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语法突破两百句(第一期)1.现在进行时现在进行时表示正在发生的动作。Keepquiet!Thebabyissleeping.(安静!娃娃在睡觉。)现在进行时也表示即将发生的动作。I"mtired.I"mgoinghomenow.Goodnight!(我累了。我要睡觉了。晚安!)Look!Thebusiscoming!(看,车来了!)MybossisleavingforSouthKorea.(我老板马上要去韩国。)2.一般现在时一般现在时表示真理或规律性的动作。Ricedoesn"tgrowincoldclimates.(寒冷的气候不适于水稻生长。)Ialwaysgotoworkbycar.(我总是开车上班。)比较现在进行时与一般现在时:前者表示正在发生的动作,后者表示经常存在的状态。Ican"tunderstandwhyheisbeingsoselfish.Heisn"tusuallylikethat.(我不明白他此刻怎么这么自私。他平时不这样。)3.一般过去时一般过去时是简单陈述过去发生的事情。Weinvitedthemtoourpartybuttheydecidednottocome.(我们请了他们参加聚会,但他们决定不来。)Iwasangrybecausetheywerelate.(我生气,因为他们迟了。)4.过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个具体时刻正发生的动作。IwaswalkinghomewhenImetDave.(我碰到大卫时,我正往家走。)Tomburnthishandwhenhewascooking.(汤姆做饭时烫了手。)5.现在完成时现在完成时表示:刚刚完成的动作;曾经有过的经验;重复发生的过去动作;过去动作或状态延续至今或者强调过去动作对现在的影响。Ihavejustfinishedmywork.(我刚刚完成我的工作。)Ihaveneverbeenabroad.(我没迈出过国门半步。)
Ilovethismovie.Ihaveseenittentimes.(我太喜欢这片子了!看了十遍了,我!)I"mhungry.Ihaven"teatenanythingsinceyesterday.(我很饿了,昨天到现在都没吃过东西。)Whataboringmovie/film!It"sthemostboringmovie/filmIhaveeverseen.(这电影真没劲!是我看过最糟糕的电影。)6.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示从过去开始延续到说话时一直发生的动作。HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?(你学英语有多久了?)比较现在完成时与现在完成进行时Maryisstillwritingletters.She"sbeenwritinglettersallday.(马力还在写信,她写了一整天的信。)Maryhaswrittentenletterstoday.(马力今天写了十封信。)7.过去完成时过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的动作。AtfirstIthoughtI"ddonetherightthing,butIsoonrealizedthatI"dmadeamistake.(开始我以为我做对了,但是很快就发现自己犯了个错误。)Thehousewasdirty.Theyhadn"tcleaneditforweeks.(房子很脏,他们好几个星期没打扫了。)8.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时表示过去某事发生之前的一段时间内一直发生的动作。IwasverytiredwhenIarrivedhome.I"dbeenworkinghardallday,(我到家时非常累。我一整天都在玩命地干!)Kengaveupsmokingtwoyearsago.He"dbeensmokingforthirtyyears(两年前肯戒了烟,之前他抽了三十年烟。)9.将来时一般将来时表示未来将要发生的动作。Lookatthoseblackclouds.It"sgoingtorain.(看那成堆的乌云,要下雨啦!)Ithinktheweatherwillbenicelater.(我想天气一会儿会好。)过去将来时一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。Hetoldmethathewouldgiveuphisjob.(他告诉我他要辞职。)10.情态动词情态动词不能单独作谓语,只能与实意动词一起构成谓语。有:shall,should,will,would,can,could,may,might,must,dare,need,oughtto,beableto,usedto,等。Wecanseethelakefromourbedroomwindow.(从卧室的窗口可以看见那湖。)
Iwassotired.Icouldhavesleptforaweek.(我累死了!我能蒙头睡上一星期。)Willyoushutthedoor,please?(请你把门关上,好吗?)WheneverArthurwasangry,hewouldwalkoutoftheroom.(阿瑟生气时,就会出去。)Liz,canyoudomeafavor?(李兹,帮个忙吧?)CouldIuseyourmobilephone?(能借用一下您的手机吗?)Whereshallwegothisevening?(今晚咱们去哪?)ShouldweinviteSusantotheparty?(要请苏三参加舞会吗?)Youmustkeepitasecret.Youmustn"ttellanybodyelse.(你必须保密,谁都不能讲。)IamnotsurewhetherIcanlendyouanymoney.Imaynothaveenough.(我也不清楚能否借钱给你。我自己可能都不够。)Youmighthaveleftitintheshop.(可能你把它落在店里了。)We"vegotplentyoftime.Weneedn"thurry.(我们有大把时间,不急。)Theydarenottellthetruth.(他们不敢说实话。)Ireallyoughttogoandhavemyeyestested.(我确实该去检查一下我的眼睛了。)Youusedtosmoke40cigarettesaday.(他以前每天狂抽四十根烟。)Jackwasanexcellenttennisplayer.Hewasabletobeatanybody.(竭克是个网球健将。他天下无敌。)11.被动语态被动语态用于说明动作的承受者。Thesituationisserious.Somethingmustbedonebeforeit"stoolate.(形势危急。得及时采取措施。)Howisthiswordpronounced?(这词儿怎么读?)Haveyoueverbeenbittenbyadog?(被狗咬过吗,你?)Idon"tlikebeingtoldwhattodo.(我不喜欢别人来告诉我该干啥。)12.间接引语间接引语是转述别人的话。一般由引述动词say,tell,ask,declare,remark,reply,think,write
等引出。Tomsaidthathewasfeelingill.(汤姆说他不舒服。)Hetoldmethathelovesme.(他说过他爱我。)Heaskedmeifhecouldgosteadywithme?(他问,能不能继续和我约会。)13.疑问句与助动词疑问句中,助动词位于主语之前。助动词本无词汇意义,不能单独作谓语,在句中它与实义动词构成各种时态,语态和语气以及否定和疑问结构。Doyoulivenearhere?(你住的离这儿近吗?)WhatcanIdo?(我能怎么办?)CanyoutellmewhereIcanfindLinda?(你能告诉我在哪可以找到林大吗?)Doyouknowwhattimethefilmbegins?(你知道电影何时开始?)Doesyourhusbanddoanycookingathome?(你老公在家做不做饭?)Haveyouhadanybreakfastyet?(你吃过早餐了吗?)Susanhasn"tbeenmarried,neitherhasLiz.(苏三没结婚,李兹也是。)Youdon"tknowwhereKarenis,doyou?(你不知道卡轮在哪,是吧?)Keepquite,willyou?(安静点,好吗?)IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?(我能为你做点什么吗?)Whodiedandmadeyouking?(你算哪根葱?)Whatelseistheretodo?(还有什么事好干?)Whichpersondoyouthinkisqualifiedforthejob?(你认为哪一个人能胜任这份工作?)Whereareyoufrom?(你从哪儿来的?)Whenwillthetrainleave?(火车什么时候开?)Howdoyougotoworkeveryday?(你每天怎么上班?)Whydoyoukeepaskingmethesamequestion?
(你怎么又问我同样的问题?)Howlongdidittakeyoutoaccomplishthiscomplicatedjob?(你花了多久才作完这复杂的活儿?)Howsoonwillitbewhenyourbrotherdiscoversyou"vebeendatinghisgirlfriend?14.动词的-ing形式与不定式Afterwatchingthered-dressedwomenwalkby,Iwenttotherooftopandwatchedworkersweavewastebaskets.(看那群红衣女郎走过,我爬上屋顶看工人们编垃圾筐。)Look,thefallingleavesareallyellow.Lotsoffallenleavesmaketheroadyellow.(看那飘零的落叶,都是黄色的,黄色的落叶铺满的路面。)Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,preparingalongspeechforthepresident.(秘书工作到深夜,为总统准备发言稿。)Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(如果悉心照料,树会长的更好。)Whenhewasdecoratinghishouse,hehadgottenthebedroompaintedfirst.(他装修房子时,先刷了卧室。)Shedoesn"tapprovegambling.(她反对赌博。)Pleaseforgivemefornotwritingtoyou.(原谅我没有写信给你。)It"snogoodtryingtopersuademe.Youwon"tsucceed.(劝我没用。你不会成功的。)It"sawasteoftimereadingthatbook.It"srubbish.(看那本书真是浪费时间。那简直是垃圾。)Whydon"tyoucomeswimmingwithus?(你干嘛不和我们一起游泳呢?)Toseeistobelieve.(百闻不如一见。)Tofinishsomuchworkinadayisimpossible.(一天之内干完这么多事是不可能的。)Itisimportantforustoexpressouropinions.(对我们来说,表达我们的意愿很重要。)Nottograspfirmlyisnottograspatall.(抓而不紧等于不抓。)Mywishistobeafirst-classinterpreter(我的愿望是作一流的口译。)Wefounditdifficulttoworkwithhim.(我们发现和他共事很难。)Hehasnochoicebuttowait.(除了等待,他别无选择.)Mr.Huaweialwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.(华威先生总有开不完的会。)Shehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive.(她没钱,也没地方住。)
Tobeornottobe,that"sthequestion.(生存亦或死亡,是问题所在。)Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.(为了更好的服务于人民,我好好学习。)Hewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.(他气的连话都说不出来了。)Afterthatdaytheywereseparated,nevertoseeeachotheragain.(那日一别,他们再没重逢。)Youarenevertoooldtolearn.(活到老,学到老。)Hemadeuphismindtoonceagainaskforherhandinmarriage.(他下决心再一次向他求婚。)15.冠词与名词冠词是置于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而单独存在。一般来讲,定冠词表示特指,不定冠词表示泛指。某些情况用零冠词。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.(一天一苹果,医生远离我。)LakeBaikalisthedeepestofallthelakesintheworld.(贝加儿湖是世界上最深的湖泊。)Membersofthepressweren"tallowedintothemeeting.(新闻记者不得进入会场。)TheMacdonaldsfinishedsupperatMacdonald"s,andthenbowledatthebowlingalley.(麦可糖那一家在麦当劳吃过晚饭后去球馆打保龄。)Afteryouvisityourmominthehospital,callmesowecanmeetatthemovies.(在医院看过你妈妈之后,给我打电话,我们在电影院碰面。)TheShawsnaturallywereamusicalfamily.(肖氏一家天生爱好音乐。)Hewasasleek,shortmanwithabrightbald-head,pinkface,andgold-rimmedglasses.(他身材矮小,穿着时髦,头光秃,面粉红,戴一副金丝边眼镜。)名词是表示人,事物和抽象概念的词。Thebeautifulareenviedbytheugly.(美人总为丑陋者所嫉妒。)Thearenobatteriesintheradio.(收音机里没电池。)Therewasnoelectricityinmydormlastnight.(昨晚我宿舍没电。)There"sahairinmysoup.(我的汤里有根头发。)You"vegotverylonghair.(你的头发很长。)Helivesinatwo-roomapartment.
(他住在一套两房公寓里。)16.代词与限定词。代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。一般词义很弱,必须从上下文确定,同时有两种功用:取代名词或作修饰语。Idon"twanttosharearoomwithanybody.Iwantmyownroom.(我不想和任何同住,我想要自己住。)Thefilmitselfwasn"tgoodbutIlikedthemusic.(电影本身不怎么样,但音乐还不错。)Nobodyphonedme,didthey?(没人来电话,对吧?)HespeakslittleChinese,soit"sdifficulttocommunicatewithhim.(他只能讲一点汉语,所以和他交流很难。)HowIwishallthemoneyweremine!(我多希望这些钱都是我的。)17.关系从句关系从句包括:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,定语从句,同位语从句以及状语从句。通常由以下连词连接:Who,what,that,which,whose,whom,where,when,why,andhow.Whatyouhavejustsaiddoeshurthim.(你刚才说的话真伤他的心了。)ThisisjustwhatIwanted.(这正是我想要的。)Hesuggestedthatwefindabetterjob.(他建议我们找个好点的工作。)Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.(隔壁住着的那个女人是医生。)Idon"tlikestoriesthat/whichhaveunhappyendings.(我不喜欢结尾不是大团圆的故事。)Everythingthathappenedwasmyfault.(所有的事都是我的错。)ThenewsthatNATObombedtheChinaEmbassyinYugoslaviaoffendedallChinesepeople.(北约轰炸中国南斯拉夫大使馆的消息激怒了每一个中国人,)Thenewsthattheleaderwillcomehereisnottrue.(头儿要来的消息不可靠。)WheneverIvisithim,heisnotathome.(不管我什么时候去找他,他都不在家。)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(有志者事竟成。)Whereverthereissmoke,thereisfire.(无风不起浪。)IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.(我摔了好几跤,全身又青又紫。)Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.
(尽管小,他懂得多。)18.形容词与副词形容词修饰名词或代词,副词修饰动词或形容词。两种词都有原级,比较级和最高级。Shewasnotespeciallypretty.Butshewasextremelybright.(她不是特别漂亮,但她极聪明。)GermanisamoredifficultlanguagethanEnglishis.(德语比英语难学。)Usuallymotherscookmoredeliciousfoodthanfathersdo.(通常,妈妈做的饭比爸爸做的好吃。)Thecoffeeisveryweak;Ilikeitabitstronger.(咖啡太淡了,我要浓一点的。)It"saveryoldcastle.ItistheoldestoneinBritain.(这个城堡很古老,它是英国最老的了。)Sheisaworkaholic.Shealwaysregardsworkasthemostimportantthingintheworld.(她是个工作狂。她觉得工作是世上最重要的事。)Hedidverybadlyontheexam----worsethanexpectedalmosttheworstintheclass.(他考的不好,比期望的还糟。几乎是全班最差的。)Themobilephoneisaspopularasthebeepernowadays(现在手机和寻呼机一样普及。)Itisbecomingharderandhardertofindajob.(现在找工作是越来越难了。)Themoreyouexercise,thefitteryouwillbe.(越运动,越健美。)Theharderyouwork,thericheryouwillbecome.(工作越努力,你就越富裕。)19.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想和建议等。Ifyoulovedme,youwouldn"tsaythat.(如果你爱我,你就不会那样说。)Wewould"vecalledataxiifLizhadn"tofferedusaridehome.(假如李兹不送我们回家,我们就打的了。)Youwouldn"thavemetherifithadn"tbeenforhim.(如果不是他,你就见不到她。)IfIwereyou,Iwouldn"thaveboughtthatvase.(如果我是你,我就不买那花瓶。)Hadheworkedharder,hewouldhavegottenthoughtheexams.(如果他努力了的话,他就会通过考试的。)Idon"tthinkitisadvisablethatTombeassignedtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.(我觉得把这工作交给汤姆做并不明智,因为他没有经验。)ButfortheEnglishexamination,IwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.(上个星期天,要不是有英语考试,我就去听音乐会了。)Itistimethatwemadeadecision.
(是我们作出决定的时候了。)Iwouldratheryoucametoseemenow.(我宁愿你现在就来看我。)Ifonlyhewerehere.(要是他在就好了。)IwishIhadfollowedyouradvice.(我真希望我采纳了你的建议。)20.介词介词又叫前置词,一般置于名词之前。它是一种虚词,在句中不单独做任何句子成分,只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其它句子成分的关系。DoyougiveeachotherpresentsatChristmas?(你们圣诞节互送礼物吗?Ilearnttodriveinfourweeks(我四个星期就学会了开车。).AfterworkinghardduringthedayIliketorelaxintheevening.(白天干了一天,晚上我要放松一下。)There"reusuallyalotofpartiesonNewYear"sEve.(除夕之夜有很多晚会。)Theconferencewasverywellorganized.Everythingbeganandfinishedontime.(会议安排的很好。开始和结束都准时。)Imusthurry.Iwanttogethomeintimetoseethefootballmatchontelevision.(我得赶快,我想按时回家,去看球赛。)Attheendoftheconcert,therewasagreatapplause.(音乐会结束时,响起了热烈的掌声。)Jimcouldn"tdecidewheretogoforhisholidays.Hedidn"tgoanywhereintheend.(几亩决定不了去哪渡假,最终他哪儿也没去。)You"llfinddetailsofTVprogramsonpageseven.(你能在第七版找到电视节目的详细预告。)Haveyouseenthisarticleinthepaper?(你在报上看到过这篇文章吗?)LondonisontheriverThames.(伦敦位于泰吾士河边。)Iwasstandingattheback,soIcouldn"tseeverywell.(我站在后面,看不清。)Wegotstuckinatrafficjamonourwaytotheairport.(去机场途中塞车了。)I"venevermethimbutI"vetalkedtohimonthenet.(我没见过他,但我和他在网上聊过天。)SometimesIhaveproblemsatworkbutonthewholeIenjoymyjob.(有时我的工作也有问题,但总的来说,我喜欢我的工作。)Thetrainwastravelingat120milesanhour.(火车时速一百二十英里。)Didyoupaybycheckorcash?
(你用支票还是现金?)Thefirmcloseddownbecausetherewasn"tenoughdemandforitsproduct.(工厂关门了,因为产品供过于求。)Thetrainwaslatebutnobodyknewthereasonforthedelay.(火车晚点了,但没人知道为什么。)Doyouthinkwewillfindasolutionfortheproblem?(你认为我们会解决这个问题吗?)Lastyearwasabadyearforthecompany.Therewasabigfallinsales.(去年公司不景气。销售额骤减。)Thankyou.Itwasveryniceofyoutohelpme.(谢谢你帮我,你真好。)IamveryimpressedwithherEnglish.Itwasgood.(我对她讲的英语印象很深。很流利。)Hewaslateagain.It"stypicalofhimtokeepeverybodywaiting.(他又迟到了。他的特点就是让别人等他。)Shegotveryangryandstartedshoutingatme.(她气极了,冲我大喊。)Idon"tcareforveryhotweather.(我不喜欢热天。)Sueaccusedmeforbeingselfish.(苏指责我太自私。)Don"tlookoutofthewindowconcentrateonyourwork.(别看窗外,专心工作。)21.短语动词Thebuswasfull.Wecouldn"tgeton.(车挤得满满的,我们上不去。)Awomangotintothecaranddroveoff.(一个女人钻进小车,飞驰而去。)SallyisleavingtomorrowandcomingbackonSaturday.(傻俐明天走,星期六回来。)WhenItouchedhimontheshoulder,heturnedaround.(我拍他的肩膀,他转了过来。)SorryIamlate.Thecarbrokedown.(抱歉我晚了,车坏了。)Lookout!Thereisacarcoming.(小心,车来了。)Itwasmyfirstflight.Iwasnervouswhentheplanetookoff.(我第一次坐飞机,起飞时我有点紧张。)Iwasverytiredthismorning.Icouldn"tgetup.(我早上很累,起不来。)MyFrenchisn"tverygoodbutitisenoughtogetby.(我的法语不是太好,但应付一下也够了。)
Whydidyourunawayfromme?(你为什么从我身边跑开?)Youarewalkingtoofast.Ican"tkeepupwithyou.(你走得太快,我跟不上。)Areyoulookingforwardtoyourholiday?(你在盼着你的假期吗?)Jackistryingtocutdownonsmoking.(竭克正竭力戒烟。)TheygavemeaFORMandtoldmetofillitout.(他们给我一张表让我填。)Pleasefillintheblankswhenyouareansweringthetestquestions.(你考试时请把那些空填上。)IthinkI"llthrowawaythesenewspapers.(我想我要扔了这些报纸。)Sandywassosickthatshethrewupalloverthebathroomfloor.(三滴病了,吐了洗手间一地。)IarrangedtomeetJaneafterworklastnightbutshedidn"tturnup.(我昨晚安排下班后见简,但她没来。)Thatmanwassodisgusting,Iwasinstantlyturnedoff.(那男人真恶心,我立即拒绝了他。)Weallknowhowwonderfulyouare.Thereisnoneedtoshowoff.(我们都知道你不错,没必要再买弄。Thetaller,morecharismaticofthetwofriends,outshinedtheotherattheparty.(那两个人又高又精神,在舞会上格外出众。)IfyoumakeamistakeontheFORM,justcrossitout.(如果填表出了错,划掉即可。)Shewasofferedajobasatranslator,butsheturneditdown.(有人请她去作翻译,她拒绝了。)Wouldyouliketoseethefactory,I"dliketoshowyouaround.(你想参观一下工厂吗?我可以领你四处看看。)Didyoushowuptothemeetingyesterday?