八年级英语语法专练 16页

八年级重点语法专项讲练（培优专用）(八上)重点语法简单句的五种基本类型简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。简单句只包含一个主谓结构，各成分都有词或词组担任。1.主语+不及物动词（S+vi.）。例如：Heswimswell.他游泳游得很好。Thechildrenareplaying.孩子们正在玩。注意：有些不及物动词之后可以加上一个介词或副词构成动词短语。这时，这个动词短语可以接宾语。例如：Heiswaitingforme.他正在等我。Pleaselookattheblackboard.请看黑板。2.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+vt.+O）。例如：WespeakEnglish.我们会说英语。HeiswatchingTVnow.现在他正在看电视。3.主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）。例如：Thebikeisnew.这辆自行车是新的。Shefeltworried.她感到担心。注意：be是常见的连系动词，除be之外，能够用作连系动词的词还有：look,taste,sound,seem,feel,smell,become,grow,get,turn等。4.主语+及物动词.+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+vt.+IO+DO）。例如：Sheshowedherfriendsallherpictures.她把她所有的图画都拿给她的朋友看。Heboughtmeanewbike.他给我买了一辆新的自行车。注意：“直接宾语+间接宾语”又叫双宾语。表示人的名词或代词称为间接宾语，而表示物的名词或代词称为直接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。当直接宾语在间接宾语之前时，在间接宾语之前应该加介词to或for。例如：Pleasegivemeapen.=Pleasegiveapentome.请给我一支钢笔。Mymotherboughtmeapairofshoes.=Mymotherboughtapairofshoesforme.我的妈妈给我买了一双鞋。5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+vt.+O+C）。例如：Wecankeepitwarm.我们会保持它温暖。LinTaoaskedhisfathertobuyanewbag.林涛要他爸爸给他买一个新书包。LingFengmadethebabystopcrying.凌峰使婴儿停止了啼哭。注意：1）能够作宾语补足语的结构常是：动词不定式，现在分词（短语），过去分词（短语），形容词，副词，介词短语等。2）在动词see,watch,hear,feel,let,make等后面用不定式作宾语补足语时，应该省略不定式标志to。单项选择：a.S+Vb.S+V+Oc.S+V+Pd.S+V+IO+DOe.S+V+O+C1.DannyspeaksEnglish.______2.Mumboughtmeanewbike._______3.Everyonelaughed..4.Ifelthungry..5.Hehelpedmedomyhomework..非谓语动词①动词原形：1.Let/make/helpsb.dosth.(让/使得/帮助某人做某事)2.hear/see/notice/watchsb.dosth.(dosth强调这个动作的全过程，意味着已经过去或经常进行)3.Whynotdosth?(为什么不做某事？)4.hadbetter(not)dosth.(最好(不)做某事)5.Will/Wouldyouplease(not)dosth?(请你(不)做某事好吗?)1.Thehospitalisveryfarfromhere.You"dbetter________(catch)abus.2.Ihearyouboughtanewwatch,Letme________(have)alookatyourwatch.3.Jimtoldusafunnystoryandthestorymadeus_________(laugh).4.Theproblemisveryhard,Whynot_____(ask)theteacherforhelp?5.It"stimeforclass,Wouldyouplease______(keep)quiet?()6.---Willyouplease______at7o"clock?---Yes,Iwill.A.towakemeupB.towakeupmeC.wakemeupD.wakeupme()7.Thisisanewword.why______inthedictionary.A.notlookupitB.notlookitupC.don"tyoulookupitD.bothBandC()8.Don"tmakeme_____thisorthat.I"mtoobusy!A.todoB.doingC.doD.done9.---MayIlistentothemusichere,Mr.White?---Sorry,You"dbetter_______itlikethat.A.nottodoB.notdoC.don’tdoD.notdoto()10.---DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?---Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing②动名词:动名词既具有名词的特征，在句子中既可做主语、表语、宾语和定语，又保留了动词的功能，可以有自己的宾语和状语而构成动名词短语。动名词的形式是：动词加ing。当动名词在句子中作主语时，其谓语动词必须用单数形式。动名词的用法：(1)作主语：用于表示的是泛指的而不是一次性的动作。动名词作主语经常采用it作形式主语。如：Playingfootballinthestreetisverydangerous.=Itisverydangeroustoplayfootballinthestreet.Readingbooksinbedisbadforoureyes.(2)作宾语。如：Manybusinessmenenjoyplayinggolfandtennis.主要结构有：like/enjoydoingsth.(喜欢做某事);finishdoingsth.(做完某事);prasticedoingsth(练习作做某事);havefundoingsth.(做某事开心);keepsb.doingsth.(让某人持续做某事);giveupdoingsth.(放弃做某事);thanksfordoingsth.(感谢做某事);lookforwardtodoingsth.(渴望做某事);begoodat=dowellin(擅长做某事);-16- What/Howaboutdoingsth?(做某事怎么样?);spendsometime/moneyindoingsth.(花费时间/金钱做某事);;stopdoingsth.(停止做某事);needdoingsth.(需要做某事，物作主语);withoutdoingsth.(没有做某事)……(3)做表语。主要结构有：bebusydoing(忙于做）/Thenewtermiscoming.Thestudentsarebusycleaningtheclassroom.(4)做定语：Thereisashopsellingallkindsofthingsnearthetrainstation.(4)标识语：Nosmoking!(禁止吸烟！)Noparking!(禁止停车！)(5)去做某事：goswimming/shopping/fishing/skating/boating...A.填空1."Stop____(talk),please,"Thefilmhasbegun.2.Canyoufinish_____(draw)apictureinfiveminutes?3.Mostofyoungpeopleenjoy______(sing)popsongs.4.---Can"tyouseethesign"No_________(smoke)"?---Sorry,Ididn"tseeit.7.I"msorrytohavekeptyou_______(wait)foralongtime.8._____(do)morningexercisesisgoodforourhealth.10.Thedoctorisbusy______(operate)onthepatient.12.Theboywassoangrythathelefttheroomwithout________(say)aword.15.Mybikeisbroken,Itneeds_________(repair).16.---BobspeaksChinesequitewell.---Yes,sohedoes.Hepractices_____(speak)Chineseeveryday.17.Theyspentthewholedayin_________(visit)theirrelativesandfriends.18.JakeBoothisgoodat________(paint).19.---Whatabout________(fly)kitesafterschoolthisafternoon?---That’sagoodidea!20.---Wouldyouliketogo________(swim)withusthisSunday?---I’dloveto,butmyparentswon’tallowme.21.Ihavefun_______(play)thepianoafterschool.22.Maryislookingforwardto_____(visit)theGreatWalloneday.③动词不定式：没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，它还具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。它的形式是to+动词原形，否定式为notto+动词原形。要点结构：A.动词不定式可以直接做主语。但在英语中，常用it做形式主语,真正主语不定式放在后面，用It"s+adj./n.+todosth.句型。如：Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisveryimportant.It’sourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.B.不定式用在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为做主语。Myworkistocleanthestreeteveryday.C.做宾语补足语。可以带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有tell/ask/encourage/teach/advisesb.(not)todosth.还可以构成findit+adj+todosth.(it为形式宾语)D.做宾语：主要结构有wouldlike/hope/forget/remember/tryone"sbest/need/decide/agree/...todosth.E.做定语：不定式做定语须放在被修饰词的后面。如：Bequiet!Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Thebesttimetoplanttreesisinspring.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit.注意：如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。如：Theroomistoosmallforustolivein.Ihavenopentowritewith.F.做状语：①目的状语:如：TolearnEnglish,MissLiuwenttoEnglandin1997.Thestudentsweresotiredthattheystoppedtohavearest.②原因状语：如：I’msorrytohearthat.I’mgladtoseeyouagain.③结果状语:如：Theboyistooyoungtojointhearmy.Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people.G.与疑问词连用：如：whattodo/howtodoit/whichonetochoose/wheretogo/whentostart...A.填空1.It"sveryimportantforus_________(learn)Englishwell.2.Myhomeisnearourschool.Ittakesmehalfanhour________(walk)there.3.It"shalfpastsixnow.It"stimeforus_______(have)supper.4.Wefinditeasy________(find)agoodjobifyoustudyEnglishwell.5.I"manEnglishteacher.Myjobis_______(teach)English.6.Myambitionis________(be)adoctor,whataboutyours?7.---Wouldyoulike_______(go)swimmingwithmethisafternoon?---Yes,I"dloveto.8.Tryyourbest_____(learn)Englishwell,you"llfindagoodjob..9.Don"tforgot____(turn)offthelightswhenyouleave.10.Myparentsoftenencourageme______(study)hardatschool.12.Theteachertoldus_________(nottalk)inclass.14.Bequiet!Ihavesomethingimportant_______(tell)you.-16- 15.I"mhungry,pleasegoandgetsomething_____(eat).16.Theboyisfouryearsold,heistooyoung____(go)toschool.17.Wehaveworkedfortwohours.Nowlet"sstop____(have)arest.18.Therearesomanykindsofshoes,Ican"tdecidewhichone_______(buy).C.句型转换:2.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?(同义句)Canyoutellmehow___________tothepostoffice?4.IhopethatIcanseehimassoonaspossible.(同义句)Ihope____________himassoonaspossible.5.Theboyissoyoungthathecan"tjointhearmy.(同义句)Theboyis___young_____jointhearmy.6.TounderstandbusinessEnglishishard.(同义句)____ishard________businessEnglish.④分词：分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词主要结构有：see/hear/notice/watchsb.doingsth.过去分词主要结构有：beworriedabout;bepleasedwith;beinterestedin;besurprised;getlost/dressed/married;bookswrittenbyLuxun;carsmadeinJapan;填空。1.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyleg,Ithinkit"s_________(break).3.Ithinktheshopis_______(close)atthistimeofday.4.Keeptogether,oryou"llget_________(lose).6.Wewere__________(surprise)tohearthenews.8.Canyoutellmewhenyoursistergot_________(marry)?9.Youlook________(worry).What"sthematter?17.Onmywayhome,Isawawallet______(lie)ontheground.（七年级）基础语法连系动词用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。常见的有：be;seem;look;sound;smell;feel;taste;get;become;turn,grow等。1.Youlook______(worry),what"sthematterwithyou?2.Whenspringcomes,theweathergets______(warm)andthedaysget______(long).（）4.Don"teatthemeat.Itsmells_______.A.badlyB.deliciousC.wellD.terrible5.Fatherissleeping.You"dbetter______.A.keepquietlyB.keepquietC.tokeepquietD.tokeepquietly6.---______areyoufeelingnow?---Muchbetter.A.WhatB.HowC.WhereD.When7.Theapple______(尝起来)verysweet.Pleasegivemesomemore.8.It_______(似乎)thathehasbeentomanycountries.助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完整，不能单独做谓语。助动词有be;have;will;shall;would和do等。助动词在句中和实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。简单句英语中的句子按其用途和意义，可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。A.单数句型与复数句型：①单数句型改为复数句型时，相应的单数形式，比如主语、谓语、宾语和表语等都要改为复数形式，不可遗漏。1.He/sheisastudent.____________students.2.It’sanoldphoto.______areold________.3.This/thatisabigtomato._______/________arebig__________.②当名词作定语时，不可轻易将名词改为复数形式，因为名词作定语常用单数形式。1.It’sanappletree.______________appletrees.2.Thereisashoeshopnearmyhouse.There_____________shoeshopsnearmyhouse.③复数句型改为单数句型时，注意将名词复数变为单数形式，若名词是泛指类别时，一定要加不定冠词。1.These/thoseareinterestingstories.______/________is______interestingstory.2.Theyareorangedresses._____is______orangedress.B.肯定句变否定句：一般在be动词（am;is;are;was;were)、助动词（do;does;did;will;wouldhave;has;had)、情态动词（can;may)后加not，往往要缩写，有些不定代词可以用其反义词构成句子的否定。例如：something---nothingmuch---littlemany---feweverybody---nobodyeveryone---noonealways---neveroften---seldom一些副词也要随之变化。例如：too---eitheralready---yetsome/something---any/anything;and连接两个并列成分时,一般应将and改为or.1.Wehavealreadyseenthefilm.We_______seenthefilm_____.2.ThereissomethingwrongwiththeTV.There__________wrongwiththeTV.3.Thechildrenleftthecinemaafterthefilmwasover.(同义句)Thechildren____leavethecinema____thefilmwasover.5.Youmustn"tmakeanynoiseinclass.(否定祈使句)__________anynoiseinclass!7.Jimlikesart,too.Jim___________art,______.-16- 10.You"dbetterclosethedoor.You"dbetter_________thedoor.11.Wouldyoupleasekeepquiet?(同义句)Wouldyouplease_______anynoise?C.一般疑问句：通常要提前be动词（am;is;are;was;were)、助动词(do;does;did;will;shall;would;have;has)、情态动词(can;may;must;should),通常用Yes或No回答，提问时用升调。肯定句中含有some或something时,一般应将some或something改为any或anything,但委婉语气疑问句除外．already应改为yet.1.Jimhasbreakfastathomeeveryday.___Jim____breakfastathomeeveryday?2.Heatesomethingniceyesterday.______he______________niceyesterday?3.Let"sgoforawalk!____________goforawalk?4.I"dlikesomethingtodrink._______youlike________todrink?5.I"vealreadycleanedtheroom._____youcleanedtheroom_____?D.特殊疑问句：用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。不能用Yes或No回答,读时用降调。疑问词有疑问代词who(谁;主格);whose(谁的;对所有格);whom(谁；宾格);what(什么);which(哪一个，对定语)和疑问副词when(何时);whattime(几点);where(何地);how(怎样，对方式或程度);howoften(多久一次，表频率）；howlong(多长时间，表时长)；howsoon(多久以后，表in+时段);howfar(表距离)。特殊疑问句的构成：1.疑问代词+陈述语2.疑问代词/疑问副词+一般疑问语序(一)疑问代词（作主语）+陈述语序What’sinthepencilcase?铅笔盒里是什么？Whoisintheclassroom?谁在教室里？Whoseisthispen?这是谁的钢笔？(二)疑问代词/疑问副词（非主语）+一般疑问语序1.问姓名，职业，物,事，语言用what提问。如：HernameisLiMing.----Whatishername?Myfatherisateacher.----Whatisyourfather?=Whatdoesyourfatherdo?Theyareredroses.---Whatarethey?Theyareplayingfootball.---Whataretheydoing?PeopleinCanadaspeakEnglish.---WhatdopeopleinCanadaspeak?2.问人用who提问ThegirlinahatisMeimei.---Whoisthegirlinahat?3.询问钟点用whattime，问何时用when,问星期用whatday，问日期用What’sthedate?Itissevenfifteen.---Whattimeisit?=What’sthetime?Igotoschoolonweekdays.---Whendoyougotoschool?ItwasSundayyesterday.---Whatdaywasityesterday?ItisOctober15,2008.---What’sthedate?4.问地点用where.如：Hisfatherworksinafactory.---Wheredoeshisfatherwork?5.询问数量时，对可数事物提问用howmany，对不可数事物用howmuch,如：Shehasfivefriends.Howmanyfriendsdoesshehave?Hewouldlikesomemeat.Howmuchmeatwouldyoulike？Thecoatiseightyyuan.Howmuchisthecoat?6.询问颜色用whatcolour.如：Theseflowersarewhite.Whatcolouraretheseflowers?7.询问身体状况,天气，方式用how,提问。Hermotherisfine.Howisherfather?Hefeelshappy.Howdoeshefeel?Itissunnytoday.Howistheweathertoday?=What’stheweatherliketoday?Tomoftengoestoschoolbybus.HowdoesTomoftengotoschool?8.询问身高用howtall，询问年龄用howold.如：Jimis1.6metrestall.HowtallisJim?Myfatheris40yearsold.Howoldisyourfather?9.询问原因用why.如：Icomelatebecausemybikeisbroken.Whydoyoucomelate?10.物主代词，名词所有格划线提问用whose.如：Thosearehisshoes.Whoseshoesarethose?ThispairofpantsisJenny’s.Whoseisthispairofpants?Thebookonthedeskismine.Whoseisthebookonthedesk?1.Theyhelpedtheoldmancleanherhouseonceaweek.___________didtheyhelptheoldmancleanherhouse?2.Thesuitcosts388dollars.___________thesuitcost?3.ThemanwhoiswearingawhiteshirtisourEnglishteacher._________isyourEnglishteacher?4.Tomwaslateforschoolthismorningbecausehisbikewasbroken._______Tomlateforschoolthismorning?6.It"stwokilometresawayfrommyhometoschool.__________isitfrommyhometoschool?7.Myfathergoestoworkbybikeeveryday.___________yourfathergotoworkeveryday?8.Hehasworkedheresince1998.__________hasheworkedhere?9.We"llfinishtheworkintwodays._________willyoufinishthework?10.ItisDecember12th,2010today.-16- ______isthe______today?11.WhenIwenttotheclassroom,Jimwasdrawing._________Jim_____whenyouwenttotheclassroom?()13.---____doyouwatertheflowers?---Twiceaweek.A.HowlongB.HowsoonC.HowmuchD.Howoften14.---______jacketisthis?---It’smine.A.WhatB.WhoC.Who’sD.Whose15.---_____didyoubuythenewcomputer?---LastMonday.A.WhereB.HowC.WhenD.Who16.---__doesittakemefrommyschooltoyourschool?---Aboutfiveminutes.A.HowmanyB.HowfarC.HowmuchD.HowlongE.反意疑问句：表示对前面陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，其基本结构形式有两种:(一)肯定陈述句+否定问句.(二)否定陈述句+肯定问句.变反意疑问句的几个注意事项：1.前肯后否，前否后肯。2.后面的疑问句部分的否定形式要用缩写形式，其主语要用人称代词的主格形式，但therebe句型除外。3.当前面陈述句中有否定词few/little/never/no/nobody/nothing/hardly/seldom等时，后面用肯定形式。4.在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，若事实是肯定的要回答Yes,后加肯定形式；若事实是否定的要回答No,后加否定形式。5.祈使句的反意疑问句一般情况下是willyou,如果是Let"s...则是shallwe.6.宾语从句中，若主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think/believe/hear/suppose等时，其反意疑问句多根据从句而定，前肯定后否定。1.Let"sstopandhavearest,________?2.Thereislittlewaterinthecup,_______?3.TomcanhardlyanswerthequestioninEnglish,__________?4.He"sflowntoQingdaoforsummerholiday,____he?A.isn"tB.wasn"tC.hasn"tD.doesn"t6.---Youhaven"tbeentoNanjing,haveyou?---___.ButIwanttogotherenextweek.A.Yes,IhaveB.No,IhaveC.Yes,Ihaven"tD.No,Ihaven’t8.Idon"tthinkhewillcome,______?A.doIB.don"tIC.willheD.don"the1.YoucomefromEngland,_______________?2.JimboughtanicepresentforLiMing,________?3.TheywillgotothezoonextSunday,___________?4.Shehastaughtusalot,______________?5.Jennywaslateforschoolthismorning,_________?6.Youcanplaythepiano,_______________?7.Let"sstopandhavearest,________?8.Don’tplayinthestreet,_____________?10.Hehasfewfriends,________________?11.Hesaidnothingattemeeting,_____________?12.Hehasnobrothersorsisters,_____________?13.You’veneverbeentoBeijing,____________?F.祈使句：表示请求、命令、叮嘱、建议、劝告等。一般省略主语,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。读时用降调，有肯定和否定两种形式。①祈使句的否定形式通常为Don’t+动词原形，也可用否定副词Never构成，还有以no开头的禁止性祈使句。如：Don’tplaywithfire.Nevercatchafallingdinosaur.Nophotos./Noparking./Nosmoking.②肯定祈使句的回答:Yes,Iwill.---Lookafteryourselfandkeephealthy.---Yes,Iwill.否定祈使句的回答:Sorry,Iwon"t.---Don"tmakeanynoiseinclass.---Sorry,Iwon"t.③祈使句的反意疑问句:一般情况下,不管肯定还是否定反意疑问句都是willyou;如果是Let"s…,其反意疑问句为shallwe?---Don"ttakephotoshere,willyou?---Sorry,Iwon"t.---Let"sgotothezoonextSunday,shallwe?---Yes,Iwill.2.“____toohigh,it"stoodangerous.”saidtheteacherA.NottoclimbB.NotclimbC.Don"tclimbD.Won"tclimb3.---Don"tmakeanynoiseinclass.---________.A.Idon"tB.Iwon"tC.Ihaven"tD.Ican"t5.Shallwegoswimmingthisafternoon?(祈使句)________swimmingthisafternoon.6.Youmustn"tplayfootballinthestreet.(否定祈使句)__________footballinthestreet.7.Workhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.(同义句)_________workhard,you"llpasstheexam.8.Hurryup,orwe"llbelate.(同义句)_____we________up,we"llbelate.12.Remembertoclosethedoorandwindowswhenyouleave.(同义句)___________toclosethedoorandthewindowswhenyouleave.G.感叹句：表示说话人的喜.怒.哀.乐.惊喜等的情绪.感叹句的结构:①What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!②How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!()2.---_____kindgirlNancyis!---Yes,sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa-16- ()3._____heavilytherainisfalling!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowaD.How()6._______fineweatherwehavethesedays!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa8.WestudyEnglishveryhard.(感叹句)_____________westudyEnglish!10.Theboyishonest.(感叹句)_____honestboyheis!H.Therebe结构：表示某处存在某人或某物,表客观存在,它与have(拥有.所有)不同.1.There____twochairsandadeskinmybedroom.A.isB.areC.haveD.has2.There_____alotofbreadanddumplingsonthetable.A.isB.areC.haveD.has3.Thereisamonkeyinthetree.(复数句)There___________________inthetree.4.Therearesomecowsonthefarm.(一般疑问句和否定句)_____there______cowsonthefarm?There_____________cowsonthefarm.5.There____anEnglishfilmtonight.A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.willholdD.isgoingtobe6.Ourclasshasfiftystudents.(同义句)_________fiftystudentsinourclass.The________ofthestudentsinourclass____fifty.7.TherearemanypeopleatTian’anmenSpuare.Theyareflyingkites.(合成一句)Therearemanypeople___________________atTian’anmenSquare.()8.Look!Thereisaboy____kites.A.flyB.flewC.flyingD.tofly9.ThereisgoingtohaveanEnglishfilmnextMonday.A　BCD(改错)动词时态一、一般现在时：1.表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态。2.谓语：主语是单三，谓语就是单三（常加s/es);主语是其它，谓语为原形。改为一般疑问句时，需在句首用助动词Do/Does，然后动词转换为原形；改为否定句时在主语后加don"t/doesn"t，动词用原形.(be动词除外)3.动词单数第三人称构成方式：①一般在词尾后加s。例如:play---playsenjoy---enjoysbuy---buys②以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es.例如:pass/wash/brush/teach/watch/go/do.③以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i,在加es.例如：study/worry/fly...④特殊情况:be---ishave---has4.常与often/usually/never/sometimes/always/seldom/onSundays/everyday/onceaweek等时间状语连用。5主将从现，if/assoonas/when等引导的状语从句或表示普遍真理、客观存在的句子中。A.用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.We"llstayathomeifit________(rain)tomorrow.2.I"lltellhimthenewsassoonashe_____(come)back.3.Don"tgetoffthebusuntilit_______(stop).4.Theteachertoldusthattheearth_____(go)aroundthesun.B．选择填空2.Thechildrenwillclimbthehillifit____tomorrow.A.won"trainB.didn"trainC.doesn"trainD.isn"training3.---I’msorrythatJohnisout.---Pleaseaskhimtocallmeassoonashe_______.A.comeB.comesC.cameD.willcome7.Iwonderifitwillraintomorrow.A.wanttoknowB.don"tknowC.thinkD.ask8.Whydon"tyougowithme?A.WhynottogoB.WhynotgoingC.WhynotgoD.Whygo9.Theboyisabletodrawanicecatinfiveminutes.A.mayB.canC.willD.mustD.句型转换1.Hedoeshishomeworkathomeeveryevening.(否定句)He________hishomeworkathomeeveryevening.2.Jimhaslunchathomeeveryday.(一般疑问句)______Jim_____lunchathomeeveryday?3.Hehasnobrothersorsisters.(同义句)He___________anybrothersorsisters.5.Hehasnomoneywithhim,__________?(反意疑问句)6.Ithinkheisright.(否定句)I______thinkhe_____right.二、现在进行时:1.表示正在进行或发生的动作。2.谓语构成是:be+动词的ing形式。3.动词的ing构成方式有以下几种：①一般在词尾后加ing。例如：play/sleep/go...②以e结尾的取e,再加ing。例如：leave/make/have...③重读闭音节词，先双写结尾辅音字母，再加ing。例如：forget/swim/run/begin...④ie结尾的变ie为y，再加ing。例如：lie/tie/die4.当句中出现"Look!";"Listen!";"Don"tmakeanynoise!"等时，多与进行时连用。5.表示反复出现的动作，常表示说话人的某种感情如赞扬、厌烦等，常和always连用。-16- ①Mr.Greenisverykind,heisalwaysthinkingofothers.②WhenEdisonwasyoung,hewasalwaysaskingsomanystrangequestions.6.表示位置移动的词，如go,come,leave,arrive等常用进行时表示将来，一般同表将来的时间状语连用。①---Whereareyougoing?---Totheshop.②---WhenareyouleavingforBeijing?---Sometimenextweek.③---Supperisready,Linda!---Oh,I"mcoming.7.Here/there开头时，常用一般现在时，表示正在进行。如：Look!Herecomestheschoolbus.Listen!Theregoesthebell.A.填空1.Look!Theboys___________(play)footballontheplayground.2.It"sSeveno"clocknow.TheSmiths_________(have)breakfast.3.Don"tmakeanynoise!Yourfather________(sleep).4.Bequiet!ThestudentsofClass2________(have)anEnglishclass.5.Look!Thereisapetdog____(躺)ontheground.Let’sgoandplaywithit.B．选择填空()1.---Peter,couldyoucomeandhelpmeinthekitchen,please?---Sorry,mum,I____LilywithherEnglish.A.helpB.helpedC.havehelpedD.amhelping()2.---Excuseme,whereisLily?---Oh,she___thevolleyballmatchontheplayground.A.watchesB.willwatchC.iswatchingD.watched4.Look!here______thebus!A.comeB.comingC.tocomeD.comesC．句型转换1.I"mfeelingterriblenow.(划线提问)______________youfeelingnow?2.WehaveanEnglishpartyonSunday.(用now作时间状语改写)We_______________anEnglishpartynow.三、一般过去时1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。变为疑问句时，需在句首用助动词Did,然后动词转换为原形；改为否定句时，在主语后加didn"t，然后动词转换为原形。（be动词除外).2.常与yesterday/justnow/lastyear/in1964/threedaysago连用或since引导的从句。3.行为动词的过去式构成方式：①一般在词尾加ed。如：help---helped②以e结尾的加d。如：like---liked③重读闭音节词，先双写结尾辅音字母再加ed。如：stop---stoppedtravel---travelledshop---shoppedplan---planned④以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再ed.如：carry---carriedstudy---studiedworry---worriedhurry---hurried4.常用不规则行为动词的过去式：A.填空:1.It"salongtimesincewe______(meet)last.2.---____you____(have)agoodtimelastnight?---Yes,thanks.3.---HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWallbefore?---Yes,I______(go)therelastspring.4.---When______you______(find)yourlostbike?---Halfanhourago.5.Hisparents______(die)twoyearsago.Nowhelivesalone.B.词语解释1.Marygottoschoollateyesterday.A.arrivedinB.reachedC.arrivedD.reachedat2.TheydrovetotheparklastSunday.A.went...bytheircarB.went...onfootC.went...intheircarD.went...bybus4.Hedidn"tworkhardandfailedtheEnglishexam.A.passedB.didn"tpassC.didn"thaveD.missedC.句型转换1.TheywenttothezoobybuslastSunday.(划线提问)______they___tothezoolastSunday?2.Youboughtcookies,_____________?(反意疑问句)3.Hesaidnothingatthemeeting.(同义句)He______say__________atthemeeting.4.Bobdidn"ttakepartinanyeventbecausehisbackhurt.(划线提问)______________Bobtakepartinanyevent?四、一般将来时1.表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，2.谓语构成：will+动词原形或begoingto+动词原形。一般疑问句常提前Will,如果主语为第一人称时，需提前Shall，否定句will+not，缩写为won"t.3.常与tomorrow/nextweek/thisevening/inthreedays/sometimenextweek等时间状语连用。注意：①在问对方是否愿意，或表示客气的邀请或命令时，常用Willyouplease(not)dosth?,回答时应为:Yes,Iwill/No,Iwon"t.②Therebe的将来时为:Therewillbe.../Thereis(are)goingtobe.A.选择填空()1.---Whyareyouinsuchahurry,Mike?---There___anNBAbasketballmatchintenminutes.A.willhaveB.aregoingtobeC.willbeD.isgoingtohave2.Idon"tknowifit______tomorrow.Ifit______,I"ll-16- stayathome.A.rains;rainsB.willrain;willrainC.rains;willrainD.willrain;rains3.---Jim,canyouhelpmetowashthedishes?---Sorry,Dad.I_______totheshop.A.goB.wentC.amgoingD.havegone4.---Willyouplease______withfire?---Sorry,Iwon’t.A.don’tplayB.notplayC.nottoplayD.notplaying5.---Don’tplayfootballinthestreet.---_______.A.Iwon’tB.Imustn’tC.Ican’tD.Idon’t6.---Howsoon_____yourfather______backhome?---Inhalfanhour.A.did;comeB.will;comeC.are;comingD.has;comeB.句型转换。1.We"llmeetatnineoutsidetheschoolgate.(划线提问)_______and_______________wemeet?2.Comeuptome,please,willyou?(同义句)_____________________comeuptome?3.Sam"sfatherwillbebackinabouttwomonths.(划线提问)___________willSam"sfatherbeback?4.IwillbelieveitafterIseeitwithmyowneyes.(同义句)I_____believeit______Iseeitwithmyowneyes.五、过去进行时1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作.2.谓语构成：was/were+动词的现在分词。3.常用的时间状语有ateightlastnight;atthistimeyesterday;when/while引导的时间状语从句。A．选择填空1.What_____you______(do)atthistimeyesterday?2.I_______(draw)ahorsewhentheteachercamein.3.Whilewe____________(talk),theteachercamein.()4I________whenheknockedatthedoor..A.aresleepingB.wassleepingC.sleptD.sleep()5.---Icalledyouat7:30yesterdayevening,buttherewasnoreply.---Sorry.I_____dinnerwithmyfriends.A.hadB.washavingC.havehadD.hadhad()6.WhenIgotthere,he_____themtodance.A.isteachingB.teachesC.wasteachingD.taughtB．句型转换及填空。1.IwaswatchingTVwhenheknockedatthedoor.(划线提问)________you_____whenheknockedatthedoor?2.Theywere_________(讨论)aphysicsproblemwhenIwalkedpast.六、现在完成时1.谓语构成：have/has+动词的过去分词.否定式在助动词后加not，而疑问句则将have/has提至主语之前。2.现在完成式的基本用法是：①表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already/yet/ever/never/just/before/sofar等连用。---Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?---Yes,Ihave.I"vejusthadit.注意：如果强调事情发生的具体时间或地点，一定要用一般过去时。如：---HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?---Yes,Iwenttherelastspring.②表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since＋时间点或since+从句（一般过去时）;inthelast/pastfewyears(在过去几年间)等时间状语连用。动词要用延续性动词。IhaveknownLiLeiforthreeyears.Theyhavelivedheresince1998.ShehastaughtheresinceIcametothisschool.GreatChangeshavetakenplaceinthepasttenyears.3.常用的瞬间动词与与连续性动转化有：die---bedeadbuy---haveborrow---keepleave---beaway(from)open---beopenjoin---beamemberof/bein…start/begin---beonclose---beclosedcatchacold---haveacoldcome/go---be+副词/bein/at+名词become---begetmarried---bemarried注意：①短暂性动词常用于过去时或用于Itis+时间段＋since引导的时间状语从句(短暂性动词的过去时)。②延续性动词常用于现在完成时。3.have/hasbeento与have/hasgoneto的区别。have/hasbeento表示曾经去过某地，现在已经回来；have/hasgoneto表示现在去某地了，还没有回来。Where"sJim?He"sgonetoEnglandwithhisfamily.ThoughBruceisyoung,hehasbeentomanycountries.A.填空1.TheBrowns__________(live)inChinafortenyears.2.Myfather________(work)inthefactorysincethefactoryopened.4._____youever______(eat)fishandchips?5.Iwon"tgotothecinematonightbecauseI________(see)italready.7.---Where’sJim?---He___________(go)toEnglandwithhisfamily.8.Haveyouever__________(收到)anylettersfromyourfatherworkinginthetown?-16- 9.Myfatherhas___________(参军)inthearmyformanyyears.10.MissLiuhas_______(成为)anEnglishteacherforeightyears.B.选择()1.---Howcleanthebedroomis!---Yes,I’msurethatsomeone_____it.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned()2.---Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?---IamsorryI______ittwice.A.seeB.willseeC.haveseenD.amseeing()3.Hisgrandfather_____forthirtyyears.A.diedB.wasdeadC.hasbeendeadD.hasdied()4.Hisbrother_________theclubfortwoyears.A.hasjoinedB.hasbeeninC.joinedD.hadjoined()5.I_______frommybrotherforalongtime.A.haven"theardB.don"theardC.won"theardD.isn"theard()6.---Whatawonderfuldictionary!Howlong____you_____it?---Justforaweek.A.have;boughtB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had()7.--Kate,shallwegobacktoourhometowntomorrow?---Goodidea!We_____fortwoyears.A.haveleftB.havebeenawayC.leftD.willleave()8.Hehas_____forthreeorfourdays.A.gotaheadacheB.fallenillC.caughtacoldD.hadacold()9.---I"msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I____hereforonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenC.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe()10.Myparents_______Shangdongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.wentto()11.---Howlonghaveyou____thebook?---Fortwoweeks.A.borrowedB.keptC.lentD.returned()12.---DoyouknowJackwell?---Certainly.We_____friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havemadeC.havebecomeD.havebeen()13.---MayIspeaktoMr.Green?---Sorry,he__London.Buthe"llbebackintwodays.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.wentto.()14.---Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity,Mr.Smith?---It_____tenyearssinceIcamehere.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.maybe15.Shehasboughtthisjacketfortenyears.(改错)ABC　D16.---Wherehaveyougone?---Tothelibrary(改错)ABC　DC.句型转换。1.I"vealreadycleanedtheclassroom.(一般疑问句)_____youcleanedtheclassroom______?2.Hehasalreadyfoundhislostbike.(否定句)He________foundhislostbike_________.3.Susanhasbeeninthiscityforovertenyears.(划线提问)_____________hasSusanbeeninthiscity?4.You"veneverriddenahorse,______________?(反意疑问句)5.Mr.SmithwenttoBeijinglastweek.andhehasn"tcomebackyet.(同义句)Mr.Smithhas_________________Beijing.6.MyfatherhasbeentoLanzhoutwice.(划线提问)How__________hasyourfatherbeentoLanzhou?7.It"sthreeyearssincemysistergotmarried.(同义句)Mysister_____________marriedforthreeyears.D.同义句转换。1.Hecameherethreeyearsago.Hehereforthreeyears.2.Heborrowedthisbookaweekago.Hehisbookforaweek.3.Hisbrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Hisbrotherasoldiersincetwoyearsago.4.HearrivedinBeijinglastyear.He____inBeijingsinceayearago5.Heboughtthisbookthreeweeksago.Hethisbookforthreeyears.6.Thefilmbeganhalfanhourago.Thefilmforhalfanhour.7.HeleftChinathreeyearsago.HefromChinaforthreeyears.8.Hediedfiveyearsago.He________________________forfiveyears.9.MissLiubecameanEnglishteacher10yearsago.MissLiu________anEnglishteacherfor10years.10.Mysistergotmarriedin2001.Mysisterhas________married______2001.七、过去完成时-16- 1.表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。2.谓语构成：had+动词的过去分词。3.过去完成时的时间状语主要有by,before构成的短语，如：bytheendoflastterm或when,before,after引导的从句。1.WhenIgotthere,thebus____already_____(leave).2.Hesaidhe____________(see)thefilmbefore.3.Bytheendoflastterm,we________(learn)1,000newwords.()4.Thepopsingers_____whenIgottothemusichalllastnight.Whatapity!A.haveleftB.wereleftC.hadleftD.left5.We_______fourbooksbytheendoflastterm.A.havelearnedB.haslearntC.hadlearnedD.learned各种时态综合应用()1.Wewillhaveoursportsmeetingifit___tomorrow.A.won"trainB.didn"trainC.doesn"trainD.isn"training()2.Iwon"tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI_____myticketalready.A.lostB.havelostC.hadlostD.amlost()3.She_______inBeijingfortwentyyears.A.islivingB.haslivedC.hadlivedD.lives()6.Look!Thechildren______gamesnearthelake.A.isplayingB.areplayingC.playD.plays()7.---HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?---Yes,I_______therelastspring.A.havegoneB.wentC.hadgoneD.willgo()8.MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifor15days.He____backin5days.A.willbeB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.is()9.---Whenwillyoutellhimthegoodnews?---Iwilltellhimaboutitassoonashe_____back.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.hascome()10.Theteachersaidlight________fasterthansound.A.travelB.travelsC.travelledD.istravelled()11.Bytheendoflastterm,we_______1.000words.A.havelearnedB.haslearntC.hadlearnedD.learned()12.She______abookwhenIwenttoseeherlastnight.A.arereadingB.isreadingC.wasreadingD.werereading()14.---Where"sJim?---He_____toShanghai.He’llbebackinaweek.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.hadbeenD.hadgone()15.---When____you______thedictionary?---In1998.A.had;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.were;buying()16.Myuncle____inthatstreetsincehecametothiscity.A.haslivedB.islivingC.hadlivedD.lived()17.There____afootballmatchinourschooltomorrow.A.isgoingtohaveB.willhaveC.willholdD.isgoingtobe()19.It____tenyearssincewelast_____inBeijing.A.was;metB.hasbeen;metC.was;metD.is;meet()20.I_____Canadatwice.It’ssobeautiful.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.wentD.came()21.MyfatherwenttoShanghaiyesterday.He____backintwoweeks.A.comesB.hascomeC.willcomeD.came()22.---IsyourfatheraPartymember?---Yes,he_____thePartythreeyearsago.He_____aPartymemberforthreeyears.A.hasjoined;hasbeenB.joined;hasbeenC.joined;wasD.wasjoined;is名词1、名词的数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“s”构成，其主要变法如下：①规则变化A.一般情况直接加“s”.B.以字母s、ss、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”例如：bus/box/fox/watch/match/brush/class…C.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的先变y为i,再加es.例如：baby/city/country/story/university/dictionary/hobby/company/enemy...D.以o结尾的名词一般加“s”.例如：photo/piano/radio/zoo；但.hero/potato/tomato复数加es.巧计：英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆。E.以f/fe结尾的，通常变f/fe为v,再加es.例如:knife/leaf/shelf/half/wife/life…②不规则变化A.单复数同形：sheep/deer/fishB.单数形式复数内容：people/policeC.复数形式单数内容：news/maths/physicsD.词形发生变化：man---menwoman---womengentleman---gentlemenfoot---feettooth---teethgoose---geesechild---childrenmouse---miceF.复合名词的复数形式；通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。由man,woman构成的复合名词变复数时,两个名词全部要变成复数;eg:boy/girlfriend---boy/girlfriendsappletree---appletreesman/womanteacher---men/womenteachers;G.“某国人“的复数形式：表示“某国人”的名词变复数时遵循的规律是：中日不变，英法变，其它要把s添。如：Chinese/Japanese---Chinese/JapaneseEnglishman/Frenchman---Englishmen/-16- FrenchmenAmerican/Australian/German/Canadian/Russian---Americans/Australians/Germans/Canadians/RussiansH.有些名词只有复数，没有单数形式，不能被具体数字修饰。如：clothes;shorts;shoes;pants;glasses…2、不可数名词：不可数名词“量”的表示方法：在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：(1)用some/any/much/alittle/alotof/lotsof等表示数量的多少。例如：Therichmanhasalotofmoney．Thereissomemilkinthebottle．Isthereanywaterintheglass？Idon"tlikewinterbecausethere"stoomuchsnowandice．(2)借助表示数量单位的短语修饰。例如：apieceofpaper/wood/bread/newsabottleoforangeaglassofmilk/coffeeacupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：twocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater3、名词所有格名词所有格表示人或物的所有关系。有两种表示形式：一种是"s所有格,另一种是of/to所有格：(一)表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格。A.在单数名词后加“"s”.Mary"spresentJim"sparentsFather"s/Mother"sDayB.在以“s”结尾的复数名词之后只加“"”构成。例如：Teachers"Daytwentyminutes"walkthreedays"holidayinafewyears"timeC.不以“s”结尾的复数名词之后要加“"s”.例如：Women"sDayChildren"sDaymen"s400-metreraceD.表示几个人共有，只需在最后一个人名后加“"s”.TomandJack"sroomMaryandJack"smotherE.表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词，所有格也可用’s形式。如：today’snewspapertenmimutes’driveChina’sweatherBeijing’sstreetsF.在表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅、诊所及公共建筑的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的名词。atthedoctor"s/dentist’s(office)gotomyuncle’s(home)atthebutcher"s(shop)(二).表示无生命的东西的名词所有格通常是由“of/to＋名词”构成的。amapoftheworldthecapitalofChina.thedooroftheroomtheendoftheroadtheanswertothequestionthekeytomybikethewaytothepostoffice(三)双重所有格有两种形式：①of+名词所有格；②of+名词性物主代词afriendofmybrother"sadictionaryofmineadaughterofyoursanoldfriendofmine一、单项选择()1.---Howfarisitfromheretoyourhome?---It"sabout_________.A.twentyminutes"walkB.twentyminute"swalkC.twentyminutewalkC.twentyminuteswalk()2.______motherscouldn’tgotothemeetingbecausetheyhavegonetoNewYork..A.BillandTom"sB.Bill"sandTom"sC.BillandTomD.Bills"andToms"3.Onmywayhome,Imetanoldfriendof_____.A.meB.mineC.usC.him4.Canyoufindouttheanswer______thequestion?A.inB.atC.atD.to5.WeknowthatSeptember10is___________Day.A.TeacherB.TeachersC.Teacher"sD.Teachers"6.Mrs.Blackisafriendof________A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Mother’sofMaryD.Marymother’s7.---Whereareyougoing,Lucy?---_________.A.TomyuncleB.Tomyuncle’sC.AtmyuncleD.Atmyuncle’s二、填空1.Myhomeisabouttwo______(hour)walkfromhere.2.WeknowthatMarch8is___________(woman)Day.3.Doyouknowwhowonthe_______(boy)100-metrerace?4.Thereareseveral____(shoe)shopsnearourschool.代词1、人称代词、物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyouhe/she/itthey宾格meusyouyouhim/her/itthem形物myouryouryourhis/her/itstheir名物mineoursyoursyourshis/hers/itstheirs用法(一)、人称代词作主语时用主格，几个主格代词并列作主语时，他们的顺序是：单数：You,heandI-16- 复数:we;youandthey；做动词或介词宾语时，用宾格，提问时用疑问词who.A:动宾结构③passsb.sth=passsthtosb.(把某物传递给某人);④teachsb.+Chinese/math…(教某人语文/数学…).B:介宾结构：①It"stimeforsb.todosth.(该到某人做某事的时候了)②too...forsb.todosth.(做某事太怎么了).③That"sverykind/niceofyou.(你对我真是太好了.)(二)、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别:相同点：都是“...的”.不同点：形容词性物主代词修饰名词；而名词性物主代词单独使用。(三)it的用法：一般it指“它”，但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it并不译为“它”。特殊用法：A.做形式主语，构成主系表结构，真正主语动词不定式短语要置后。重点结构有：①It’stimeforsb.todosth.(该到某人做某事的时间了)②It’sone’sturntodosth.(轮到某人做某事了)③Itseemsthat…(似乎….)B.做形式宾语，重点结构有：think/findit+adj.+todosth.(发现或认为做某事怎么样).C.用来指人，主要指身份不明的人。如：Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Gotoseewhoitis.A.用括号中词的正确形式填空。1.Ifounditdifficult_________(learn)Englishwell.3.Ittakesmehalfanhour______(walk)there.4.Bequick!It’syourturn________(jump).5.It’sgettinglate.It’stimeforus______(leave)now.6.Therearesomanyblackcloudsinthesky.It____(seem)thatitwillrain.8.Thequestionistoohardfor_____(we)toanswer.9.MissWangis________(we)Englishteacher,sheteaches____(our)English.10.Yourcomputerisdifferentfrom________(my).11._____(we)countryislargerthan______(their).12.Thisdictionaryis___(he),___(her)isonthedesk.13.Onmywayhome,Imetanoldfriendof____(me).14.Try______(you)best,andyou"lllearnitwell.15.Mybikeisbroken.MayIborrow_________(your)?B.单项选择。()1.Wefound____veryimportanttolearnaforeignlangugewell.A.oneB.thatC.thisD.it()2.---Excuseme.Isthis_____watch?---No,it’snot_____.It’sTom’s.A.your;myselfB.yours;mineC.your;myD.your;mine()3.---WhoseEnglish-Chinesedictionaryisthis?---It’s___.Myparentsboughtitformysisterandme.A.hersB.oursC.mineD.theirs4.---Thelightison.thereissomeoneintheroom.---______mustbeourheadteacher.A.ThereB.ItC.HeD.This5.---MissLiuteaches______Englishthisterm.---Youarelucky.______isaverygoodteacher.A.our;sheB.us;sheC.ours;sheD.us;her6.---WhynottellJanetouse_____owndictionary?---Shesaid_____waslost.A.her;hersB.hers;hersC.her;sheD.hers;she8.---Haveyoufoundyourlostmobilephone?---No,Ihaven’tfound____,butIbought____thismorning.A.one;thatB.that;oneC.it;oneD.one;itC.句型转换1.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.(同义句)Myfatherboughtanewbike__________.2.Canyoushowmeyourphoto?(同义句)Canyoushowyourphoto_____________?3.Theywereswimmingintheriveratthattime.Isaw.(合成一句)Isaw________________intheriveratthattime.4.Lucywasplayingthepianointheroom.Ihear.(同义句)Iheard_______________thepianointheroom.5.Ifoundthatitwasdifficulttodothemathproblem.(同义句)Ifound___________todothemathproblem.6.ThequestionissohardthatIcan’tanswerit.(简单句)Thequestionistoohard____me_____answer.2、反身代词表示“……自己”,有人称和数的变化。A.熟记下列反身代词。I---myselfwe---ourselvesyou---yourself/selveshe---himselfshe---herselfit---itselfthey---themselvesB.熟记下列重点短语：1.enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime(过的愉快、玩得高兴）)2.learnbyoneself=teachoneself(自学)3.helponeselfto(请自便)4.lookaferoneself(照顾自己)5.hurtoneself(伤害自己)7.leaveonebyoneself=leaveonealone(把某人单独留下)A.填空1.Theboyistooyoungtodress____________(him).2.Weenjoyed________(our)intheparklastSunday.3.Help_____(your)tosomechicken,LucyandLily.-16- 4.Becarefulwithknives!oryoumayhurt____(your).5.Theoldwomanasked_________(自己),“WhatshouldIdo?”.6.---Canyoutakegoodcareof______(自己)whileI’mnotathome?---Ofcourse,wecan.B．单项选择()1.Mysonistooyoung.Ican"tleavehimbyhimself..A.lonelyB.aloneC.awakeD.asleep()2.---Imadethecakeby_____.Help______,Tom.---Thanks,Jane.A.ourselves;yourselfB.myself;yourselfC.myself;yourselvesD.ourselves;yourselves()3.---Sheistoobusytohelpusfinishthework.---Let"sdoit_______.A.herselfB.myselfC.ourselvesD.itself4."Help___tosomemeat,Mary",Myauntsaidtome.A.themselvesB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.himself5.---Whotaught_______English?---Nobody,Shetaught_________A.herself;herB.her;herselfC.her;sheD.she;her.C．句型转换及改错1.Theyhadagoodtimeatthepartylastnight.(同义句)They________________atthepartylastnight.2.Ican"tleaveheralone.(同义句)Ican"tleaveher________________.3、指示代词A.常见的指示代词有this,that,these,those等。B.指示代词的用法：①this/these(近指),that/those(远指).如：1.Thisisanoldphoto.---Theseareoldphotos.2.Thatisatomato.---Thosearetomatoes.②在比较状语从句中，为避免重复，上文中出现的单数或不可数名词在下文中出现时，常被替换为that(复数名词替换为those),以避免重复。如：1.Igotuplate,that"swhyImissedthebus.3.ThestudentsinourschoolaremorethanthoseinNo.4MiddleSchool.③打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。如：---MayIspeaktoMr.Zhuang,please?---ThisisZhangmingspeaking.Who"sthat?A．单项选择1.---Hello,whois______speaking?---______isTomspeaking.A.it;ItB.that;ThatC.that;ThisD.it;He2.Thingsmadebyhandareusuallymoreexpensivethan______producedinfactories..A.thatB.itC.onesD.those3.TheweatherinBeijingisdifferentfrom___ofParis.A.thatB.itC.onesD.thoseB．句型转换2.Thisisbigtomato.(改为复数)______arebig_________.3.Isthatasheep?No,it’sadeer.(改为复数)Are______________?No,theyare_______.复合句(一）状语从句:1.时间状语从句，由when,before,after(通常转换为not...until),since通常主现(现在完成时)从过(一般过去时),assoonas(一...就，时态为主将从现),until(意为“直到”，主句通常为否定句)while(就在什么时，常用进行时态)等引导。①---Tellhimaboutthenewswhenhecomes,John.---Yes,Iwill.②Don’tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.③---WillyoupleasecallmeassoonasyouarriveinShanghai?---Yes,Iwill.④It’salongtimesincewemetlast.Imissyouverymuch.⑤Mr.Brownhasworkedinourschoolsincehegraduatedfromcollege.2.条件状语从句，由if/unles引导。时态规则为主将从现。①Youwillstayhealthyifyoudomoreexercises,suchasrunningandwalking.3.原因状语从句:除because外，since；as也可引导原因状语从句。Because语气最强，回答why的问句只能用because，但句中because和so只能用其一，不能在同一句话中出现；since意为“既然”，表示对方已知的事实和理由；as意为“由于”,表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱，较口语化。如：①---Whydon’tyouplaychesswithme?---BecauseIhavelotsofworktodo.②SinceyourEnglishissogood,whynotteachyourbrother?4.结果状语从句。由so...that或such..that(如此...以致)引导。通常可以转换为...enoughtodo或too...to结构。①Tomdidhishomeworksocarelesslythathemademanymistakesyesterday.②Kunmingissuchabeautifulcitythatthousandsofpeoplevisititeveryday.5.让步状语从句,由though(虽然);whatever/whenever/wherever(nomatter+疑问词)等引导。注意：though不能与but同时出现。②Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon’tchangemymind.A.选择、填空。()2.---IsDavidatschooltoday?---No,heisathome_____hehasabadcold.A.ifB.becauseC.thoughD.and-16- ()3.---It’s8:30.It’stimeformetoleavenow.---It’sraininghardoutside.Don’tleave____itrains.A.afterB.sinceC.whileD.until()5.Mysister_____herbookintheclassroomwhentheteachercamein.A.readB.readsC.wasreadingD.isreading()6.Sarahis_____ahard-workinggirl_____sheoftenworkslateintonight.A.so;thatB.too;toC.such;thatD.notonly;butalso()7.We"llstayathometodosomereadingifit____tomorrow.A.rainsB.rainC.israiningD.willrain()12.You_______(miss)thetrainifyoudon"thurry.()13.I"llgivethenotetohimassoonashe_____(come).()14.We"llgototheparkifit_____(notrain)tomorrow.()15.Jim_________(make)manyfriendssincehe_____(come)toChina.B.句型转换。1.IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.(同义句)I______gotobed______Ifinishedmyhomework.2.Jimdidn"tcometoschoolthismorningbecausehewasill.(划线提问)______________Jimcometoschoolthismorning?3.Heissoyoungthathecan"tgotoschool.(同义句)Heis_______young_______gotoschool.4.Studyharder,andyou"llcatchupwiththeothers.(同义句)______studyharder,you"llcatchupwiththeothers.5.Hurryup,oryou"llmisstheearlybus.(同义句)____you____hurryup,you"llmisstheearlybus.7.Theboyistooshorttoreachtheapplesonthetree.(同义句)Theboyisn"t_____________toreachtheapplesonthetree.8.Thewaterwassohotthatwecouldn"tdrinkit.(改为简单句)Thewaterwas______hotforus______drink.9.Myfatherwasveryangrywithme.Hecouldn"tsayaword.(改为复合句)Myfatherwas______angrywithme______hecouldn"tsayaword.10.WhenIgetthere.I’llgotoseehimatonce(同义句)I’llgotoseehim_____________Igetthere.13.Hedidn"tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.(同义句)Hedidn"tgotoschool____________hisillness.14.It"sfiveyearssincemygrandfatherdied.(同义句)Mygrandfatherhas____________forfiveyears.（二）宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句有以下三个要素：①引导词：通常由that(宾语从句是陈述句，常省略);if/whether(是否,一般情况下意思相同，whether可以与ornot连用，但if不能；宾语从句是一般疑问句);who,where,what等疑问词引导(宾语从句是特殊疑问句)。②语序：无论主句是什么句式，宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。③时态的呼应。如果主句是过去时，宾语从句中的谓语动词常用过去时态的某种形式，即：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时，但客观真理、自然现象、科学原理除外。还要注意以下两个方面：①当主句的主语是第一人称I/we，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，其后的that宾语从句如果表示否定意义，not应否定主句谓语。②宾语从句与简单句的转换：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句常简化为“疑问词＋动词不定式”。一、单项选择()1.Couldyoutellme____toShanghai?A.whendoeshegoB.whenishegoingC.whenwillhegoD.whenhewillgo()3.---Excuseme,Couldyoutellme_________.---Certainly.It"snexttothepostoffice..A.whereisthehospitalB.wherethehospitalisC.thehospitaliswhereD.thehospitaliswhere()7.---Doyouknowwhenhe____backtomorrow?---Sorry,Idon’t.Whenhe_____back,I’lltellyou.A.comes;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcome()9.Theyaskedme_____duringMayDayholiday.A.wherehadIgoneB.whereIhadbeenC.wherehadIbeenD.whereIhadgone()11.Ireallydon’tknow__hewillcomeornottomorrow.A.whenB.whyC.ifD.whether二、句型转换及改错1.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellme_____thetrain_________.2.DidyourfathergoonatriptoBeijinglastweek?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellme___Yourfather_____onatriptoBeijinglastweek?3.Ithinkhewillcomeinaweek.(否定句)I_______thinkhe______comeinaweek.4.IreallyknowwhichoneIshouldchoose.(简单句)Ireallydon"tknowwhichone_____________.5.CouldyoutellmehowcanIgettothecinema?A　B　　C　D6.HesaidthathehasbeentoShanghaibefore.A　B　　　C　D7.Ourteachertolduslighttraveledfasterthansound.A　B　　C　D（八下）重点语法构词法（Unit1）-16- 在英语学习中，很多单词的构成有一定的规律。下面我们了解一下常见的构词法。英语中有三种构词法：合成法、派生法和缩写法。合成法：就是直接用两个或两个以上的词组合在一起构成新词的方法。例如：basket（篮子）+ball（球）→basketball（篮球）play（玩）+ground（场地）→playground（操场）class（班）+room（房间）→classroom（教室）派生法：也称转化法，由词根加前缀或后缀而组成另一词的方法。1.多数派生词都是由词根加后缀而成的。名词后缀有-er,-or,-ist,-ness,-ing等，如：work-worker,invent-inventor,ill-illness.常用的形容词后缀有-ful,-less,-able,-ly等，如：care-careful,help-helpful.数词后缀有-teen,-ty,th等，如：four-fourteen.副词后缀有-ly，如：quick-quickly.2.少数词根也常添前缀，它往往会改变词义。如：possible-impossible,build-rebuild.3.一些动词的过去式、过去分词、现在分词、第三人称单数形式，名词的复数，形容词/副词的比较级、最高级等也常归于“词形转换类”。4.词汇大家族里还有不少“双重身份”者，如：like喜欢/像；light灯/轻的；dear亲爱的/昂贵的。缩写法：把一个长单词或两个以上的单词删简成个短单词，故又名缩略法。主要类型有：1.各中心词只派一首字母：physicaleducation=P.E.2.截头：telephone=phone3.去尾：mathematic=math(s)4.既截头又去尾：refrigerator=fridge5.杂合型：breakfastandlunch=brunch6.其他：letus=let’scannot=can’t等。情态动词:本身具有词义，与动词原形连用表示句子主语或说话者对动作或状态的各种感情或态度。(一)can/could的用法。1.表示能力，相当于beableto.但略有区别：beableto有各种时态的变化。can"t表示推测时，译为“不可能”。①---CanyouspeakEnglish?---Yes,butonlyalittle.②---Let"sgoouttoplayfootball.---Sorry,Ican"t.Ihavetogotoameeting.③---Look!Mr.Huisontheothersideofthestreet.---Itcan"tbehim.HehasgonetoEngland.2.表示许可或请求许可，could比can语气更委婉客气，而且could并不是can的过去式，could和can没有时间上的差别。①---CanIhelpyou?---I"mlookingforasweaterformydaughter.②---Couldyoulendmeyourbike?---Sure,Hereyouare.(二)may的用法1.表示许可或请求许可。---MayIsmokehere?---Yes,youmay/can;No,youcan’t/mustn"t.2.表示“可能、或许”。---WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?--I"mnotsure,Imaygoswimming.3.maybe和maybe.maybe是副词，表示“可能”、“或许”，相当于perhaps常置于句首。may是情态动词，表示“可能”、“或许”，与动词原形连用一起构成谓语。---Ican"tfindmyexercisebook---Maybeit"sinyourdesk.(三)must的用法。1.表示“必须、应该”,mustn"t表示“不应该、禁止”。②---MustIstayhere?---Yes,youmust.No,youneedn"t或No,youdon"thaveto.③Youmustn"tplayinthestreet.It"sverydangerous.2.表示推测时，译为“一定”①ThebookmustbeLily"sbecausehernameisonthebookcover.②Thedoorisopen.Hemustbeathome.3.must与havetomust和haveto都可以表示必须，但must表示说话人的主观看法，haveto表示客观需要。must只有现在时，haveto有各种时态的变化。Theroomistoodirty.Ihavetocleanitnow.(四)need的用法。1.need作为情态动词，表示“需要”、“必须”，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。Youneedn"thurry.Thereisalittletimeleft.2.need作为实义动词，当主语是物时,后跟动名词，主动形式表被动意义；当主语是人时，后跟动词不定式。①It"stoocoldoutside.Youneedtoputonmoreclothes.②Mybikeisbroken.Itneedsrepairing.(五)should的用法：should表示“应该”。①Weshouldhelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.②Youshouldn"teatmuchtoorichfood,It"sbadforyourhealth.A．单项选择()1.---____Igoouttoplayfootball?---Yes,you___,butyou___finishyourhomeworkfirst.A.Can;may;mayB.Must;must;mayC.May;may;mustD.Shall;shall;may()2.---Mustwefinishourhomeworknow?---No,You______.A.can"tB.maynotC.mustn"tD.needn"t()3.You"dbetter_____gofishinginsuchbadweather.A.notB.nottoC.don"tC.tonot()4.Thisbook___Lucy"s.Look!Hernameisonthebookcover.-16- A.mustbeC.maybeC.can"tbeD.mustn"tbe()6.---Mustwecleantheroomnow?---No,you_____.You_____cleanitafterlunch.A.needn"t;mayB.needn"t;mustC.mustn"t;canD.mustn"t;may()9.---Listen!Helenissinginginthenextroom.---It____beher.ShehasgonetoBeijing.A.can"tB.mustn"tC.mayD.should10.---Willyoupleasestayherefortheparty?---Sorry,I____.I"llgotoanimportantmeeting.A.mustn"tB.needn"tC.can"tD.won"t12.---Whataniceday!____wegofishing?---Goodidea.A.ShallB.MustC.NeedD.May13.---MayIputmybikehere?---No,you_____.Youshouldputitoverthere.A.couldn"tB.needn"tC.mustn"tD.won"t14.I"msorryI_____gonow.Myfathertoldmeonthephonethatmymotherwasill.A.canB.mayC.havetoD.think15.---Ididn"tpassthemathstest.Ihavespenttoomuchtimepalyingcomputergamesthesedays.---Iagree.You_____playlikethatanymore.A.needn"tB.mustn"tC.maynotD.wouldn"t16.---WhereisJack?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Goandaskhisbrother.He___know.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need不定代词：A.some、any、no、something、anything、nothing①some和something多用于肯定句,如果表示邀请、请求或期望对方作出肯定答复的疑问句中，表示“一些”用some，而不用any.如：---Wouldyoulikesomesoup?---Yes,please.---MayIaskyousomequestions?---sure.---CanIhavesomegrapes?---Sure,hereyouare.②any和anything一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中.如:Ifyouhaveanyquestionstoask,pleasehandsup.③no和nothing表示否定no=notany;nothing=not...anything.如：Thereisnowaterinthebottle=Thereisn’twaterinthebottle.Theysawnothingstrangeinthesky.=Theydidn’tseeanythingstrangeinthesky.④形容词修饰这些不定代词时要置后。例如：Billwillcomefordinner.I’llgivehimsomethingdelicioustoeat.A．单项选择()1.Bequiet!Ihave_______totellyou.A.somethingimportantB.importantsomethingC.anythingimportantD.importantanything()2.---Wouldyoulike____todrink?---No,thanks.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing()5.---Jim,wehavefewvegetablesfordinner.Couldyougoandbuy______?---Yes,butIdon’thave_____money.A.any;anyB.some;someC.any;someD.some;anyB．句型转换1.Hehasnobrothersorsisters.(同义句)He______have_____brothersorsisters.2.Hesaidnothingatthemeeting,___________?(反意疑问句)3.Theyfoundnothingintheroom.(同义句)They_______find________intheroom.4.Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer.(否定句)There____________wrongwithmycomputer.C.many和much:many修饰可数名词;much修饰不可数名词。①Therearesomanypeopleinthestreet.Doyouknowwhatishappening?②Don"tdrinksomuchwine.It"sbadforyourhealth.1.---Whyso____studentswearglassesinyourclass?---Thestudentsdoeyeexercisesthreetimesaday.A.manyB.muchC.fewD.little.2.Ican’tbuy______meatbecauseit’s_____expensive.A.muchtoo,muchtooB.toomuch,toomuchC.toomuch,muchtooD.muchtoo,toomuchD.few,afew;little,alittlefew,afew修饰可数名词复数；little,alittle修饰不可数名词，few,little表否定“没多少、很少”，afew,alittle表肯定“有几个，有点”。①Thequestionissohardthatfewstudentsinourclasscananswerit.②---CanyouspeakEnglish?---Yes,butonlyalittle.1.Thereis________meatinthefridge,isthere?2.Themathproblemissodifficultthat_______studentscanworkitout.3.Thereis________milkintheglass.Pleasegoandbuysome..4.I’mnewhere,soIhave_____friends.5.Don’thurry,Westillhave_______time.5.Jimhasfewfriends,_____________?(MadebyZhangweiquanfromJinta,Gansu2012-1-9)-16-