高中英语语法复习学案教师版——冠词 5页

高中英语语法复习学案教师版——冠词★Underlinethearticlesinthefollowingsentencesandtelltheusagesofthem1.The(特指)famoussportsstar,whoisalsoa(一个)greatsuccessinbusiness,isinpossessionofa(一笔)hugefortune.2.Asisreported,the(普通名词构成的专有名词前)CPIwentupmainlybecauseofan(元音音素前，表“一”)18.2%riseinfoodprices.(一)不定冠词的用法1.【填冠词】auniversityaone-eyeddogaEuropeancaranhouranX-rayanuglymananhonor【总结】不定冠词有a;an两种形式，当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音（不是元音字母）时用an当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音（不是辅音字母）时用a【题组训练】1.Iearn10dollarsanhourasasupermarketcasheronSaturday.2.Theteacheraskedustowritean800-word–longcomposition.2.【用英语解释冠词的用法】1)Theyareanage.(=thesame)2)Iwillreturninadayortwo.(=one)3)Hi,John.AMr.Smithiswaitingforyououtside.(=acertain)【题组训练】1.There’sadictionaryonthedeskbyyourside.2.IknowaJohnLemon,butnottheoneyouknow.3.Theyaretwins,sotheyareofanage.3.【填冠词】1)Myworkexperienceandeducationbackgroundhavesuppliedmewithmanyskillsandanunderstandingofdealingwiththeteenagers.2)Hehasafinecollectionofpaintings.3)Aknowledgeofaforeignlanguageisnecessary.4)YouneedXspecializedknowledgetodothisjob.【总结】有些由动词转化而来的不可数名词，如果后面有of,在这些名词前需要加上a或an，即抽象名词的具体化4.【短语】haveacoldhaveagoodtimehaveagiftforhaveawordwith…inahurryonceinawhileatalossforawhileonceuponatimeallofasuddenatadistancehaveapopulationofawasteof…have/takearesthaveaholidaygetalift/ridegoonadietamatterof…【题组训练】1.Idon’twanttohavewordswithyou.Iprefertohaveawordwithyou.2.XW(w)ordcamethatthepresidentwouldinspectthem.【特殊位置】1.WhataninterestingbookIhaveread!=HowinterestingabookIhaveread!what/such/half…+a/an+可数名词单数2.Thisdressistwiceasexpensiveasthatone.=Thisistwiceasexpensiveadressasthatone.so/as/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数3.Thatwasaquiteextraordinaryexperience.=Thatwasquiteanextraordinaryexperience.quite/rather+a/an(+adj.)+可数名词单数(二)定冠词的用法1.【观察】1)TheGreensareattable.2)TheChensaregoingtomovetoLangfang.【总结】用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或者夫妇5 2.【观察】theTangDynastytheSpringandAutumnPeriodinthe1990s【总结】用在朝代、年代名词前和逢十的数词（表示某个年代）前3.【观察】1)Ihavehiredthecarbythehour.2)Eggsaresoldbythedozen.【总结】用在表量度单位的名词前，表示“每一”【题组训练】1.ThedietismeasuredinXcalories,whilethefoodissoldbythepound.2.ThecostofthisproductiscalculatedbyXweight.4.【填介词】takesb.bythearmhitsb.inthefacestrikesb.ontheback【总结】句型：动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位5.【短语】makethemost/bestofinthedaytimeintheendinthehabitofinthedistanceinthewayonthewholeontheright/leftatthesametimeontheonehand…ontheotherhandatthemomentgotothecinema/theatregotothedoctor’stheotherdayforthetimebeingontheradio/phoneonthespottotellyouthetruthbythewaytothepublic6.【观察】Howdoyoulikethefilm?【总结】在特指的人或物前，表示“这/那”7.【观察】Thisismyroom,theroomisbrightandclean.【总结】用在前面提到过的人或物的前面，或者与其相关的事物前8.【观察】Pleaseremembertotakethemedicine.【总结】用在双方都知道的人或物前9.【观察】thesun;themoon;thesky【总结】用在世界上独一无二的事物及自然现象前10.【观察】Thecargoesfasterthanthebike.【总结】定冠词可以用来表示类指11.【观察】Thefirstgirlishisyoungersister.【总结】定冠词可以用在序数词前12.【观察】ThisisthebestbookIhaveread.【总结】定冠词可以用在形容词和副词的最高级前13.【观察】Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.【总结】定冠词可以用在形容词的比较级前，表示“两者中较……的”14.【观察】theyoung;theliving;thedead【总结】定冠词用在形容词、动词-ing、或者动词过去分词前，表示一类人、一类事或一类活动15.【观察】Themilkonthetableisher.ThisistheplacewhereIoncelived.【总结】定冠词可以用在被修饰性的名词短语或从句前16.【观察】thepolice;thefamily【总结】定冠词可以用在集体名词或可数名词复数前，表示整体17.【观察】Bellinventedthetelephonein1861.【总结】在表示发明的单数可数名词前用定冠词18.【观察】playthepiano;playtheviolin【总结】表示乐器的名词前要用定冠词19.【观察】inthesouthofFrench【总结】方位名词前用定冠词20.【观察】theChangjiangRive;theSouthSea;MountQilian;TaiwanIsland;LakeMichigan【总结】在江、河、海、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前用定冠词；而山峰、岛屿、湖泊前用零冠词21.【观察】thebarber’s(shop);thetailor’s(shop)【总结】在表示公共团体、公共建筑和店铺的名词前要用零冠词22.【观察】intherain;inaheavyrain【总结】在表示自然现象的名词前要用定冠词；但是如果名词前有形容词修饰的话，要用零冠词5 23.【观察】themore,thebetter【总结】“the+形容词比较级，the+形容词比较级”意思是“越……越……”24.【观察】theChristians;theAmericans;theworkingclass【总结】“the+某些名词”表示民族、阶层等25.【观察】exactlythesamecolor;justtherightplace;halfthestory;doubletheamount【总结】在名词词组中，定冠词一般放在最前面；但是词组中有exactly;just;half;double;twice;all;both等修饰词的话，定冠词应该放在这些词后面(三)零冠词的用法1.【观察】1)Fatherwenttohisdoctorforadviceabouthishearttrouble.2)Horsesareusefulanimals.【总结】不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词【题组训练】1)HelikestotalkonthephonewhileIpreferwritingXletters.2)WaterischangedintoXsteambyheatandintoXicebycold.3)TheW(w)aterinthewellissweet.2.【口诀】月、季、星期、节假、洲；呼语、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语；学科、棋类名词前【题组训练】1)XA(a)utumnistheharvestseason.2)Theorganizationwasfoundedinthespringof2010.3.【观察】1)Hasheturnedscientist?2)Whendidhebecomeascientist?【总结】系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词做表语，用零冠词4.【句型转换】1)Althoughheisahero,hehassomeshortcomings.Heroas/thoughheis,hehassomeshortcomings.2)Thoughheisayoungman,hehasseenmuchoftheworld.Youngmanas/thoughheis,heasseenmuchoftheworld.【总结】as表示“尽管”时，做表语的单数名词放在句首，省略冠词a/an5.【特殊用法】翻译：老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。Theteachercamein,bookinhand./withabookinhishand./holdingabookinhishand./abookheldinhishand.6.【短语】penandinkmasterandservantonsecondthoughtsnosuchboycometolightcometopowergivebirthtoincaseofcome/rankfirstaheadoftimeindebtdayandnightinpublichusbandandwifefatherandsonsunandmoonsidebysideshouldertoshouldercatchfirefacetoface【题组训练】1)MaryisalwaysshyinXpublic,andsheneverdarestomakeaspeechtothepublic.2)Thelittlegirlisveryhappy,XfloweronXhead.3)HeturnedXpoliticianmanyyearsago.【注意】1.名词前有this;that;these;those;some;no或形容词性物主代词时，用零冠词2.duringthesummerof2014Itwasahardwinter在表示时间的名词前，如果是特指，要用the;如果表示的是具有某种特点的某个时间，需要用a或an3.一般在中国传统的节日前需要用the;而其他由“Day”构成的节日前用零冠词4.Thisisagoodlunch.Howdoyoulikethebreakfast?三餐的名词前如果有修饰性形容词，则要加a或an;如果是特指，则要用the5.HydeParkLondonBridge由专有名词+普通名词构成的专有名词用零冠词6.Room312基数词表示编号是，用零冠词7.bybus/train/planeby+交通工具的名词，用零冠词8.Somepeoplethinkthathusbandandwifeshouldneverworktogether.以and连接的两个相对名词并用时，用零冠词四、冠词的活用5 1.【填冠词】1)Ididn’tthinkmychanceofXsuccesswereverygood.2)Hisnewbookwasagreatsuccess.3)Thegirlcameasacompletesurprisetome.4)Heexpressedthesurprisethatnoonehadofferedtohelp.5)Ofherplays,threeweresuccessesandonewasafailure.6)Justasthefamoussayinggoes,XfailureisthemotherofXsuccess【总结】抽象名词具体化时，前面可能会用a或an；特指时应该用the2.【填冠词】1)Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?2)Thispairofshoesisnotfitforme.Wouldyoushowmeabiggerone?3)Heisthemostdiligentstudentinourclass.4)Itisamostusefulbook.(averyuseful)【总结】形容词比较级前用the表示“两者当中较……的”形容词比较级前用a/an表示“再/更……”most前用the表示“三者或以上中最……的”most前用a,并无比较含义，而是等于very3.【观察】1)Godownthisroadandturnleftatthesecondcrossing.2)Canyougivemeasecondchance,please?3)Hewasonly5yearsoldwhenIfirstsawhim.【总结】“the+序数词”表示排序；“a+序数词”表示“又一、再一”；序数词修饰动词时，用零冠词4.【填冠词】1)NeilArmstrong,thefirstmantowalkonthemoon.2)Afullmoonhangsoverthegarden.【总结】世界上独一无二的事物前一般用the;但如果名词前有修饰成分，可用a/an5.【观察】Beyondthestars,theastronautsawnothingbutspace.【总结】牢记高考证常见的纯不可数名词，它们是：weather;fun;space(太空);advice;word(=news);progress;information;news,以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用6.【观察】playthepiano;playtheviolin;playerhu;Heisplayingaborrowedviolin.【总结】西洋乐器名称前往往用定冠词，但是当此类名词用作普通名词时，可以与不定冠词连用；中国乐器名称前用零冠词7.【观察】BeijingNewYorktheChangjiangRivertheHudsonRivertheWestLaketheGreatwalltheSummerPlaceBeijingUniversity=theuniversityofBeijing【总结】A.不含有普通名词的纯专有名词前用零冠词B.在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河前用定冠词C.在由普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词D.有一些地名，如果是以纯专有名词开头的，一般用零冠词；但是如果是以普通名词开头的，一般用定冠词8.【观察】有无冠词的区别gotoschool去上学goto/beatchurch去做礼拜/在做礼拜gototheschool到学校去（不一定是去上学）goto/beatthechurch去/在教堂（不一定是在做礼拜）gotobed就寝；上床睡觉gotosea出海（是海员）gotothebed向床走去；走到床前（不一定是去睡觉）gotothesea去海边（不一定是海员）5 beinhospital在住院beinprison在坐牢beinthehospital在医院里（不一定是病人）beinthehospital在监狱（不一定是犯人）infrontof在……(外部)的前面sitattable吃饭inthefrontof在……(内部)的前面sitatthetable坐在桌旁（不一定是吃饭）byday在白天takeplace发生bytheday按天计算taketheplaceof代替inpossessionofsth.拥有某物insightof能看见inthepossessionofsb.为某人所拥有inthesightof据……的见解inplaceof代替infuture今后intheplaceof在……的地方inthefuture将来takeadvice征求意见Heisstillinoffice.他仍在执政。taketheadvice听从劝告Heisstillintheoffice他仍然在办公室里Sheisinclass.她在上课Thereisstillsomefoodinstore.食物尚有储存Sheisintheclass.她在那个班里Thereisstillsomefoodinthestore.仓库里还有些食物Itisoutofquestion.=beyondquestion那是毫无疑问的Itisoutofthequestion=impossible那是根本不可能的Heisinchargeofthefactory.他负责这家工厂Thefactoryisinthechargeofhim.这家工厂由他负责五、普通名词前使用冠词的类指用法1.在“a/an+单数名词”“the+单数名词”“零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词”中，所用冠词都可以表示类指，但有细微区别：（1）“the+单数名词”指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的Thecargoesfasterthanthebike.（2）“a/an+单数名词”侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点Atigerisatypeofverylargefiercewildcatthathasyellowfur.（3）“零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词”侧重指类别中的许多个体Farmersarebusyinautumn.（4）在使用冠词时要根据要表达内容的具体情况而定Thetigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.(√)Atigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.(X)2.the+形容词或分词有时也可以表示类指thewoundedthedyingtheunknownthedeaftheyoungtheoldthelivingthedead3.民族词汇前的冠词类指用法是在复数民族词汇前加theTheChinesearehard-working.类指TheFrench/Frenchmenareromantic.类指TheFrenchmenareplayingtennisnow.专指5