高中英语语法情态动词专题(精辟) 5页

考点识别：情态动词为必修三的语法点，从近几年的高考情况看，对情态动词的考查为高考重点项目之一，高考的热点依次为：推测和能力，必要性，请求建议命令，所以要求考生准确把握情态动词的意义和用法。一、表推测词形肯定否定must必然；一定—should按说应该应该不会oughtto按说应该应该不会 can/could可能/微弱的可能不可能may/might也许/微弱的可能可能不会技巧：做到情态动词表示推测的题，一定要把题目读完，根据题目所提供的信息判断填空部分所需要的语气。e.g.Hemustbethewantedman,forhe’sexactlylikethispicture.（因为他和照片很像，能够判断出语气是很肯定的）(2011北京，24)—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.Hecome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot二、表能力can:表示现在的能力could：表示过去的能力beabletowillbeableto:将来的能力was/wereableto：过去有能力并且成功地做了某事技巧：这三个词不易混淆，所以做此类题时，一般通过翻译就能选出答案。但是要注意题目的时态。e.g.(2010全国II,17)I’mafraidMr.HardingAseeyounow.Heisbusy.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t不能(2011四川，20)Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingalltheyA.A.canB.mayC.mustD.should三、表必要性must:一定，必须mustn’t:不准，强行禁止haveto:不得不don’thaveto:不必 need:需要needn’t:不需要e.g.(2011上海，28)IDworryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.daren’tD.needn’t不需要四、表请求、建议、命令、允许、禁止1.表示请求、建议shall：用于一、三人称，表示征求对方意见。may/might：表示允许、请求。will/would：用于第二人称，表示请求或建议。e.g.Shallthedriverwaitoutside?司机在外边等着可以吗？2.表示命令、允诺must必须mustn’t禁止；不准should/oughtto应该shouldn’t/oughtn’tto不应该(易错点)shall:常与二、三人称连用，表命令、警告、威胁、允诺。will:表示意愿、决心。e.g.（2011陕西卷）——Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?——OK.You_D_haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall（允诺）情态动词+havedone一般考试时，常与虚拟语气连用来作为考点。翻译该句型时，加个“本”字即可。情态动词+havedone用法例句musthavedone一定/准是/想必做了Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitemuddy.can/couldhavedone本来能够做Canhehavegonetohisaunt’shome?cannot/couldn’thavedone过去不可能做了Hecannothaveforgottentheaccident.may/mighthavedone也许/或许已经做了It’stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.should/oughttohavedone本该做而实际上未做Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone本不该做而实际上做了Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做而做了Youneedn’thavetakenataxihere,becauseitwasveryneartomy house.hadbetter（not）havedone当时最好做了(没做)Youhadbetterhavefinisheditontime.wouldrather（not）havedone宁愿当时做了（没做）Iraisedobjectionsatthemeeting,butnowIwouldrathernothavedonethat.wouldlike/lovetohavedone过去愿意做但未做成Iwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.e.g.(2008,江苏，35)—I’msorry.IBatyoutheotherday.—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshoutB.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshoutD.mustn’thaveshouted易错点：1.cannotbut+dosth:不得不/只好做某事e.g.Icannotbutchoosetogo.另外，表达该意思的其他句型有：can’thelpbutdocan’tchoosebutdocandonothingbutdohavenochoicebutdo2.mayaswell+do:最好，倒不如e.g.Youmayaswelldoitatonce.3.should还可用在if引导的条件状语从句中，表示“万一”e.g.(09天津15)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_B_breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might万一“Why/Howshould”,表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到惊讶，意为“竟会”e.g.Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天怎么来得这么晚？4.must表示“非要，偏要，硬要”e.g.（2011全国卷二）Ifyou__C___smoke,pleasegooutside.(如果你非要抽烟，请到外面抽)A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may5.dare/need做情态动词时，后加do，否定式为daren’t/needn’t+do做实义动词时，后加todo，否定式为don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+todo 自我演练1．WehaveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner.A．maynotB．needn’tC．can’tD．mustn’t2.-____youinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?----SorrySir,butit’surgent.A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would3.I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI_______findthemoney.A.canB.mightC.wouldD.need4.It’squitewarmhere;we__________turntheheatingonyet.A.couldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t5.Iuseaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo"clockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.A.couldn"tB.mustn"tC.shouldn"tD.needn"t6.—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?--OK.You________haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall7.They_____havearrivedatlunch-timebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.should8.Ifyou__go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will9.It_______bethepostmanatthedoor.Itisonlysixo’clock.A.mustn’tBcan’tCwon’tDneedn’t10.Justbepatient.You_____expecttheworldtochangesosoon.A.can’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.willnot11.---_____Itakethebookout?---I’mafraidnot.A.WillB.MayC.MustD.Need12.-Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.---Don’tworry.You____haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may13.Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butit____beregularexercise.A.canB.willC.mustD.may14.Ihavetoldyouthetruth._____Ikeeprepeatingit?A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Will15.I’mafraidMr.Harding_____seeyounow.He’sbusy.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t