英语语法讲解----倒装 47页

(倒装句)Inversion第七讲句法、特定结构及其其他语法现象——倒装 Sheisanicegirl.英语句子的语序英语句子的自然语序：英语句子的倒装结构:主语在前，谓语动词在后谓语动词放在主语之前自然语序Issheanicegirl?倒装语序 倒装类型完全倒装部分倒装 *完全倒装：*部分倒装：全部谓语放在主语之前只把助动词、情态动词或连系动词放在主语之前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后。__________英语倒装句分为两种： Thereisatableintheroom.Whydidyoudoitlikethat?Canyoutellthefollowing?完全倒装部分倒装部分倒装 一、完全倒装1.在there,here引导的句子中，谓语是be,exist,live,lie等表示状态的不及物动词。Thereisnobodyintheclassroom.Thereseemssomethingwrongwithmyradio.Therestandsatempleonthetopofthemountain. 2、在there,here引导的句子中,谓语动词用come,go,follow,enter,rush,occur(发生)等。Theregoesthebell.Therehappenedaneventlastweek.Herecomesyourhusband.注意：主语是人称代词时，则不需倒装。Herehecomes.Hereitis. 3、副词now,then,thus（因此，如此）引导的句子里，谓语是come,follow,begin,end,be等．Nowcomesyourturn!Thenfollowedanothershotofgun.Thusendedthemeeting. 4.in,out,down,up,over,away,off,back,below等副词作状语置于句首时，谓语常用动词有come,go,rush等不及物动词。Upandupgotheprices.Offwentthehorses.Downcamethebrownwaves!但如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。Backtheyfought.（fightback还击）Upitflew. ５、在直接引语全部或部分置于句首时，引用动词和它的主语（名词）往往要倒装。“You’vemadegreatprogressthisterm.”saidtheteacher.“Tom”,saidhisfather,“Youshouldn’tmakefriendswithsuchboys!” 注意：1)主语是代词时，倒装不倒装都可以。“Whereareyougoing?”askedhe.(Heasked.)2)引用动词另有宾语时，即使主语是名词也不倒装。“Whydidn’tyoujoinus!”Ourmonitoraskedus. 6、谓语是be,表语提前时，整个句子需倒装。Happyishewhodevotedhimselftothecauseofcommunism.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asinglemanofgreatachievements. 7、地点状语提前，为了保持句子平衡且谓语是be,stand,sit,lie,come等动词时。Oneverypieceofpaperwasapictureofahorse.Fromaspeakeronthewallcomesthedoctor’svoice.Onthegroundlayagoat. 二、部分倒装1、在以so,nor,neither开头的句子里。(…也是;…也不是）AfishcanswimandsocanI.Igetupatsevenandsodoesmybrother.Hedidn’tdoitandneitherdidI.Hedidn’tsmoke,nordidhedrink. １）如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装.（…确实是）--Itishottoday.--Soitis.--Hefinisheditontime.--Sohedid.注意：２）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，so也不用倒装(…某人照办了）Theteacheraskedmetoreadlouder,andIdidso. 3)当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，则用soitiswith….句型来表示。Tomlikessinging,buthedoesn"tlikedancing.SoitiswithMary.Tomiscleverandhestudieshard.SoitiswithMary. 2、在疑问句里DoyouhaveanEnglishclasseveryday?Whatdidthetwocheatspretendtobedoing? 3、在不带if的虚拟条件从句中。(=Ifheshouldbeinterestedinthissubject,…)Shouldhebeinterestedinthissubject,hemightworkhardatit.HadIknowntheanswer,Ishouldhavetoldyou.(=IfIhadknowntheanswer,Ishouldhave…) never,hardly,scarcely几乎不，仅仅，决不seldom,little,barely仅够，几乎没有rarely不常，很少nowhere无处，到处都无bynomeans决不innocase,atnotime决不not…untilhardly(scarcely)…when,nosooner….than(一…..就)4.在否定或半否定词放句首表示强调时，部分倒装。 NeverbeforehaveImethim.HardlydidIthinkitpossible.Notasinglepaperdidthescholarwritethewholeterm（条款，条件）.Seldomdidtheboyreadnewspaper.LittledoIdreamofseeingsuchwonderfulscenery（风景，景色）.Nowherecouldwefindthebook.Hardlyhadheenteredthehousewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadtheyenteredthehousethanitbegantorain. 1)当上述单词不提前时，则不倒装。Iseldomreadnewspaperbefore.Hehadhardlyfinishedhishomeworkwhenthelightwentout.注意2)当这些词作形容词修饰主语时且置句首时，句子不倒装。Littleworkwasdoneyesterday. 5.Neither..nor连接的两个句子都要倒装；notonly…butalso连接的两个句子时，notonly后面的句子要倒装,butalso不倒装1)Neitherhashecalledonher,norwillhedoso.2)Notonlyshallwelearnfrombooks,butalsoweshouldlearnfrompractice. 6.当"so(such)...that..."结构中的so或such位于句首时,构成部分倒装句。Sobusyisthedentistthathehasnotimetospare. 7.only位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时,要用部分倒装。注意:only修饰状语从句时,主句中倒装,从句中不倒装;only修饰的不是状语时,则不用倒装语序。Onlytheteacherscancomein. 他只有昨天动身去东京。OnlyyesterdaydidheleaveforTokyo.只有当他们回来的时候，我们才知道结果。Onlywhentheycamebackcouldweknowtheresults.只有用这种方式，我们才能计算出这道数学题。Onlyinthiswaycanweworkoutthemathproblem. 当however,nomatterhow引导让步状语从句时,常把however/nomatterhow+形容词/副词放在句首,此时主谓不倒装。Nomatterhowwellapoemistranslated,somethingofthespiritoftheoriginalworkislost. 当方式状语、频度状语等移至句首时，有时也会引起部分倒装。GladlywouldIpaymoreifIcouldgetbetterservicebydoingso.ManyatimehasMikegivenmegoodservice.当然，方式状语移至句首，也可以不用倒装。Stealthilythegirlcreptoutofthedoor.Slowlyandimpressivelyherosefromhisseat. 三、不引起倒装的前置不引起倒装的前置成分通常是宾语、主语补语和宾语补语。Ahorriblemessyouhavemakeofit.(宾语前置）Verystrangeitseemed.(主语补语前置）AscandalIcallit.(宾语补语） 练习：1.Sodifficult________ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel 2.________snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.NotonlytheybroughtNotonlydidtheybringNotonlybroughttheyNotonlytheydidbring 3.Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked,________.A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedin 4.________,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho"sascapableasJohn.A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuchC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetraveledsomuch 当as/though引导让步状语从句时,可出现“名词/形容词/副词/分词+as+主语+动词”或“动词+as+主语+助动词”的倒装形式。当表语是名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。 5.Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight"ssleep________muchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever 6.Onthewall________twolargeportraits.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging 7.Bequick!________.A.ThebuscomeshereB.ThebusherecomesC.HerethebuscomesD.Herecomesthebus 8.Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce________witheachother.A.theyhadquarreledB.theyhavequarreledC.havetheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreled 9.Notasinglesong________atyesterday"sparty.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingD.shedidsing 10.Onlyinthisway________tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.youcanhopeB.youdidhopeC.canyouhopeD.didyouhope 11.Notonly___interestedinfootballbut____beginningtoshowaninterestinit.A.theteacherhimselfis;allhisstudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis;areallhisstudentsC.istheteacherhimself;areallhisstudentsD.istheteacherhimself;allhisstudentsare 12.-DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrothers?-Idon"tknow,and________.A.nordon"tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon"tcareneitherD.Idon"tcarealso 13.-Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.-Goodheaven,________.sodidIB.IdidsoC.soIdidD.Isodid 14.________gotintotheroom________thetelephonerang.A.Hehardlyhad;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;whenC.Hehadnot;thanD.Nothadhe;when 15.________forthefreetickets,Iwouldn"thavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot 16.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will 17.________,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis 18.We"llhavetofinishthejob,________.A.longittakeshoweverB.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakesD.howeverlongittakes