高考英语语法专题精讲精练-虚拟语气 3页

语法专题七：虚拟语气1.规则虚拟：即含if从句的复合句，表示与事实相反。具体时态搭配为：时间if从句主句对将来did(were)/wereto+do/should+dowould/could/might/should+do对现在did(were)同上对过去haddonewould/could/might/should+havedone注意：1)交叉时间虚拟：即主、从句不在同一时间，注意各自的时态。2)虚拟与非虚拟：即一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。3)虚拟中的倒装：如if从句中含should,had,were等，可将其置于句首，且省略if。4)介短、副词代替if从句：如without,butfor,intheabsenceof(如果没有),or,otherwise2.表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词+名从中的虚拟，从句动词:(should)do适用词群：advise,ask,demand,desire,direct(指导，要求),insist,order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,urge等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等，后跟名从。注意：当insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”，suggest为“暗示、表明”时，要用陈述语气，即实际时态。3.wish等词+从句：从句时态向后退一格：即表示现在、将来用did/were/was;表示过去用haddone。适用词群：wish,asif/though,Ifonly(要……就好了),wouldrather,Itis(about/high)time等。4.情态动词+havedone表虚拟：should/oughttohavedone本应该做（实际没做，含“责备”之意）could/mighthavedone本可以做（实际未做）needn’thavedone本没必要做(实际做了)wouldlike/lovetohavedonewouldratherhavedone本来想要做某事(但未做)hadbetterhavedone5.句型：1)Ifitwerenotfor…,Iwould/should/might/could+do“要不是……，我现在就……。”（对现在的虚拟）Ifithadnotbeenfor…,Iwould/should/might/could+havedone.“要不是……，我当时就……。”（对过去的虚拟）2)Itisimportant/necessary/natural/strange…+从句Itisashame/pity/nowonder…+从句.以上从句谓语动词皆为：(should)do3)hadhoped/expected/intended/planned/…+todo本希望/打算做……(但未做成)巩固练习：1.---Ifhe______,he______thatfood.---Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken第3页共3页 2.______computernotbeusedtomorrow,itwouldtakeusalongtimetodothejob.A.ShouldB.WereC.HadD.May3.Thelawrequiresthateveryone______hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.haveC.willhaveD.shallhave4.Theirwordssuggestedthey______tired,andIsuggestwe______thefurthertraining.A.are;putoffB.were;putoffC.had;putoffD.were;shallputoff5.He______youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.Heactedasifhe______theboss.A.shouldhavegiven;wereB.mighthavegiven;hadbeenC.mayhavegiven;hadbeenD.maygive;was6.Hisproposalisthatthemachine______atonce.A.isstoppedB.wouldbestoppedC.bestoppedD.isbeingstopped7.---Where______?---Igotstuckintheheavytraffic,orI______hereearlier.A.didyougo;hadarrivedB.wereyou;wouldcomeC.are;wasD.haveyoubeen;wouldhavebeen8.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI______youradvice.A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow9.Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient______seriouslyilland______operatedonatonce.A.be;beB.was;wasC.was;beD.be;was10.---HaveyouvisitedtheGreatWallofChina?---No,butIwishI______.A.willB.hadC.haveD.did11.---ShallItellthemthenews?---No,Iwouldratherthey______knowit.A.won’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.didn’t12.Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you______havecomethismorning.A.needn’tB.mayn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t13.Isn’tittimethatyou______someone’slife______easier?A.willmake;abitB.made;alotofC.made;abitD.have;alittle14.---IthoughtyouwerecomingbackfromShanghainextweek.---Oh,I______tostaythereforonemoreweek,butIchangedmymind.A.wouldhaveintendedB.intendC.hadintendedD.haveintended15.---Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe______toMiamibuttoNewYork?---Iagree,buttheproblemis______hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what16.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone17.---HowIwanttohavestudiedharderwhenIwasinschool.---Ifyouhad,you______workintolateeverydaynowadays.Anyhow,betterlatethannever.A.don’tB.wouldn’tC.didn’tD.won’t18.Withoutyourhelp,ourteam______thelastmatch.A.won’twinB.willloseC.wouldn’thavewonD.can’thavelose19.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou______ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.A.wereB.wasC.areD.be20.Ourgeographyteacherhasneverbeenabroad,butheoftentalksasifhe______tomanycountries.A.hadbeenB.shouldhavebeenC.wouldhavebeenD.hasbeen第3页共3页 虚拟语气：BABBACDCCBDACCBDBCCA第3页共3页