2012高考英语语法金点拨：虚拟语气 4页

2012高考英语语法金点拨：虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑、愿望、要求、命令、建议等。一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：表示与…事实相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去完成式(had+doneshould(第1人称)/would/could/might+havedone现在过去式(did)(be常用were)should(第1人称)/would/could/might+动词原形(do)将来①过去式(did)②should+do③weretodo1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)（一）、省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.-----WereItomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.-----Shouldhefailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.（二）、错综时间的条件句即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn"tdoitmuchbetterlikethis.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)（三）、含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中.Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.Iwassobusythen,Otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.二、在宾语从句中1、下列动词后面接的宾语从句：表示建议(suggest,advise,propose,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令(order,command)等动词用should+do构成,should可省略。 Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。2、wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式2)过去：用过去完成式(haddone)3)将来：用情态动词(would/could/might)+doIwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一边。IwishIwere30yearsyounger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.我希望你能找到一个好职业。Hewishedhehadn"tdoneit.他想要是他没这样做该多好。3、记住：insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表“坚决要求”用虚拟形式，即should+do;表示“坚持说”，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasillandtheteachersuggestedthathe(should)seethedoctor.Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。Heinsistedthathewasright.4、在would(had)rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句中当从句表现在或将来时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.I’drathertheyhadn’tgonetoschoolyesterday.三、在主语从句中1.句型：Itisinsisted/ordered/commanded/suggested/proposed/advised/desired/demanded/required/requested,etc+Subject–clause(should)doItissuggestedthatmiddleschoolstudents(should)previewtheirlessonsbeforeclasses.建议中学生课前应预习课文。2.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。3.用于“Itisapity,itisashame等+that”等结构后的主语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形Itisapitythatheshouldbesocareless.四、在表语从句中主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish/desire)、建议(suggestion/advice)要求(requirement/demand)、命令(order,command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用(should)+do.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.五、在同位语从句中 同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch.六、在asif/asthough从句中（）在asif从句中，常用虚拟形式，谓语动词同wish.(一)、asif连接表语从句shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.她看起来似乎是冰做的helookedasifhehadn’tsleptfortwodays.(二)、asif连接方式状语从句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。Hespeakstousasifhehadbeenthere.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。注：在look,seem等动词后的“asif/asthough”从句中,当表真实情况时,用陈述语气;否则用虚拟语气.Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.(真实情况)Itseemsasthoughitwerealreadyspring.(虚拟语气)七、虚拟语气中的几个特例1.ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.2.It’s(high/right)timethat…that从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should+do(should不可省)It’stimethatyoulefthere.3.WouldyoumindifIdid?/DoyoumindifIdo?我打开窗户你介意吗？WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?Do/Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?4.forfearthat(生怕)/incase(以防)+目的状语从句（should)doTakeanumbrellawithyouincaseitshouldrain.5.情态动词+havedone（以下表对过去某事的责备或懊悔）couldhavedone本来可能---mighthavedone本来可以---should/oughttohavedone本来应该做--shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不该做--hadbetterhavedone当时最好做了---hadbetternothavedone当时最好没做---wouldratherhavedone当时宁愿做了---wouldrathernothavedone当时宁愿没做--needn’thavedone本不必做---didn’tneedtodo没必要做也没有做---Idressedverywarmlyforthetrip,butIneedn"thavedoneso.Theweatherwashot.Youneedn"ttellJohnaboutit.I"vetoldhimalready.　　Iwouldratherhavetakenhisadviceatthemeeting.我宁愿在会上听从了他的意见Youhadbetternothavescoldedher.你最好没有责备过她。6.虚拟语气表示祝愿注意:动词用原形,后边用!即：may+人+do!wish+人+名词!LonglivetheChinesepeople!Godblessyou!Mayyouhavealongandhappylife!Wishyouahappybirthday!