英语语法基础知识句子种类及练习 22页

英语语法基础知识句子种类及练习句子的种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1.凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。e.g.WeliveinTianjin.（肯定句）我们住在天津。Wedon";tliveinShanghai.（否定句）我们不住在上海。注意：（1）在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。e.g.JohnstudiesChineseverywell.（2）一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do（does）,did.e.g.Idon";tlikeswimming.我不喜欢游泳。Hedoesn";thavelunchathomeeveryday.他每天不在家吃午饭。Theydidn";tplayfootballyesterday.他们昨天没有踢足球。2. 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do（does）,did.e.g.DoyouoftenspeakEnglishatschool?在学校你常讲英语吗？Doesshehaveabrother?=Hasshegotabrother?她有兄弟吗？Didittakeyoutwohourstodoyourhomeworklastnight?昨天晚上做作业花了你2个小时吗？WhatdoyouoftendoonSundays?星期日你常常干什么？Whendoesyourfathergetupeverymorning?你父亲每天早晨几点钟起床？Whydidn";tyourteachercometoschoolyesterday?昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢？提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种，这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。结构是：“一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问句”，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说明or前面部分用升调，后面部分用降调。e.g.Isherbrotheranartistoradoctor? 她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生？Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡？ShallwegotothecinemaonSaturdayoronSunday?我们是周六还是周日去电影院？反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实。注意反意疑问句的结构是：肯定的陈述句＋否定的疑问句（缩略形式）或：否定的陈述句＋肯定的疑问句（缩略形式）两部分的人称和时态要一致。特别要注意否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写，主语（最后一个词）必须是代词而不能是名词。e.g.YoursisterhaseverbeentoShanghai,hasn";tshe?你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗？Theboysdidn";tfindanything,didthey?男孩子们什么也没找到/发现，是不是？在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，事实是肯定的要回答Yes,…，事实是否定的要回答No,….e.g.Heisn";tgoingtothemeeting,ishe? 他不去参加会，是吗？Yes,heis.不，他要去。No,heisn";t.是的/对，他不去。Itdidn";tsnowlastweek,didit?上周没有下雪，对吗？Yes,itdid./No,itdidn";t.不，下雪了。是的，没下雪。3.掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句没有主语。指让对方做某事，动词要用原形。表示请求，命令、建议等。e.g.Gobacktoyourseat,please.请回到你的座位上去。Don";tmakesomuchnoise.不要吵吵闹闹。Let";sgotoschooltogether!咱们一起上学去吧！（let";s是含有第一人称主语的祈使句）Lethimhelpthechild.让他帮助那个孩子。（lethim是含有第三人称主语的祈使句）注意：否定形式是Let";s（us,me）+not+动词原形e.g.Let";snotsayanythingaboutit.对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。 4.表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法。How和What与所修饰的词放在句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略。（1）how作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词结构：How+形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语Hownicetheflowersare!花多漂亮啊！Howhardheworks!他工作的多努力啊！（2）what作宾语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语），单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a（an）.结构：Whata（an）+形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语e.g.Whataclevergirl（sheis）!她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！Whatdeliciousfood!多么好吃的食物啊！句子的类型可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句：TheSimpleSentence由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。e.g.Igetupatsixthirtyinthemorning.MymotherandIoftengoshopping.并列句：TheCompoundSentence由并列词and,so,but, or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。要掌握并列句的构成及用法。e.g.Ihelphimandhehelpsme.我帮他，他帮我。Thisisourfirstlesson,soIdon";tknowallyournames.这是我们的第一节课，所以我不认识你们。Shelikesbreadandmilk,butshedoesn";tlikeeggsatall.她喜欢吃面包和牛奶，但她一点儿也不喜欢吃鸡蛋。复合句：TheComplexSentence由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。e.g.Ifyouareill,youmustseethedoctor.如果你病了，一定要去看医生。（状语从句）Ihopehe";sbettertomorrow.我希望他明天身体更好一些。（宾语从句）熟练掌握宾语从句的语序及关联词that,if/whether,what,who,which,whose,when,whattime,where,how等的用法，以及宾语从句的时态。在复合句中作主句的宾语，叫宾语从句。注意：宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。e.g.Iaskedhimifhewasastudent. 宾语从句的时态呼应是：主句的时态是一般现在时，从句可以是任何一个时态。如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句必须是过去时态的一种形式。当表示事实、真理、自然现象时必须用一般现在时。e.g.Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。请注意防止出现以下错误：A.Theysaidthatthey";llleaveifPeterstays.时态错误，应改为：TheysaidthattheywouldleaveifPeterstayed.B.Heaskedwhywereyoulateforschool.语序错误，应改为：Heaskedwhyyouwerelateforschool.C.Herbrotheraskedmewhosebookthiswas?标点错误，问号应该改为句号。熟练掌握由when,before,after,assoonas,until,because,than,if,so…that等词引导的时间、原因，比较，条件、结果状语从句。 在复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫作状语从句。时间状语从句：Whenshereachedhome,shehadashortrest.当她到家时，她休息了一会儿。JudyhadfinishedwritingthebookbeforeshewenttoQueensland.朱娣在去昆士兰之前已经写完了那本书。IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyarticle.我写完文章之后才上床。Assoonasthebellrangthestudents,stoppedtalkingtoeachother.铃声一响，学生们就停止了谈话。Wewon";tleaveuntiltheheadteachercomesback.班主任回来我们才会离开。原因状语从句：Thechildrenwenttothefarm,becausethefarmersneededsomehelp.孩子们去农场是因为农民们需要帮忙。比较状语从句：JimisolderthanLucyis.吉姆比露西大。条件状语从句：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon";tholdasports meetingonthesportsground.如果明天下雨，我们就不在运动场上开运动会了。结果状语从句：TheboxissoheavythatIcan";tliftit.这个箱子太沉以致于我无法抬起来。目的状语从句：Theheadmasterspokeloudlysothatallthestudentscouldhearwhathesaid.校长高声讲话为的是全体学生能够听到他所讲的话。让步状语从句：Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalotofthings.虽然他年龄小，但却认识许多事情。状语从句的时态要与主句时态相互呼应。但要注意以assoonas,when,until等引导的时间状语从句表示将来的动作时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.HewillwritetomeassoonashegetstoAmerica.他一到美国就给我写信。WhenIseehim,Iwilltellhimthisgoodnews. 当我见到他时，我将告诉他这个好消息。Wewon";tleaveuntilwefinishourhomework.直到完成作业我们才会离开。以if引导的条件状语从句假设的是将来的动作，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。e.g.Hewillcometoseemeifhehastime.如果条件状语从句放在宾语从句中，时态则依照宾语从句的要求而变。e.g.MymothersaidshewouldbuymeabookifIstudiedhard.我母亲说如果我努力学习，她要给我买一本书。以because引导的原因状语从句不可能和so一起连用。e.g.Hedidn";tcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.他昨天没来学校，因为他生病了。注意防止出现以下错误：A.I";msurehe";llringyouupifhewillcomeback.从句时态错误，willcome应该改为comes.B.Becausehewastired,sohewenttobedveryearly.中文习惯用“因为……所以……” ，但在英语中because不能和so同时使用，应该去掉其中的一个。I.根据句意及首字母补全单词。1.I"msorryIhaven"tfishiedmyhousework,soIcan"tgoshoppingwithyounow.2.Atlastthenewhouseisb____.Wecanliveinit.3.Thes_____intheclassroomareworkinghard.4.Whereismybook?Ican";tf___it.5.Mygrandmaisninetyy____old.6.Herh______isreadinginthegarden.7.Swimmingisaverypopularw_____sport.8.Howmanydayshaveyous______inSydney?9.Hisdreamofbeingasoldiercamet______.10.Takingc_____ofourenvironmentisveryimportant.II.单项选择：1.Jimcan";tworkouttheproblem.Ican";tworkitout_______. A.yetB.alsoC.eitherD.too2.Iwanttoknowwhichpicture_______best.A.doyoulikeB.didyoulikeC.youarelikeD.youlike3.WhenEdisonwasveryyoung,helikedtofindouthow______.A.didthingsworkB.dothingsworkC.thingsworkD.thingsworked4.DidyouaskKatewhen______thebook?A.willshereturnB.shewillreturnC.wouldshereturnD.shewouldreturn5.Heaskedme,"What______youusually______onSundays?"A.do…doB.×…doC.did…doD.×…did6.Heaskedmewhat______Iusually______.A.do…doB.×…doC.did…doD.×…did7.Doyouknowwhere______twoyearsago?A.MikestudiesB.MikestudiedC.doesMikestudyD.didMikestudy8.Doesanyoneknowwhattime______tomorrow?A.hecomesB.hecameC.hewillcomeD.hewould come9.Aftershefinished______thenewspaper,hewenttobed.A.readB.readingC.toreadD.reads10.Wehavewalkedforalongtime.Let";sstop______arest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had11.HehaslearnedEnglishforlong,butIhaveneverheardhim____ityet.A.sayB.speakC.tospeakD.tosay12.Canyouhearsomeone______upstairsnow?A.talkB.talkingC.talkedD.totalk13."CanItakethemagazineoutofthereading-room?""No,I________youcan";t."A.thinkB.";mafraidC.hopeD.know14."Ithinkyouareagoodstudent.""________."A.No,I";mnotB.It";sverykindofyoutosaysoC.No,Idon";tthinkso.D.That";sallright15."I";mafraidIcan";thelpyou." "_______!"A.ExcusemeB.NevermindC.Yes,youarehere.D.CertainlyIII.从方框中选出下列对话中所需问答语，并将字母填入横线上。Rose:Whatareyouwriting,Dad?Father:1I";mgoingtothesupermarket.Isthereanythingspecialyouwantmetoget?Rose:2Dad?Father:Justacanofbeans.Rose:Well,weneedajarofjam.3Father:Sure.Whatkind,Rose?Rose:CokeorPepsi.4Father:Allright.Whatelse?Rose:Andweneedsomebread,Dad,5.Father:Sure,AndI";mgoingtogetsomefruit.Rose:Goodidea,Dad.A.Canyougetsomewholewheatbread?B.Alettertomyfriend.C.What";sonthelistsofar. D.Ashoppinglist.E.Itdoesn";tmatter.F.Thankyouverymuch.G.Canyougetabottleofsoda?IV.根据中文提示用所给英文词语造句。1.妈妈常告诉我离开房间时别忘记锁门。mother,often,tell,me,forget,lockthedoor,I,leavetheroom.2.对孩子们来说在动物园里观看各种各样的动物是很有趣的。veryinteresting,children,watch,allkindsofanimals,inthezoo.3.今天天热，明天怎么样？hot,today,tomorrow4.如果他不先完成作业，他妈妈不会让他踢足球的。hismother,him,playfootball,he,not,finish,hishomework,first5.长安街大约十公里长，六十米宽。ChanganStreet,about,tenkilometres,sixtymetres 6.星期天他常帮助那位老年妇女干家务。he,often,help,theoldwoman,thehousework,onSundaysV.阅读理解：WhenyoubuyaT-shirt,orafurcoatinastore,itoftencarriesalabel（标签）tellingwhomadeitorfromwhatstoreitwasbought.Indeed,somelabelsshowthedressisfamousanditisveryexpensive,sobuyerssecretlywishtheymightbecarriedforever.Ontheotherhand,buyerswhodealwiththecheapestproductswouldbepleasedtodoawaywithlabelsentirely.However,there";saanotherlabelmoreimportantthantheoneshowingfromwhichstorethedresswasbought.Whenapersonbuysafurcoat,orajacket,fromastore,alabeltellingwhattheproductismadeofshouldbecarriedtoit.Thislabelisrequiredbylaw.Besidestellingwhattheproduceonshowismadeof, thelabelshouldbeinclear.Englishandbewhereonecanfinditeasily.Theinformationonthelabelmustbethetruth.Thereasonforthislabelisthatmostbuyerstodayaren";texpertenoughtoknowexactlywhatkindoffurormaterialtheyarebuying.Thebuyermustbelieveinthestorethatsellstheproductsorinwhatthelabelssay.1.Thelawrequiresthatfurscarrya_______.A.cleanlabelB.clearlabelC.whitelabelD.secretlabel2.Inthearticle,theauthersaysalittleabout______.A.black－marketfursB.managers";officesC.chemicallaboratoriesD.clothingstores3.Thisarticlemainlyrefersto_____.A.makingfursandclothesB.protectingbuyerswithlawC.keepingthebuyerinformedD.businessmenandsellers4.Thewriterdoesn";tagreethat______.A.buyersbuytheclotheswithout labelsB.clothingstoressellcheapdressesC.alltheproductshavelabelsD.labelsarenottrue.5.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.AT-shirtseldomcarriesalableB.Afurcoatwithahighpriceoftencarriesafalselabel.C.AlabelonlysayswhatmaterialtheproductismadeofD.Notallbuyersknowthematerialstheyarebuying.VI.完形填空：Jameswroteaplayforrelevisionaboutanimmigrantfamily,whocametoEnglandfromPakistan,andthetroubletheyhad1downinEngland.Theplaywasasuccessful2,soitwasboughtbyanAmericanTVcompany.JameswasinvitedtogotoNewYorkto3withtheproduction.HelivedinDulwich,4isanhour";sridefromHeathrowAirport.Theflightwastoleaveat8:00a.m.,5hehadto beattheairportabout7:30inthemorning.He6ataxifor6:30,7hisalarmfor5:45,and8tosleep.Unfortunately,heforgotto9theclock,anditstoppedshortlyaftermidnight.Alsothetaxidriverhadtowork10latethatnighttogetupontime.Jamesworkupwitha11feelingthatsomethingwaswrong.Helookedatthealarmclock12tofindithadstoppedthere13,withitshands14to12:10.Heturnedontheradioanddiscoveredthatitwas,infact,8:50.Heswore（咒骂）quietly.Hewas15havingacupoftea.16thenineo";clockpips17ontheradio,Theannouner（播音员）begantoreadthenews:"ABoeing70718NewYorkcrashedshortlyafter19offthismorning.FlightNo.2234…"Jame";sfaceturnedpale."Myflight,"hesaidoutaloud."IfIhadn";toverslept,I20onthatplane."1.A.goingB.puttingC.settlingD.living2.A.jobB.workC.articleD.program3.A.beginB.helpC.doD. deal4.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what5.A.andB.butC.soD.yet6.A.tookB.telephonedC.droveD.ordered7.A.putB.setC.turnedD.fixed8.A.hopedB.wantedC.wentD.got9.A.cleanB.repairC.seeD.wind10.A.veryB.soC.ratherD.too11.A.strangeB.usualC.normalD.natural12.A.reallyB.onlyC.actuallyD.exactly13.A.suddenlyB.slowlyC.silentlyD.quickly14.A.referringB.referredC.pointingD.pointed15.A.justB.thenC.nowD.later16.A.asB.whenC.whileD.after17.A.rangB.pronouncedC.shoutedD.sounded18.A.atB.inC.toD.for19.A.leavingB.flyingC.takingD.getting20.A.wasB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen 【试题答案】I.1.finished2.built3.students4.fined5.years6.husband7.water8.stayed9.true10.careII.1.C2.D3.D4.D5.A6.D7.B8.C9.B10.C11.B12.B13.B14.B15.BIII.1.D2.C3.G4.E5.AIV.1.MotheroftentellsmenottoforgottolockthedoorwhenIleavetheroom.2.It";sveryinterestingforchildrentowatchallkindsofanimalsinthezoo.3.It";stoohottoday.Whatabouttomorrow?4.Hismotherwon";tlethimplayfootballifhedoesn";tfinishhishomeworkfirst.5.ChanganStreetisabouttenkilometreslongandsixtymetreswide.6.Heoftenhelpstheoldwomanwith/dothehouseworkonSundays.V.1.B2.D3.C4.D5.DVI.1.C2.B3.B4.A5.C6.D7.B8.C9.D10.D11.A12.B13.C14.C15.A16.B17.D18.D19.C20. D