeakFrench,can’tyou? Yes,Ican.No,Ican’t.②Theycan’tunderstandme,canthey?Yes,theycan.No,theycan’t.8 ③Anncouldswimwhenshewassix,couldn’tshe?Yes,shecould.No,shecouldn’t.④Thestudentsmuststudyhard,mustn’tthey?Yes,theymust.No,theyneedn’t.注重：Youmustgohomenow,needn’tyou?Yes,Imust.No,Ineedn’t.★ 值得注重的是偶然英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加之not），　　而是用上了“never,little,few,hardly,nothing,nobody”等词，这时候该陈述句也属于否定句，因而，反意疑问句的后半部份运用确定疑难式。①YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou? Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.②Mr.Fathasfewfriendshere,doeshe? Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.③Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,isthere? Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.④Hecoulddonothing,couldhe? Yes,hecould.No,hecouldn’t.8、祈使句用于反意疑问句中 这类类型较特别，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是确定疑难情势。回答也较天真。句型一:Letme+动词本相+其余，shallI?Letmeopenthedoor,shallI?Yes,please.No,thanks.句型二:Let’s+动词本相+其余，shallwe?Let’sgoforawalk,shallwe? Goodidea! Sorry,Ican’t.句型三:其余情势的祈使句，willyou?Comeintotheclassroom,willyou? OK.Pleasebecareful,willyou?8