高一英语语法练习 16页

思致超越知行合一牛津高一英语语法复习（模块3-4）名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when,where,why,how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that,whether,if,asif。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if和asif都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.（五）同位语从句Page16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.练习：1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it5.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./6.I"vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon"tbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which7.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that8.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.what9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient"sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.asC.ofwhichD.which10.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.when11.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether12.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that13.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout____wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which14.Therearesigns____restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose15.Wecanseethesamesigns____standoutthroughoutthecity.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose　　Keys:1-5AABBA6-10BDCAA11-15BBDAA主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。Page16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.注意：①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.注意：①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如：ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注意：people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注意：anumberof“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；thenumberof“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：OneandahalfapplesisPage16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一(are)leftonthetable.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6、一些学科名词是以–ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./Ithinkphysicsisn’teasytostudy.7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。练习：1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.A.amB.isC.areD.be2.Therich____notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.A.areB.amC.isD.was4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.A.amB.isC.areD.be6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,A.are;areB.am;amC.ani;areD.is;is7.Every"boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.A.isB.areC.hasD.have10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunishedPage16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmenC.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.A.areB.wasC.isD.be16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.A.doesn"tchangeB.don"tchangeC.changeD.changed17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.A.isB.areC.wasD.were18.ChairmanMao"sworks____published.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen20.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were22.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswho____elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen24.Manyaman____cometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are26.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching27.Yourtrousers____dirty.Youmusthave____washed.A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them28.Thispairoftrouseis____toolongforhim.A.isB.beC.areD.were29.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasD.havePage16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一30.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.A.isB.areC.getD.equalKeys:1~5AAACA6~10CBDAD11~15ACABA16~20AABDB21~25ADCBC26~30BCAAA31~35ACAAB36~40CABBA41~45BCCCA46~50ADBBC情态动词1情态动词的语法特征　1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。　2）情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。　3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。　4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。2比较can和beableto1）can　could表示能力；可能(过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。　Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。2）只用beableto　a.位于助动词后。　b.情态动词后。　c.表示过去某时刻动作时。　d.用于句首表示条件。　e.表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。　　　HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.　　=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.　　注意：could不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。　　---CouldIhavethetelevisionon?　　---Yes,youcan./No,youcan"t.2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。　　　　Hecouldn"tbeabadman.　　　　　　他不大可能是坏人。3比较may和might1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may放在句首，表示祝愿。　　　　MayGodblessyou!　　　　Hemightbeathome.注意：might表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may小。2）成语：may/mightaswell，后面接不带to的不定式，意为"不妨"。　　　Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.典型例题　Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn"tverysureyet.　A.must　　B.may　C.can　D.willPage16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一　答案B.表可能性只能用may.　此句意可从后半句推出。4比较haveto和must1)　两词都是"必须"的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。　　Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.　我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)　　Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2)　haveto有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.3）在否定结构中：don"thaveto　表示"不必"　　　　　　　　　　mustn"t　　　　表示"禁止"，　　Youdon"thavetotellhimaboutit.　你不一定要把此事告诉他。　　Youmustn"ttellhimaboutit.　　　　你一定不要把这件事告诉他。5must表示推测　1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。　2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式。　　　Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.　你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）　　　Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：　　　Hemustbestayingthere.　　　　他现在肯定呆在那里。　　　Hemuststaythere.　　　他必须呆在那。　3)must表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must要接完成式。　　Ididn"thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.　我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。　4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must后面要接不定式的完成进行式。　　---Whydidn"tyouanswermyphonecall?　　---Well,Imusthavebeensleeping,soIdidn"thearit.5)否定推测用can"t。　　IfTomdidn"tleavehereuntilfiveo"clock,hecan"tbehomeyet.　如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。6表示推测的用法　can,could,may,might,must皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1）情态动词+动词原形。　　表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。　　Idon"tknowwheresheis,shemaybeinWuhan.2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。　　表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。　　Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.　　这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3）情态动词+动词完成时。　　表示对过去情况的推测。　　WewouldhavefinishedthisworkbytheendofnextDecember.　　明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。　　Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.　　地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。Page16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一　　表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。　　Yourmothermusthavebeenlookingforyou.　　你妈妈一定一直在找你。5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can"t,couldn"t表示。　　Mikecan"thavefoundhiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.　　迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意：could,might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can,may。7情态动词+have+过去分词1)may(might)have+donesth,can(could)have+donesth　表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。　　Philipmay(might)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.　　Philipcan(could)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.2)　musthave+donesth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。　---Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.　---Shemusthavegonebybus.3)oughttohavedonesth,shouldhavedonesth　　本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。　　Yououghtto(should)havebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment.　　Heoughtnottohavethrowntheoldclothesaway.（事实上已扔了。）　　oughtto在语气上比should要强。4)needn"thavedonesth　本没必要做某事　　Idressedverywarmlyforthetrip,butI　needn"thavedoneso.Theweatherwashot.5)wouldliketohavedonesth　本打算做某事　　　Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.8should和oughtto　　should和oughtto都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。　　---Oughthetogo?　　---Yes.Ithinkheoughtto.　　表示要求，命令时，语气由should（应该）、hadbetter最好）、must（必须）渐强。9hadbetter表示"最好"　　hadbetter相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。　　hadbetterdosth　　hadbetternotdosth　　Itisprettycold.You"dbetterputonmycoat.　　She"dbetternotplaywiththedog.hadbetterhavedonesth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。　　Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier.10wouldrather表示"宁愿"　wouldratherdo　wouldrathernotdo　wouldrather…than…　宁愿……而不愿。还有wouldsooner,hadrather,hadsooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。IfIhaveachoice,Ihadsoonernotcontinuemystudiesatthisschool.　Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.典型例题----Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?Page16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一----Which___do?　　　　　A.doyourather　　B.wouldyourather　C.willyourather　D.shouldyourather答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，wouldrather+dosth意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would提前，所以选B。11will和would　注意：　1）wouldlike；Wouldliketodo=wantto想要，为固定搭配。　　Wouldyouliketogowithme?　2）Willyou…?　Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some,而不是any。　　Wouldyoulikesomecake?　3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would,won"tyou是一种委婉语气。　　Won"tyousitdown?12情态动词的回答方式　　问句　　　肯定回答　　　　否定回答Needyou…?　　Yes,Imust.　　　No,Ineedn"tMustyou…?　　　　　　　　　　　/don"thaveto.典型例题1）---CouldIborrowyourdictionary?　　---Yes,ofcourse,you____.　　A.might　B.will　C.can　D.should　答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中ofcourse，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和may来表达，不能用could或might。复习：will与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you连用，用来提出劝告。2）---ShallItellJohnaboutit?　　---No,you___.I"vetoldhimalready.　　　A.needn"t　　B.wouldn"t　　C.mustn"t　　D.shouldn"t　答案A。needn"t不必，不用。wouldn"t将不,不会的。mustn"t禁止、不能。shouldn"t　不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn"t。3）---Don"tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.　　---______.　　A.Idon"t　B.　Iwon"t　C.Ican"t　D.Ihaven"t　　答案B.　will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选B。13带to的情态动词　带to的情态动词有四个：oughtto,haveto,usedto,beto,如加上havegotto,(=must),beableto，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：　Dotheyhavetopaytheirbillbeforetheendofthemonth?　Shedidn"tusetoplaytennisbeforeshewasfourteen.　Yououghtnottohavetoldherallaboutit.　Oughthetoseeaheartspecialistatonce.?oughtto本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do等助动词协助。典型例题　Tomoughtnotto___meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.　　A.havetold　B.tell　C.betelling　D.havingtold　答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词oughtto后，所以用have。14比较need和darePage16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一　这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时,后面的to时常可以被省略。1)实义动词：need　（需要,要求）　　　　　　　need+n./todosth2)情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为neednot。　　Needyougoyet?　　Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn"t.3)need的被动含义：need,want,require,worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：　　　needdoing=needtobedone练习：1.He ______ youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.  A.mighthavegiven  B.mightgive  C.mayhavegiven  D.maygive2.Jenny______ havekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.  A.must     B.should    C.need    D.would3..-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?  -Yes,ofcourseyou_________   A.might    B.willC.can  D.should4.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI______forher.  A.hadtowriteitout         B.musthavewrittenitout  C.shouldhavewrittenitout    D.oughttowriteitout5.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?   —No,you______.I"vetoldhimalready.  A.needn"t               B.wouldn"t    C.mustn"t               D.shouldn"t6.─Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.   ─It______ acomfortablejourney.   A.can"tbe           B.shouldn"tbe   C.mustn"thavebeen       D.couldn"thavebeen7.It"snearlyseveno"clock.Jack______ behereatanymoment.   A.must     B.need      C.should    D.can8..Whenhewasthere,he______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterwork   everyday.  A.would       B.shouldC.hadbetter        D.might9..Sir,you_____besittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.  A.oughtn"tto                 B.can"t  C.won"t                      D.needn"t10.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.  A.hadto    B.would    C.could    D.wasableto11.--WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.  --They_____bereadyby12:00.  A.can  B.should  C.might  D.need12..--IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.   --Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.  A.couldhavestayed  B.couldstayPage16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一  C.wouldstay        D.musthavestayed13.－Willyoustayforlunch?  －Sorry,＿＿＿＿＿,Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.  A.Imustn"t   B.Ican"t    C.Ineedn"t   D.Iwon"t14.SorryI"mlate.I______haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.  A.might    B.should    C.can    D.will15.Ishouldhavebeenthere,butI_______notfindthetime.A.would    B.could    C.might    D.should16.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe___yourlecture.  A.couldn"thaveattended      B.needn"thaveattended  C.mustn"thaveattended      D.shouldn"thaveattended17.---AreyoucomingtoJeff"sparty?　---I"mnotsure.I________gototheconcertinstead.　　A．mustB．would　　C．shouldD．might18.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_________itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?      A．can  B．should    C．may    D．must19Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe________agoal.    A．hadscored   B．scored    C．wouldscore   D．wouldhavescored20.—Writetomewhenyougethome.      —_________      A．Imust    B．Ishould  C．Iwill    D．Ican21.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.A.mustn"tleaveB.Shouldn"thaveleftC.Couldn"thaveleftD.needn"tleave22.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I______   somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’tcut          B.mustn’thaveeatenC.shouldn’thaveeaten    D.mustn’teat23.--Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.--It_____betruebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.  Amaynotbe  Bwon’tbe  Ccouldn’tbe  Dmustn’tbe24.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.  Acan      Bwill      Cmay      Dshall25.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags______belefeforashorttime,especiallyinarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will26.---Idon"tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.---You.I"mnotaskingyouforit.A.mustn"tB.maynotC.can"tD.needn’t27.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_____reportittothepolice?A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can28.Mr.White_____at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’t’showup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving29.You______betired-you"veonlybeenworkingforanhour.Page16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一A.mustnotB.won"tC.can"tD.maynot30.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well,ifyouknow,hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shallKeys:1-5ABCCA6-10DCAAD11-15BABAB16-20ADADC21-25BCCDB26-30DAACC被动语态语态(Voice)，作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(ActiveVoice)和被动语态(PassiveVoice)。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：(1)JohnhelpedPeter.(2)PeterwashelpedbyJohn.句(1)helped是主动态；句(2)washelped是被动态,可见主动态是无标记的，而被动态是有标记的。构成被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。如：一般现在时的被动态构成形式为助动词am/is/are+过去分词；而一般过去时的被动态构成形式为was/were+过去分词。本册要掌握的被动语态形式有：一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词e.g.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.I’moftenaskedtodothiswork.我常常被派做这项工作。一般过去时：was/were+过去分词e.g.Theterracottawarriorswerefoundin1974nearXi’an.Theywerediscoveredbyworkersinafieldoutsidethecity.Whenwasthebuildingcompleted?这座大楼什么时候建成的？一般将来时：will(shall)+be+过去分词begoingto+be+过去分词e.g.Theresultoftheexamwillbeknownsoon.Theyaregoingtobegivenadifficulttest.一般过去将来时：should(would)be+过去分词e.g.Theteachersaidtheresultswouldbepublishedsoon.Hetoldmethatthefilmwouldbeshownthenextweek.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词e.g.Thenewairportisbeingbuiltbyaforeigncompany. 一家外国公司正在承建这座新机场。Page16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一Thesongisbeingsungbythegirlsnow.过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词e.g.ThesongwasbeingsungbythegirlswhenIgotthere.ThestudentwasbeingcriticizedwhenIwentintotheteacher’soffice.将来完成时：willhavebeen+过去分词e.g.Bytheendofnextterm2000Englishwordswillhavebeenlearned.Thebuildingwillhavebeenbuiltbynextyear.现在完成时：has/have+been+过去分词e.g.Alltheticketshavebeensold.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.这本书已被译成多种语言。过去完成时：hadbeen+过去分词e.g.Fortyschoolshadbeenvisitedbylastyear.AlltheticketshadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothecinema.过去将来完成时：wouldhavebeen+过去分词e.g.Hesaidmanywordswouldhavebeenlearnedby2001.Theypromisedthattenbookswouldhavebeenpublishedbythenextmonth.情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词e.g.Thisroadmustbemended.Themachinepartsmaybeneededinourwork.工作中可能需要这些机器零部件。动词不定式：tobe+过去分词e.g.I’mgladtobeaskedquestions.Itisimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.失去的时间不可弥补。主要用法被动态常用于下列几种场合：1．当不知道或不必提出动作的执行者时（这时都不带由by引起的短语）；PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。TheairplanewasmadeinU.S.Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.这种书是为儿童写的。2.动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带有由by引起的短语）；Thesongwascomposedbyastudent.这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。Thousandsofriversarepollutedinthecountry.3.出于礼貌措词等原因而不愿说出动作执行者是谁。Youarerequestedtogethereintime.请您准时来这儿。带行为主体的被动态Page16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一行为主体就是动作的执行者，即执行动词所表达的动作的人或物。在被动句中，往往不提及行为主体；但当强调动作的执行者时，可用介词by引出行为(by+主体行为主体),置于被动态句的末尾，说明是什么人或物应对有关事件负责。e.g.Thevillagewasdestroyedbyabomb.这个村庄毁于炸弹。Thepaintingisveryvaluable.ItwaspaintedbyVanGogh.这幅画很值钱，它是梵·高画的。其它用法补充1.“It+被动语态+that从句”。表示谨慎或不太肯定的语气。常用于该结构的动词有：say,think,believe,agree,expect,consider,feel,know,decide,report,suggest,prove等。e.g.Itissaidthatpriceswillriseagainthismonth.据说本月物价还将上涨。Itisthoughtthataboutamilliondogsareborneachyear.据认为每年约有一百条狗出生。Itisreportedthatallthepassengersdiedinthecrash.据报导所有乘客在那次飞机坠毁中遇难。Itisagreedthatwewillhavetwoweeksholidaythisyear.2.用于通告标题广告等的被动态往往省去助动词be。e.g.NoChinesespokenhere.Shoesrepaired.FamousPaintingStolen.名画被盗。练习：1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____inthschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone7.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn"tsentB.hasn"tbeensentC.won"tbesentD.wasn"tsent8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used9.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written10.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.Page16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump13.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter14.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened15.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served16.Itwasreportedthatthemurderer_______arrested.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.had17.Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.isbeingcompleted18.Greatchanges_______inChinasincethePeople’sRepublicofChina_______in1949.A.havetakenplace;wasfoundedB.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;foundedD.tookplace;founded19.—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?—Shehas_______byherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed21.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof22.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begiven23.I_______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven24.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom25.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding26.Thisbike________lastyear.A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenbought27.Didyouseethehousethat_______byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyed28.It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.isn’tdecidingC.doesn’tdecideD.hasn’tdecided29.Thepen_______me.Itishers.A.isn’tbelongtoB.wasn’tbelongtoC.doesn’tbelongtoD.didn’tbelongto30.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.willrepairD.wasrepairing31.Thechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe______tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself_____.A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hear.hadhoped;hearD.washoped;heard32．—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.It_____forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned33.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_______inBeijing.(2003上海春季,27)Page16of16让每一个学生超越老师！ 思致超越知行合一A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted34.—Howlong_______atthisjob?—Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed35.—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?—_______.A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem36.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_______tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling37.Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut38.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_______sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschanged.willhavechangedD.willchange39.Hundredsofjobs_______ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose40.Anewcinema_______here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuiltKeys:1-5BDACC6-10BBBBB11-15BDBAB16-20BBADC21-25BABCB26-30CDACB31-35ADDBA36-40CCABDPage16of16让每一个学生超越老师！