高考英语高中英语语法之【倒装】 7页

www.gaokaoq.com高考圈-让高考没有难报的志愿第七章倒装第一节基本知识与基本概念【什么是倒装】倒装是英语中很有意思的一种通过改变句子主语和谓语的正常顺序来表达特殊的意思或达到修辞目的的手段。英语句子的基本语序是“主语＋谓语”，如果将谓语置于主语之前，这种语序就叫做倒装。【倒装的类型】倒装句分完全倒装和部分倒装两种情况。完全倒装指整个谓语都提前到主语之前，但如果主语为代词而不是名词时，主语和谓语并不倒装。例如：Herecomesthebus.(全部倒装)Hereyouare.（因为主语是代词you，所以没有倒装）部分倒装指将谓语中的一部分，如助动词、情态助动词或系动词be放在主语的前面，其余部分仍在主语后面。例如：　Onlyinthiswaycanwemakemorecontributionstoourhometown.【倒装怎么实现？】动词倒装的方法一般是：１、动词be和主语颠倒进行倒装；（完全倒装和部分倒装通用）例如：Hereisabookforyou.OnlyuntilrecentlywasIawareofthenewsituation.２、如果谓语动词中有助动词、情态助动词，则将它们与主语颠倒,实现部分倒装。例如：　Hardlyhadwestartedwhentheytoldustostop.TomcanbeatJackintennisandsocanyou.OftenhaveItoldyounottotouchanythinginmylab!３、如果谓语动词是行为动词，其前面既无助动词也没有情态助动词，则用助动词do进行倒装。例如：LittledoesheknowaboutChinesehistory.Jilldidn’tfollowtheteacher’sorderandneitherdidanyoneelse.【高考怎么考倒装？】倒装考点在高考中属于次要考点，并不是每年都必然要考查。但从有限的高考原题中，我们还是能够明显感觉到，部分倒装的重要性比完全倒装大第二节　　具体考点解析【考点一、什么情况下需要完全倒装？】通常情况下，能引起完全倒装的有三种情况：１、Therebe结构　　Therebe结构及其各种变体就是我们接触最早的，也是我们最熟悉的一种完全倒装。例如：Thereusedtobeatempleintheforest.Therearemanypeopleinfrontofthecityhall.Therelivedaverysmartking.Theremaybesomepossibilitythatwecanbechosenforthetask. www.gaokaoq.com高考圈-让高考没有难报的志愿由于很明显的原因，therebe结构出现在高考题目中一般不会以考查倒装为目的。２、当直接引语放在句首时，谓语动词应该完全放在主语之前。例如：　　“Youmustbejoking!”,shoutedmywife.“Noway”,saidmybosscoldly.“HeisthelastmanIwanttosee”,answeredtheboy.由于受到本身条件的限制，这种情况也很难以高考题的形式出现。３、当方位副词here,there,up,down,in,out,away等出现在句子的开头时；或表示方位或方向的介词短语位于句首时。　例如：　　Upwenttherocket.Downcametheplane.Outrushedthelittleboy.AwaywentTom.Incameourheadmaster.Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.Onthetopofthehillstandsanoldtree.Infrontofthehousesatasmallboy.注意，这才是真正能出题的一种完全倒装形式。但限制也比较多，除了三条通用的主语必须是名词不能是代词一条外，它还要求谓语必须是不及物动词。因为，如果后面的动词有宾语，动词提前的话，句子结构就很尴尬了。【考点二、否定副词放在句首时的倒装】含有否定含义的词hardly,scarcely,rarely,never,little,seldom,neither,nor,notonly,notuntil,nosooner等于句首时，句子部分倒装。例如：Littledidheknowwhothewomanwas.NevershallIforgetthetimewhenwecouldhardlymakebothendsmeet.　Hardlyhadwesatdownwhenthemoviestarted.Nosoonerhadwesatdownthanthemoviestarted.Seldomhasshecometomyofficetoaskquestions.TheSmithsshouldnotbreaktherules.Norshouldwe.NotonlycanIdevotemyselftomyhometownbutIalsocanseemyparentsmoreoften.【考点三、so,such在句首时的倒装】　　so,such于句首，后带表语或状语时，其后所接的主句部分倒装。例如：Socarelesslydidhedrivethathealmostkilledhimself.Sofastdidthemotorcyclistrushthateventhepolicemendidn’tcatchhim.Sosillywasmywifethatshesoldallmybooksatalowprice.Suchseriousdamagewasdonetomycarthatittooktheworkersamonthtomendit.Suchgoodpartnersdidwehavethatwefinishedourworkaheadoftime.【考点四、so,neither,nor在句首时的倒装】　　so,neither,nor于句首，表示主语与前面句子的主语情况相同时(既主语不是同一个人或物)，句子要部分倒装。例如：---Idon’tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther. www.gaokaoq.com高考圈-让高考没有难报的志愿---NeithercanI.Let’sstophereforarest.---Jack,youreallytookgreattroubletohelpJim.---Sodoyou.---IheardLarryJohnsonisanexpertinnuclearenergy.---Yes.Andsoishisbrother.有时，so引出的句子只是单纯重复前面的内容，重要特点是两个句子的主语是同一个人或物时，句子不倒装。例如：---Itwascoldyesterday.---Soitwas.---Youleftallthelightsonintheofficelastnight.---MyGod.SoIdid.有时，前面的句子提供了两种类型的谓语动词，如一个be动词，一个行为动词或一个肯定一个否定，这时，也不倒装。例如：　---Maryisahardworkingstudentsandsheoftenhelpsothers.---Soitiswithhersister.---Robinsonrobbedabandandwassentencedtoprison.---Itwasthesamewithhisbrother.【考点五、only强调状语放在句首时的倒装】　　only强调状语放在句首时，句子部分倒装。例如：OnlywhenhetoldmethisdidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.Onlyinthiswaycanyoumasterthespiritofthelanguage.Onlyuntilrecentlydidweknowthenewdiscoverymade10yearsago.OnlyyesterdaydidIfinishthebook.Onlyathomeareyouallowedtosmoke.【考点六、让步状语从句中的倒装】though,as引导让步状语从句时，常将表语或状语前置，表语为单数可数名词时冠词要省略。例如：Youngas/thoughheis,heknowsmorethanyou.Freshman(大学一年级学生)as/thoughheis,hehasbeenpickedbyanNBAteam.Childas/thoughheis,hecanworkoutthedifficultquestion.Hardastheymaytry,theycanneverachievetheirgoal.【考点七、频度副词在句首时的倒装】　　表示频率的副词often位于句首时句子部分倒装。例如：OftenhaveIhavetoldthemnottogoswimminginthatlake.OftendidIremindhimoftheimportantmeeting.【考点八、虚拟语气中的倒装】　　如果虚拟语气中的虚拟条件句省略if，必须部分倒装。例如：Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.　=Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.HadIhadthechance,Iwouldhavedonebetterthanhim.=IfIhadhadthechance,Iwouldhavedonebetterthanhim. www.gaokaoq.com高考圈-让高考没有难报的志愿WereItobecomearichperson,Iwouldhelpthepoormore.=IfIweretobecomearichperson,Iwouldhelpthepoormore.第三节　巩固练习一、【夯实基础】1.____canyouexpectapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard2.Notasinglesong_____atyesterday’sparty.A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingD.shedidsing3.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife_____sohappy.A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt4.---Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight.---MyGod!______.A.SodidIB.SoIdidC.SowereyouD.Sodidyou5.---Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.---______,and______.A.Sohehas,soyouhaveB.Sohehas,sohaveyouC.Sohashe,sohaveyouD.Sohashe,soyouhave6.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver,_____howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize7.Nowhereelseintheworld_____abetterandcheapercamerathaninourshop.A.doyoubuyB.youcanbuyC.youwillbuyD.canyoubuy8.Amongthehigh-riskgroupofheartdisease_____peoplewithapreferenceforfat-richfoods.A.thereareB.areC.theyareD.whoare9.Yousayheworksveryhared._____and______.A.Sohedoes;sodoyouB.Sodoeshe;soyoudoC.Sohedoes;soyoudoD.Sodoeshe;sodoyou10._____enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadlefthisreportbehind.A.HehardlyhadB.HadhehardlyC.HardlyhadheD.Hardlyhehad11.Soseriously____intheaccidentthathewassenttohospitalatonce.A.hewasinjuredB.washeinjuredC.hedidinjureD.didheinjure12._____landisimprovedbysowingitwithvariousseeds,____isthemindbyexercisingitwithdifferentstudies.A.When;soB.As;asC.As;soD.If;so www.gaokaoq.com高考圈-让高考没有难报的志愿13.Sheneverlaughed,____losetemper.A.orsheeverdidB.nordidsheeverC.ordidsheeverD.norsheeverdid14.Only____toborrowthemagazinesfromthereading-room.A.aretheteachersallowedB.theteachersareallowedC.areallowedtheteachersD.didtheteachersbeallowed15.---IseldomwatchTV,butlistentotheradioalot.---_____.A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.I’mthesameD.Soitiswithme16.Toallthepeoplehere____thehonorforthesuccess.　A.belongB.belongsC.belongstoD.isbelonged17.---Ihavegreatdifficultyworkingoutthisproblem.---___tomeyesterday,you_____lessdifficultywithsuchproblemsnow.A.Ifyouhadlistened,wouldhavehadB.Ifyoulistened,wouldhaveC.Hadyoulistened,wouldhaveD.Ifyoulisten,willhave18.Insuchahurry_____totheschoolyardthathewasoutofbreath.A.ranheB.heranC.didherunD.hewasrunning19.Ifyourefusetoaccepttheinvitation,_______.A.sowouldsheB.sodoessheC.sowillsheD.neitherwillshe20.____,Iwillnotbuyit.A.IlikeitmuchB.LikeasIitmuchC.MuchdoIlikeitD.MuchasIlikeit二、【真题实战２００５】　1.______,Carolinacouldn"tgetthedooropen.(广东卷)　A.TryasshemightB.Asshemighttry　C.ShemightastryD.Mightsheastry　2.Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,_______.(全国II卷)A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoessoC.Johndoesn’ttooD.nordoesJohn3.Neverbefore______ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.(上海卷)A.hasthiscitybeenB.thiscityhasbeenC.wasthiscityD.thiscitywas4.Onlyaftermyfriendcame_______.(福建卷)A.didthecomputerrepairB.herepairedthecomputerC.wasthecomputerrepairedD.thecomputerwasrepaired5.---Father,youpromised!(湖北)---Well,______.Butitwasyouwhodidn’tkeepyourwordfirst.A.sowasIB.sodidIC.soIwasD.soIdid6.---Well,Idothinktherabbitisabeautiful,gentleanimalwhichcanrunveryfast.---_____________.(辽宁卷) www.gaokaoq.com高考圈-让高考没有难报的志愿A.SoitisB.SoisitC.SodoesitD.Soitdoes7.Inthedarkforests________,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.(同上)A.standmanylakesB.liemanylakesC.manylakeslieD.manylakesstand8.---Maggiehadawonderfultimeattheparty.(安徽卷)---________,andsodidI.A.SoshehadB.SohadsheC.SoshedidD.Sodidshe9.______aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.(江苏卷)A.SocuriousthecouplewasB.SocuriouswerethecoupleC.HowcuriousthecouplewasD.Thecouplewassuchcurious三、【真题实战２００６】　1.---DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?---No,nosooner_____thanithappened.(天津卷)A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegoneD.shehasgone2.I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans___withmyprogress.(重庆卷)A.theteacherisnotsatisfiedB.istheteachernotsatisfiedC.theteacherissatisfiedD.istheteachersatisfied3.---Iremindedyounottoforgettheappointment.---_______.(江西卷)A.SoyoudidB.SoIdonotC.SodidyouD.SodoI4.Sodifficult______ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.(广东卷)A.IhavefoundB.haveIfoundC.IdidfindD.didIfind5.Neverinmywildestdreams_____thesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.(安徽卷)A.IcouldimagineB.couldIimagineC.Icouldn’timagineD.couldn’tIimagine6.Atthefootofthemountain______.A.avillagelieB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage7.Onlythen_____howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.(陕西卷)A.hadsherealizedB.sherealizedC.didsherealizeD.shehadrealized四、【真题实战２００7】１.IfJoe’swifewon’tgototheparty,____.（全国II）A.hewilleither　B.neitherwillhe　C.heneitherwill　D.eitherhewill www.gaokaoq.com高考圈-让高考没有难报的志愿2.---Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.（江苏卷）---___________.A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.Sominedoes3.thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbranchesclsewhere.（陕西卷）A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.Sowashersuccessfulbusiness4.._______,hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.（重庆卷）A.StrangeasmightitsoundB.AsitmightsoundstrangeC.AsstrangeitmightsoundD.Strangeasitmightsound5.Little_______thatwewerewatchinghiseverymove,soheseemedtobegoinghisownwayinthisbusiness.(安徽卷)A.herealizedB.hedidn"trealizeC.didn"therealizeD.didherealize6.IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfortwentyyears,butseldom_____solonelyasnow.(辽宁卷)A.haveIfeltB.IhadfeltC.IhavefeltD.HadIfelt7.---Howwastheteleviseddebatelastnight?---Super!Rarely______somuchmediaattention.A.adebateattractedB.didadebateattractC.adebatedidattractD.attractedadebate参考答案：　一、【夯实基础】1-5CCDBB6-10ADBAC11-15BCBBD16-20BCCCD二、【真题实战２００５】1-5ADACD6-9ABCB三、【真题实战２００６】1-5ADADB6-7BC四、【真题实战２００7】1-5BCBDD6-7AB