高中2010届英语语法专题讲义 冠词 402页

高中2010届英语语法专题讲义冠词高中2010届英语语法专题讲义第一节冠词一、冠词知识点:冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（TheIndefiniteArtile）和定冠词（ThedefiniteArtile）两种。a(an)是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如apen,aan;an用在元音之前，如：anldbie,anhur,aninterestingstr等。the是定冠词。（一）、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a(an)的基本用法。如：SheisagirlIaateaherPleasepasseanapple2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：Hebrredastr-b 高中2010届英语语法专题讲义冠词高中2010届英语语法专题讲义第一节冠词一、冠词知识点:冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（TheIndefiniteArtile）和定冠词（ThedefiniteArtile）两种。a(an)是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如apen,aan;an用在元音之前，如：anldbie,anhur,aninterestingstr等。the是定冠词。（一）、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a(an)的基本用法。如：SheisagirlIaateaherPleasepasseanapple2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：Hebrredastr-b 高中2010届英语语法专题讲义冠词高中2010届英语语法专题讲义第一节冠词一、冠词知识点:冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（TheIndefiniteArtile）和定冠词（ThedefiniteArtile）两种。a(an)是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如apen,aan;an用在元音之前，如：anldbie,anhur,aninterestingstr等。the是定冠词。（一）、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a(an)的基本用法。如：SheisagirlIaateaherPleasepasseanapple2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：Hebrredastr-b 高中2010届英语语法专题讲义冠词高中2010届英语语法专题讲义第一节冠词一、冠词知识点:冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（TheIndefiniteArtile）和定冠词（ThedefiniteArtile）两种。a(an)是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如apen,aan;an用在元音之前，如：anldbie,anhur,aninterestingstr等。the是定冠词。（一）、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a(an)的基本用法。如：SheisagirlIaateaherPleasepasseanapple2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：Hebrredastr-b frthelibrarAangislingfru一位姓王的同志正在找你。3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有ne强烈。如：Ihaveauth,anseandtees4、用于某些固定词组中。如：abit,afe,alittle,altf,apieef,aupf,aglassf,apilef,assf,haveagdtie,frahile,fralngtie等。、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a+抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：Thislittlegirlisatherparents这女孩对她父母说是一个乐趣。Itisapleasurettalithu跟您交谈真是一愉快的事情。Itisanhnurtetattendtheeeting 参加这个会，对我说是一种荣誉。（二）、定冠词的用法：1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如：BeiingistheapitalfhinaThepennthedesisine2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如：hereistheteaher?pentheind,please3、指上提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如：ThereasahairbtheindnthehairsataunganithababinherarsThebabasthin4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：theearth,then,the sun、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如：HeisalasthefirsttetshlBbisthetallestinhislass6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如：theGreatall,theSuerPalae,theSieneuseu,thehildren’sPalae,thePart等。7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：ntheda,intherning(afternn,evening),thedaaftertrr,thedabefreesterda,thenextear,bthea等。8、用在江河湖海、脉前。如：theellRiver,thePaifiean,theAlps,theHialaas9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：thePeple’sDail,theEveningPaper,theTies泰晤士报。10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如：TheBrnsareathetreeivevisitrstda 布朗一家今天要接待客人。11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：thepr,theunded,theliving,thedead,therih,thesi等。12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如：Thedriveralassitsinthefrntfthebus(ar)（三）、零冠词（即不用冠词）：1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如：hina,Aeria,Gradene,lassT,il,il,ater,paper,siene等。2、名词前已有作定语用的this,that,,ur,se,an等代词。如：Gdnthisstreet3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：earestudentsIliereadingstries4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如：Teahers’Da,hildren’sDa,NatinalDa,insuer,in ul等。TdaisNeear’sDaItisSundaarh8isen’sDa、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如：hat’stheatter,Grann?eeletedhinitr6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如：atnn,atnight,atfirst,atlast,atst,atleast,bbus(train,air,sea),inbed,intie,infrntf,gtshl,gtbed,gtllege,nft,attable,inin,inpenil等。7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如：Shegestshlafterbreafasteverrningearegingtplaftballeusuallhavelunhatshl8、科目前不加。如：elearnhinese,aths,Englishandsether subets【专项训练】：1、ean’tliveithutairA．anB．×．theD．se2、——Haveuseenpen?Ileftitherethisrning——Isitblane?IthinIsaitsehereA．a;theB．the;the．the;aD．a;a3、I’vebeenaitingfrhifrhurandhalfA．×;×B．the;a．a;theD．an;a4、hatfineeatherehavetda!A．aB．×．seD．an、Haveueverseenastallasthisne?A．atreeB．suhtree．antree D．tree6、hildrenusuallgtshlatagefsixA．×;theB．a;an．the;×D．the;the7、HialaasishighestuntaininrldA．×;the;×B．The;the;the．A;a;aD．×;×;×8、Theeahhave__bLiHua’sisabutriterangLin’sisnsieneA．a;a;×B．the;×;the．×;the;×D．a;the;a9、PhsisissienefatterandenergA．The;×B．×;×．×;theD．A;a10、sunrisesineastandsetsinestA．A;an;aB．The;×;×．The;the;theD．A;the;a11、anpepleagreethat&sh;&sh;__nledgefEnglishisaustin internatinaltradetdaA．a;×B．the;an．the;theD．×;the12、__rnesalledhileuereut(neitherfusnsthisan)HeasinbadteperA．×;aB．A;×．The;theD．A;a13、TheereatdinnerthenItasdeliiusneA．a;theB．×;×．×;aD．a;a14、hatindfarduanttbu?A．×B．the．aD．an1、AlieisfndfplaingpianhileHenrisinterestedinlisteningtusiA．×;theB．×;×．the;×D．the;the16、Bendstars,theastrnautsanthingbut spaeA．the;×B．×;the．×;×D．the;the17．（09安徽）eanneverexpetbluersunlessereatelesspllutedrld2Aa;aBa;the21世纪教育网the;aDthe;the21世纪教育网18（09北京）Thebiggesthaleis___bluehale,hihgrstbeabut29eterslng—theheightf____9-strbuilding21世纪教育网Athe;theBa;aa;theDthe;a21世纪教育网19（09江西）Sepeplefearthat________airpllutinabringabuthangesin_______eatherarundtherld21世纪教育网A/;theBthe;/an;theDthe;a21世纪教育网20（09海南）Let’sgtinea-that’lltaeurindfftheprblefr hileAthe;theBthe;aa;theDa;a21（09陕西）hatpitthatuuldn’tbetheretreeiveprize!Aa;aBthe;aa;theDthe;the22（09四川）Inrdertfind_______betterb,hedeidedtstud_________sendfreignlanguage21世纪教育网Athe;aBa;athe;theDa;the21世纪教育网23（09浙江）Idn’tunderstandhattheengineereans,butI’vegt______rughideaf_____pretplanAthe;aB不填;thethe;不填Da;the24（09重庆）ashingahinesadebhinahavenrldideattentinandHaierhasbeeppularnaeAa;theB/;a 21世纪教育网/;theDthe;a21世纪教育网2（09全国2）hatIneedisbthatntainsABfilpaintingAa;不填Bthe;不填the;anDa;the21世纪教育网【总结提高】：请从本或报刊中抄写五个含有冠词典型用法的句子，并标明用法。第二节 名词知识要点：（一）、名词的种类：1、专有名词：1）hina,apan,Beiing,Lndn,T,a（不加冠词）2）theGreatall,theellRiver,thePeple’sRepublifhina,theUnitedStates等。（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。）2、普通名词1）不可数名词注意：不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。如：haveanderfultie‚不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。ƒ不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。如：fishes,nespapers,aters,sns……||||各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水 积雪„有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：ties时代，rs著作，diffiulties困难…在表数量时，常用“f”词组表示。如：aglassfil,aupftea,tpieesfpaper…2）可数名词：可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：AbirdThefrgisaindfhibernatinganialVegetablessldatthisshpareusuallfresh‚有复数形式：a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”（与初中同，略）b）不规则变化——hild(hildren),ft(feet),tth(teeth),an(en),an(en),use(ie),gse(geese),Englishan (Englishen),phenenn(phenena)…注意：）单、复数同形：sheep,deer,hinese,apanese,fish（同一种鱼）……。如，asheep,tsheepd）只用复数形式：thans,trusers,gds,lthes,ss,shes,…e）形复实单：phsis,plitis,aths,nes,plastis（塑料），eansf）形单实复：peple(人民，人们)，theplie,attle等g）集合名词如：fail,publi,grup,lass等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如：failisabignefailareusilversh）复合名词变复数时，(a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：sister(s)-in-la嫂子，弟妹；step-sn(s)继子；editr(s)-in-hief总编辑。(b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grn-up(s)成年人，g-beteen(s)中间人(）an,an作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：aanservant—enservants,aandtr—en dtrs（二）、名词的所有格：1、表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“’s”。如：ie’sbag,hildren’sDa,brther’sr,en’srights…注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“’”。如：Teahers’Da,therers’rest-he（工人疗养院），thestudents’reading-r2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“’s”。如：hersn-in-la’spht（她女婿的照片）；anbdelse’sb（其他任何人的书）3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”；如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“’s”。如：aneandHelen’sr珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）Bill’sandT’sradis比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如：thetailr’s(裁缝铺)thedtr’s(诊所)rBrn’s(布朗先生的家)）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“’ s”表所有格。如：halfanhur’sal(半小时的路程)hina’sagriulture(中国的农业)2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与f构成词组，表示所有格。如：theverftheb3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用f，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：thestrfDrNranBethuneDunthenaefthebstandingatthegate?4、“f词组+所有格”的用法：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a,t,se,afe,this,that,these,thse等）时，常用“f词组+所有格”的形式表示所有关系。如：afriendffather’s我父亲的一位朋友。seinventinsfEdisn’s爱迪生的一些发明thseexerise-bsfthestudents’ 学生们的那些练习本。【专项训练】：1、TherearenltelveinthehspitalA．andtrsB．endtrs．endtrD．andtr2、rSithhast,bthfhareteahersinashlA．brthers-in-laB．brther-in-las．brthers-in-lasD．brthers-inla3、——Handesahave?——FurA．stahesB．stah．stahs D．stahies4、SevisitedurshllastednesdaA．GeranB．Geren．GeransD．Gerens、ThefthebuildingareveredithltsfA．rfs;leavesB．rves;leafs．rf;leafD．rfs;leafs6、henthefarerreturnedhehefundthreeissingA．sheepsB．sheepes．sheepD．sheepies7、ThatasafiftengineA．hrseperB．hrsesper．hrsepersD．hrsespers8、fatherftengiveseA．anadvieB．uhadvie．altfadviesD．afe advie9、arbreahilesheasashingupA．teaupB．aupftea．tea’supD．uptea10、anugiveusseabuttheriter?A．infratinsB．infratin．pieefinfratinsD．pieesinfratin11、IhadaupfandtpieesfthisrningA．teas;breadB．teas;breads．tea;breadsD．tea;bread12、Asisnntusall,travelsuhfasterthanA．lights;sundsB．light;sund．sund;lightD．sunds; lights13、ShetldhifallherandA．hpe;fearB．hpes;fear．hpes;fearsD．hpe;fears14、TherisingdidaltfttherpsA．ater;harB．ater;hars．aters;harD．aters;hars1、——Hfaraaisitfrhereturshl?——It’sabutA．halfanhur’sdriveB．halfhursdrives．halfanhurdrivesD．halfanhurdrive16．（09安徽）hinahasgtagdfrfightingagainstthefluithitsarefulandsth rganizatinAreputatinBinflueneipressinDnledge17．（09福建）TherldHealthrganizatingaveaarningtthepubliithutanhenthevirusfH1N1hitexiinApril,2009AdelaBeffrtsheduleDnsideratin18．（09湖北）HiingbneselfanbefunandgdfrhealthItaalsbegdfr______buildingArespetBfriendshipreputatinDharater19（09湖北）Inurlass,henthebellrangandtheteaherlsedhisb,itasa______frevernetstandupAsignalBhanearDeasure20（09江西）The____________shesereveredithud,sIasedthettaetheffbefrethegtint__________ arAgirl’s;T’sBgirls’;Ts’girls’;T’sDgirl’s;Ts’u21（09海南）Enurageurhildrenttrnethings,buttrnttthethardAdraBstrierushDpush22（09东）-------Hesasthatnearisa____________fne-------Dn’tuthinthserdsareustsurgrapes?AlaBladquestinDaste23（09陕西）Frtheir________nthetpftheTVTer,visitrsanhaveabettervieftheitAstageBpsitinnditinDsituatin24（09天津）I’tringtbreathe_______fgettinguptlate AtraditinBnvenienehabitDLeisure2（09浙江）Thesstehasbeendesignedtgivestudentsquiandeas______tthedigitalresuresfthelibrarAaessBpassageaDapprah【自我总结提高】：第三节 主谓一致知识要点：在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）Thebisnthetable2）Trhardisneessar（Itisneessartrhard）3）Hugetthereisaprble2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：hildrenlietplats3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：1）Thereisadgnearthedr2）Thereerenshlsinthisareabefreliberatin3）nthealleretfaus paintings4）HereisrBrnandhishildren4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有ith,tgetherith,exept,but,perhaps,lie,inluding,asellas,nlessthan,rethan,ratherthan等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：1）ane,arandIaregdfriends2）Heandfatherrinthesaefatr3）Hissister,nlessthanu,isrng4）Thefather,ratherthanthebrthers,isrespnsiblefrtheaident）He,lieuandXiaLiuisverdiligent6）Everpitureexeptthesethasbeensld7）Alieithherparentsftengesttheparn Sundas8）Alieasellasherfriendsasinvitedtthenert、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：1）Theriterandrerisingturshltrr这位工人作家明天要我们学校。2）Breadandbutteristheirdailfd面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。3）Theriterandthererareingturshltrr那位作家和那位工人明天将我们学校。6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有eah,ever,n,ana修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）Everbandgirlhasbeeninvitedtthepart所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2）Nteaherandnstudentisabsenttda今天没有老师和学生缺席。3）anastudentisbusiththeir lessns许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功。7、eah,either,ne,anther,thether,neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Eahtaesaupftea2）Eitherisrret3）Neitherftheliesthispiture8、由ever,se,an,n构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Isevernehere?2）Nthingistbedne没有什么要干的事儿了。9、关系代词h,that,hih等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：1）Thsehanttgpleasesigntheirnaeshere2）Annehisagainstthispininaspea ut3）Heisnefthestudentsherepraisedattheeeting10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：1）Threeearsisntalngtie2）Tendllarsishatheneeds3）Fivehundredilesisalngdistane11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：1）TheUnitedStatesisinNrthAeria2）TheUnitedNatinshaspassedareslutin(决议)。3）“TheArabianNights”（《天方夜谭》）isaninterestingb12、有些集体名词如fail,tea,grup,lass, audiene（听众，观众），gvernent等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：1）failisgingthavealngurne我家要进行一次长途旅行。2）failarefndfusi我家人都喜欢音乐。3）Thelasshasnthehnur这班获得了荣誉。4）Thelassereupingfr全班同学都高兴得跳了起。13、all,re,st,se,an,nne,half,therest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：1）Allftheappleisrtten整个苹果都烂了。2）Allftheapplesarertten所有的苹果都烂了。3）stfthedasusedtaefurniture(家具)。14、the+形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：1）Theungareusuallverative 年轻人通常是很活跃的。2）Theundedarebeingtaengdarefheren现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。1、r,either…r…,neither…nr…,hether…r,ntnl…but(als)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：1）EitherurIagingtthevies2）Ntnlubutalsheisrng16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）aterisaindfatter2）Thenesatsix’listrue17、集合名词如：peple,plie,attle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：1）Thepliearesearhingfr hi2）Theattlearegrassing(吃草)。18、ppulatin当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：1）Theppulatinfhinaislargerthanthatfapan2）nethirdftheppulatinherearerers19、thenuberf+名词复数，是表示“…的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a(large/great)nuberf+名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。1）Thenuberfthestudentsinurshlisinreasingearafterear2）Anuberfstudentshavegnefranuting20、eans,plitis,phsis,plastis等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。【专项训练】1、Nthingbutarsinthe shpA．issldB．aresld．eresldD．aregingtsell2、NneexeptaandTtheanserA．nB．ns．isningD．arenn3、SeventperentfthestudentsinurshlfrtheuntrsideA．isB．are．esD．areing4、ftheneusedupA．Three-five,areB．Three-fifths,havebeen．Three-fifths,hasbeenD．Third-fifths,is、ThenuberfthepepleharsinreasingA．ns,areB．ns,is．n,isD．n,are6、nefarx’srsritteninEnglishinthe 1860sA．asB．ere．uldbeD．are7、ThesheetsfrurbedashingA．needsB．areneeding．antD．areanting8、neahsidefthestreetaltftreesA．standsB．gr．isstandingD．aregrn9、SepersnallingfruatthegateA．areB．is．isbeingD．illbe10、AllthatanbeeateneatenupA．arebeingB．hasbeen．hadbeenD．havebeen11、T’steaherandfriendrSithA．areB．is．arebeing D．has12、urnelthesfitu,butineeA．desn’tfitB．dn’tfit．desn’tfitfrD．dn’tfitfr13、NeitherhenrIfrtheplanA．aB．are．isD．ere14、anastudentthatistaebefreA．hasadeB．haveade．hasbeenadeD．hadade1、Peter,perhapshn,plaingiththelittledgA．isB．are．ereD．sees16、Laingeggstheantqueen’sfull-tiebA．isB．are．hasD．have17、Beteenthetbuildingsa nuentA．standB．stands．standingD．isstanding18、I,hurgdfriend,illshareursandsrrA．aB．is．areD．as19、TheUnitedNatinsin194A．erefundB．erefunded．asfundedD．asfund20、erealsinvitedtthepartA．rSithB．TheSith．TheSithsD．Siths21、Theglassrsin199A．eresetupB．assetup．ereputupD．erebuilt22、ThreehursithurgirlfriendtbeashrttieA．seeB．sees．isseeingD．has seeed23、ItasreprtedthatsixinludingabA．asilledB．ereilled．asillingD．hadilled24、TheplieaprisnerA．issearhingfrB．aresearhingfr．issearhingD．aresearhedfr2、DeerfasterthandgsA．runB．runs．arerunningD．illrun26、TheundedgdarefherenA．istaenB．arebeingtaen．aretaingD．istaing27、ThehlelassgreatlvedathisrdsA．asB．ere．hadD．is28、ver80perentftheppulatinfhina peasantsA．asB．is．areD．illbe29、ThereanifeandfrnthetableA．seestbeB．seetbe．isseeingtbeD．are30、ThsehsingingainusA．areliingB．lies．enD．isfndf31、HisfailusilversA．allareB．areall．isD．arebeing32、AprfessrandariterpresentattheeetingA．asB．is．ereD．hadbeen33、ThepairfshesrnutA．asB．ere．havebeenD．had been34、ThestudentsinurshleahanEnglishditinarA．haveB．has．hadD．arehaving3、rethanneansertthequestinA．havebeengivenB．hasbeengiven．eregivenD．hadgiven36、ThebsittingbtheindisthenlnefthestudentshfrtheuntrsideinurshlA．areB．is．ereD．as37、urfailahappneA．isB．are．asD．ere38、stftheistaesbeausefarelessnessA．ereadeB．areade．hasbeenadeD．ere aing39、stfhistieinreadingnvelsA．arespentB．isspent．erespentD．asspending40、TherestfthenvelverinterestingA．ereB．are．isD．see41、InthatallgettingnellithherA．asB．is．areD．ere42、henandherethistplaestillunnnA．areB．ere．isD．has43、NtnltherersbutalstheahinentthereA．areB．ere．isD．has44、Verfehisaddressinthe tnA．nsB．n．areningD．hasnn4、TenthusanddllarsalargesufneA．areB．is．ereD．see46、TentilesalngatverA．ereB．are．isD．seetbe47、NineplusthreetelveA．aesB．ae．isaingD．areaing48、TherearetradsandeithertthestatinA．leadsB．lead．areleadingD．isleading49、father,tgetherithsefhisldfriends,therealreadA．havebeenB．hasbeen．hadbeenD．ill be0、failasellasIgladtseeuA．aB．are．isD．as第四节介词【要点点拨】复习时要把握三点：A要注意理解情景意义：同一介词可表达多种意义，同一场合意义不同则介词不同。Hehasn’tefranth(fr持续时间)ThedaisarfrApril（fr就……而言）B要突破几个关键介词in,n,at,ith,b,fr,f,t,fr 1表示时间的：at;in;n,sine,fr,t,after,ithin,during,thrughut,tards,ver,b,till;2表示穿越的:thrugh,arss,ver3．表示地理位置的：in;n;t;4．表示原因、目的的：fr;ith;fr;表示关于的:abut,nerning,regarding,ithregardt,asfr,ast;6表示根据：n;ardingt;7intherner;ntherner,attherner的区别8．beteen和ang9．besides;exept;but;exeptfr10．in和ith 要注意介词搭配，集中归纳，反复练习。1固定与t构成搭配的名词：e,anser,visit,aplg,intrdutin,nte,et2与n有关的：er,ngratulatins3与at有关的：angr,gd,bad,lever,terrified,surprised;4与f有关的：afraid,sure,full,tired,fnd,prud,rth,ertain;与ith有关的：angr,strit,areful,bus,pplar;6与t有关的：next,gd,plite,ind,ruel,rude,nn,anxius,arried,lse,near,siilar,due;7与fr有关的：srr,gd,free,fit,unfit,eager,anxius,hungr;8与fr有关的：far,different,free,safe,absent,tired 【各个击破】1---hatduant_______thseldbxes?---TputthingsinhenIvettheneflatAbBfrfDith2Luil,thebulletnarrlissedtheaptain________aninhAbBattDfr3Thetrainleavesat6:00p,sIhavetbeatthestatin_______:30pAuntilBafterbDarund4Thelittlebasquitealneintherld________anauntintheUnitedStatesAexeptfrBexeptbesidesDexeptthat________hisgreatsurprise,hisshpasrbbed________puters AT;fBFr;fFr;ithDT;ith6efferedhiurngratulatins_________hispassingthedrivingtestAatBfrfDn7Einstein’sspeialtherfrelativitisquite_______eAfrBbendtDagainst8Huhdidupa________thetiets________tnight’sNeearnert?Afr;frBfr;tfr;fDt;fr9Hehasbeenaught________therainandiset________sinAb;tBin;tin;thrughDith;in10---Hlnghaveubeenliethis?---_______lastFrida AFrBSineInDAfter11Besidesbeingabletalnfrthreedasithutdrining,aelsanalslivefralngtie________sallquantitiesffdAithBnbDithut12I’srrit’s________pertaeafinaldeisinnthepretAverBabveffDbend13---Didulsetheath?---es,elsttheath_______negalAbBatithDnl14Thestuduhavebeenaing________thelivingthingsintheeanisaninstrutivebAtBfrfDfr 1Ifeltitratherdiffiultttaeastand________thepininfthearitAtBbinDagainst16---urdaughteristallenugh________herage---esIasuh________henIasherageAfr;tallerBat;tallerat;shrterDfr;shrter17---henillthegaebegin?---Itillbeginlaterthanusual_______teninutesAinBnbDat18---Isurgrandastillithu?---NShestillpreferstliveintheuntrside_________allitsdisadvantagesAfrBexeptithDt 19Let’seepintuhuanreahe________thisnuberAatBnfrDin20---issLi,aisill,shean’tetshl---Thene’llbeginurlass_________hiAexeptfrBapartfrexeptDithut21---It’ssnisupstairsPeter,bettergandseehatthehavebeenup________---AtBinithDfr22---hat’surfavritesprt?---ggingIrun_________therivereverrning AarundBnalngDin23_________running,learningEnglishneedsillAAsithBAstAsfrDAsif24________leftbefrethedeadline,itdesn’tseelielthatheillfinishthebAThughsuhashrttieBBeausesuhashrttieithsuhashrttieDAssuhashrttie2Hereindede_______thetie_______theeetingAat;atBf;fin;inDat;in26Thesunillrise________abutaquarterfanhurAnBinafterDat27LiuXiang’sparentsereveredandburst______tears_______the nesftheirsn’svitrinthelpiGaesAint;atBut;frfrth;nDt;after28Hellenusedtbeashgirl,butshehasgrn_______itnAithutBveraaDutf29ThisistheAudiar__________sheaehereAbhihBbthatinhihDithhih30huseis________astne’sthrfrshl,sIftengtshl_______ftAithin;nBt;bn;nDf;ith31eentnapini________theheavrainAalthughBinspitefbeausefDfr32---anIbrrsenefru ?---u’realreadindebt_________efrsixtdllarsAtBfrfrDb33Hisbest-nnrthatis________allpraiseanbeseenintheuseuAithutBbendithDithin34Helieshisffeeithsugar;Ilieine________AntBfnnneDithut3ithutathrughgrasp________bilg,astudentannthpetstudediineAinBfrfDith36edeidedtlibtheuntain,but_______sendthughtrealizedthatitastdangerusAafterBninDat37_________suessIdn’teanhatisusuallthughtfhenthatrdisused AInBBithDFr38rSithaplgized_________thehildren________thelad________hatthehaddneAfr;t;tBfr;t;frt;t;frDt;fr;fr39elive_______asallriverthatfls________theThaesAin;intBn;intat;ntDin;nt40________urisit,IentttheusterservieunterandasedhABendBBesidesApartfrDutf41rhnsngestrverearlintherningandgesnringuntillateintheafternn_________abreaatiddaAithBfrasDthrugh 42Theannedspaeraft“ShenhuV”,________hinagreetsthe21stentur,arsneprgressintheentur’sspaeprgraAfrhihBfrhihinhihDithhih43Heighthavebeenilled________thearrivalftheplieAexeptfrBapartfrbutfrDinspitef44Isn’t_________rude______hittalthistherliethat?Athat;frBthat;fit;frDit;f4Therisbasednpratieand______turnservespratieAnBinbD at第五节代词【要点点拨】1、在定语从句中，当先行词是代词he/she/thse/anne等时，从句的引导词指人时用h,指物时用that。egThsehntheanserangniththetherexerisesHehdesntreahtheGreatallisntatrueanAnthingthatbenefitsthepepleillbeaepted2、all(bth,ever,eah)……nt=ntall(bth,ever,eah)构成部分否定，他们的全部否定分别是：nne,neither,nne(nthing)egNtallthestudentsuldunderstandhisexplanatinEahhildanntgtshlintheuntain village3、含有else的所有格有以下几种表示法：sebdelse’s,anbdelse’s,nbdelse’s;helse’s=hseelse4、不定代词作主语，代词可用：it（指物）、he（指人）、the（指人、物）egEvernenshtdit,desn’the/dn’tthe?4、all作主语时的数：代替可数名词，是复数；代替不可数名词，是单数；作“所…的一切”解释时，不可数，动词用单数。、反身代词：bneself:亲自、独自、自动地；fneself:自动地；beneself:身体好helpneself(t…):自助、自己拿……；initself:本质上、就其本身而言。egTheanistldtlivebhiself/ThedrlsedfitselfI’ntquiteselftda/Thequestininitselfisntverdiffiult6用人称代词简略回答时，要用人称代词的宾格。 eg----hisningatthedr?----e,T7Therest、Thereainder作主语时，谓语动词取决于它们所替代的名词。egIhavereadhalffthebTherestistbefinishedinaeeSeveralpepleeresaved,butthereaindererestillinsidetheburninghuse区别以下几组词：1、nne,nthing,nne(nbd)nne：（指三个以上之中）没有任何（人、物），常用否定回答以Han/Huh…?引起的疑问句。可以后接介词短语f…；作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可以用复数。eg----Hansheepdiduseenthehill?----Nne----Pleasegiveesein----Srr,thereisnne(nin) leftNnefthestudentsuldanserthequestin,hihadetheteaherdisappintednthing：（视为单数）没什么，无事egAfterthefire,nthingasleftnthehillsNthingdidhesaandheenthesilentlnne=nbd：没有一个人，只能指人，是单数，常用否定回答h…?的疑问句，后面不可接f介词短语。eg----hbretheind?----NneItbrefitself2、it/the，ne/nes，thene/thenes，that/thseit/the：用指前面所提及的名词本身，起替代作用，避免重复；egHebughtapenItsthi0uan/HehastbrthersThearebthrersne/nes：用指前面所提及的可数名词中的一个或几个，是泛指; 还可以泛指人。eg----Duhaveaaera?----N,butfatherhasneAhairadefirnisusuallheavierthanneadefdneanntbetarefulhenrssingtheradthene/thenes：用特指前面所提及的可数名词中的一个或几个。eg----I’lingfrapen----Hdulietheneinthebx?----harethebs?----ueanthenesplaingbasetball?that/thse：“that”用替代前面出现过的可数名词单数=thene或不可数名词，以避免重复；“thse”用替代前面出现过的可数名词复数=thenes，以避免重复。egThepriefapenisftenhigherthanthatfapenilTheeatherinBeiingislderthanthatinShanghaiThestudentsinlassTarerehard-ringthanthse(thenes)inlass ne3、se/an,everbd/anbd习惯上，se和everbd用于肯定句，an和anbd用于疑问、否定句。但当se用于疑问句时，表示对所涉及的名词持肯定态度，everbd用于疑问句时，译为“大家、每个人”。egIseverbdpleasediththesh?试比较：Duhaveanater?(对ater持怀疑态度)----Duliesereater?----N,thans(对ater持肯定态度)an和anbd也可以用于肯定句。当它们用于肯定句时，有很强的强调口气。eg----henshalleeetagain?----AntieulieAnbdherenshttreatastranger4、h/hever,hat/hatever,hih/hihever,h/heverh/hat/hih/h是疑问词，引起的句子具有疑问色彩；hever/hatever/hihever/hever 是代词，并不引起疑问句，而用引导名词性从句或让步状语从句。eghillteahusEnglishisstillunnnheverdiditillbepunished/heverdidit,heillbepunishedhatuldudifuhadthatsufne?/hateverud,ditell、ther/thers;thether/thethers;antherther：作代词时，一般不单独使用，而必须与an,se,n等连用。egHeisntherbutT/Theseareallehave,ehaventher(s)thers：常与se连用，表示：一些……其它的……。egSepepleliefishing,seliebating,therssatingthether:与ne连用，构成词组：ne…thether：指两者中“一个……另一个……”thethers: 指在一定范围中的“其余的”。egInurlasssestudentsaregdataths,searegdathinese,thethersaregdatphsisanther:是形容词，“另一个、在一个”，一般作定语，既可以修饰单数名词，又可以修饰复数名词，还可以修饰数词。egestaedinNerfrantherthreeees/Pleasehaveantherapple当anther修饰单数名词时，在上下意思明确的情况下，可以把名词省略，这时anther起代词作用。egAftereatinganapple,Ihadanther(ne)6、all;bth;eah;ever; eitherall：指三者或三者以上的所有，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接f介词短语。bth：指“两者都”，可以作形容词修饰名词复数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接f介词短语。eah：“每一个”，一般指两者中的每一个，也可指许多中的每一个；可以作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词，可作主语、宾语或同位语；后可接f介词短语。egTherearetreesneahside/bthsidesftheriverEahfushasahanetgtuniversiteeahhaveaditinarever：指三者或三者以上中的每一个，是形容词，只能作定语，后面不能接f介词短语。either：指“两者中一个”或“两者中无论哪一个”，可以作形容词修饰名词单数，作代词作主语、宾语；后可接f介词短语。egIfueepstill,uansitneitherendfthebatIdn’tlieeitherftheDuhaveanther bluse?【各个击破】1----Duanttearffee?----_____Irealldn’tindABthBNneEitherDNeither2Ireadabutitinsebrther,desitatter______itas?AhereBhathDhih3----u’realasringen,let’sgshpping----_______ueveranttdisgingshppingAAnthingBSethingAllDThat4Thebssdeidedtdisisstrers:________AuandTBIanduarandIDsheand uIdn’tarefr______fthehatsuldusheathirdne?AallBnneeitherDbth6Indntaept______thatisfferedte,InlhsethseusefulAanthingBanhateverDeverthing7Ashlisanexitingplae,____inhihnetalentsarebeingdisveredeverdaAandBthatthereDne8----Huhvinegardiduputinthesalad?----I’srrtsa,_______IfrgtAnBnthingnneDnne9----Isthisubrellaurs?----N,ineishereItustbe________ Asene’sBsene’selseseneelse’sDsene’selse’s10urfeelingsere___________AthesaeastheBsaeastheirssaeastheDthesaeastheirs11uanreahthetn______radutaeAhateverBhathiheverDhih12______hishtgsiingasignuphereAAnpersnBThseAnneDThese13Nthattheneahineshavebeenbught,_____illudiththeld_____?Ah;nesBh;nehat;neDhat;nes14Thethievesranaaseparatel,_____arringabagAallBeaheverD either1----Didanbdasfreduringabsene?----es,______alledBlaasedtseeuAheBitneDthat16．（09北京）Theineindustrintheareahasdevelpedinaspeiala,____littlefreignnershipAbBfithDfr17（09北京）Beingaparentisntalaseas,andbeingtheparentfahildithspeialneedsftenarriesith___extrastressAitBtheneDhi18（09东）IfeltsbadalldaesterdathatIdeidedthisrningIuldn’tfae________daliethatAtherBantherthetherD thers19（09陕西）aneasasedaltfquestins,butshedidn’tanserftheAtherBannneDse20（09上海）－!u’vegtsanlthes－But_____ftheareinfashinnAallBbthneitherDnne21（09四川）Iliethishuseithabeautifulgardeninfrnt,butIdn’thaveenughnetbu__________AneBitthisDthat22（09浙江）－I’vereadantherbthisee－ell,abe_____isnthuhureadbuthatureadthatuntsAthisBthatthereDit23（09全国2卷）harlesasalneathe,ithlingafter hiAseneBannentneDnne24（09全国2）TheDsarensale!BuneandugetpletelfreeAtherBthersneDnes2（09重庆）verthepast20ears,theInternethelpedhangeurrldinarantherfrthebetterAanBneeverDeither26（09江苏）Nineintenparentssaidthereeresignifiantdifferenesintheirapprahteduatingtheirhildrenparedith__ftheirparentsAthseBnebthDthat第六节形容词和副词【要点点拨】一: 形容词1．作定语1)多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、人称代词、数词等）＋描绘性形容词（beautiful,interesting…）＋大小、长短、高低＋形状＋年龄、新旧＋颜色＋国籍、地区、出处＋材料性质＋用途、类别＋名词中心词。aharingbigrundneblaFrenhdenritingdesthean’sfirsttinterestinglittleredFrenhilpaintings2)定语后置A）形容词短语作定语alanguagediffiulttaster,aleaningterabut180feethighB）表语形容词（afraid、alie、alne、asleep、aae、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如ahildasleep,thegreatestanalive） 修饰由不定代词ne、n、an、se和ever构成的复合词如anthing、sething等时egIsthereanthinginterestingintda’snespaper?D）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。hatelsedun?E）enugh、nearb修饰名词前置或后置，但修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。2作表语1)系表结构。与系动词be，gr，get，bee，feel，appear，prve，see，l，eepsell，taste，sund，turn，reain,g,e,sta,stand,run,prve等连用2)表语形容词。常见的有以a-起首的afraid、alie、alne、asleep、aae、alive以及ell,ill(生病)，fnd,srr,unable,rth,glad,sure等注意：以a-起首的词除了作后置定语外还作补语。egeepthefishalive修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quitealne,veruhalne,ideaae,fast/sundasleep,veruhafraid3 作状语形容词或形容词短语表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。例如：Heenttbed,ldandhungrAfraidftrubles，heuldntaeptthedut4复合形容词1）形容词+名词+edind-hearted好心的，fair-haired金发的2)形容词+形容词red-ht炽热的，dar-blue深蓝的3）形容词+现在分词gd-ling好看的，eas-ging随和的4）副词+现在分词hard-ring勤劳的，fast-ving快速转动的）副词+过去分词hard-n得不易的，nel-ade新建的6）名词+形容词life-lng终生的，rld-faus世界闻名的7）名词+现在分词peae-lving爱好和平的，fun-lving爱开玩笑的8）名词+过去分词 sn-vered白雪覆盖的，hand-ade手工的9）数词+名词+edfur-streed4层楼的，three-legged3条腿的10）数词+名词（名词用单数）ten-ear10年的,t-an两人的二：副词1．频度副词如ften,alas,usuall,seties,seld,never,rarel,frequentl,asinall等在be动词、助动词、情态动词后，行为动词前。egeusuallgshppingneaee/Heisalasreadthelpthers2多个副词同时出现的顺序方式副词＋地点副词＋时间副词/小的时间/地点＋大的时间/地点三：比较形容词和副词1形容词＋l,有时会构成意义完全不同的副词 hard(困难的)—hardl（几乎不）　　dead(死的)—deadl(致命的)late(晚的)—latel(最近)　　　　fair(公平的)—fairl(相当)２．注意：有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以l结尾，但它们的含义是不同的．例如：l)lse接近地lsel仔细地，密切地2)free免费地freel自由地，无拘束地3)hard努力地hardl几乎不4)late晚，迟latel近)st极，非常stl主要地6)ide广阔地，充分地idel广泛地7)high高highl高度地，非常地8)deep深，迟deepl抽象意义的“深”9)lud大声地ludl大声地(含有喧闹的意思)10)near邻近nearl几乎３以-l结尾的形容词：livel、lnel、lvel、deadl、friendl、ugl、sill、liel、brtherl、anl、tiel等。eg（×）Hespeteverfriendl（∨）Hespeteinaverfriendl a四：比较级和最高级1构成：大部分双音节词、加后缀构成的词（如sll,useful）、于分词的形容词（如tired）、所有的多音节词，加re构成比较级，加thest构成最高级，副词的最高级可省去the请注意：作表语的形容词最高级前，如果不是和别人、他物相比，常不加theegearebusiestnnda2．修饰比较级、最高级的程度词1)even/still/ratheruh/far/alt/agreatdeal＋比较级alittle/abiteareringstillhardern现在我们工作更加努力。2)数词+ 名词＋比较级egHeistinhestallerthanhisfather他比他爸爸高两英寸。(或说Heistallerthanhisfatherbtinhes)Sheuldnttaeastepfurther她一步也不能走了。3)比较级＋bfar在前面，应在二者中间加“the”．如:HeistallerbfarthanhisbrtherHeisbfarthetallerfthetbrthers4)thesend/third＋最高级bfar3无比较级和最高级的形容词有些形容词本身含义无程度差别,因此没有比较级和最高级．常见的有：right,rng,perfet,pssible,ipssible,istaen,dead,favurite等。这些词不能被程度副词修饰，但可以被quite(完全地)，pletel等修饰。egquiteright/ipssible，　pletel dead4和冠词连用　　the＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物　　the＋　形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个，egtheungerftheta/an＋形容词比较级egThepenisexpensiveIantaheaperne(a)＋st＋形容词最高级　“非常…”　egastbeautifulit相关结构1)原级比较：肯定句as…as…,否定句nts/as…as…2)比较句：比较级＋than…或re(less)…than…Thefurnitureinthisshpislessbeautifulthanthatinthatshp(注意代词that的用法)3)比较级＋and＋比较级或reandre＋比较级“越越… ”riherandriher,reandreinteresting4)There…,there…“越…，越…”Thereulatthepiture,thebetteruilllieit)比较级＋thananther＋n（单）（适用于范围一致时）(all)ther＋n（复）an＋n(单)（适用于范围不一致时）Heistallerthanantherstudent/alltherstudentsinhislassanstudentinlass6)倍数表达法。Aisthree(fur,et)tiesthesize(height,lengthet)fBAisthree(fur,et)tiesasbig(high,lng,et)as BAisthree(fur,et)tiesbigger(higher,lnger,et)thanB用ties表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用tie或dubleThenebuildingisfurtiesthesize(theheight)ftheldne这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。AsiaisfurtiesaslargeasEurpe亚洲比欧洲大三倍。urshlisthreetiesbiggerthanurs你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。7)re…than…结构，其意往往是…ratherthan…，可译为“是……而不是……”或颠倒词序译作“与其说是……，不如说是……”。Thatlittlegirlisretiredthanhungr那个小姑娘是累了而不是饿了。Sheisreatherthanaife或Sheisrefatherthanaife她是贤妻，更是良母。8)AistBhatistD A和B的关系就像和D的关系Airistanhatateristfish空气对于人类就像水和鱼的关系。9)nrethan=nl“只不过”，言其少ntrethan=atst“不多于”，“至少”，指事实。nre…than…和…一样不…如单音节使用比较级形式ntre…than…不比…更…　　nlessthan=asuhas“多达”　nfeerthan=asanasegIhavenrethanfiveuaninpet我口袋里的钱只不过元。Ihaventrethanfiveuaninpet我口袋里的钱不多于元。HeisnriherthanI他和我一样穷。Heisnlessdeterinedthanu他的决心不亚于你。(nlessdeterinedthan等于“其决心不亚于你”，言其大) Heisntlessdeterinedthanu他的决心不比你小。(ntlessdeterinedthan等于“其决心不小于”，无言其大或小的含义)10)最高级＋f/in/ang…Heisthetallestfthethree/angthe/inhislass五．相关词语辨析1ver和uhA）ver修饰形容词、副词的原级；,uh修饰比较级；　修饰动词用uh或veruh,egIverlieEnglish(×),应改为：IlieEnglishveruhB)表示状态的过去分词前用ver。averfrightenedb,avertiredhild一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用uh、veruh/greatl等修饰。如：eeregreatl/uhshedbthenesabutT)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用ver。如：verinteresting/rring/exiting D）t前用uh/far,不用ver。uareuh/far/alttnie另外，在tan/uh,tfe/little前用far。e’vegtfartaneggsandfartfeeggups　E)还有修饰词既不用ver,也不用uhegbeellrthding,beellabvethetree2s和suhA)s…that…与suh…that…的区别。s+形容词/副词+that…s+形容词+a（n）+单数可数名词+that…s+an/uh/little/fe+名词+that…suh+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+that…suh+形容词+不可数名词+that…suh+形容词+复数名词+that …注意：但当little表示“小”时用suh。如：Thesearesuhlittlebsthatthean’tdresstheselves下列s的用法是错误的：sadiffiultprble,sdiffiultprbles,shteather。B)se/an/ever/n/eah/all/anther/several/fe/an/ne/t+suh+negnsuhrd3betuh+nbeuht+adbetuhfrsb对…太过分了4an’tbet+ad=an’tbe+ad+enugh“无论…都不为过”uanneverbearefulenugh=uanneverbetareful你越小心越好。【各个击破】1hntldethat&sh;&sh;&sh;&sh;_____nthingiprtanthaveever happenedAhardlBrarelnearlDalst2---hdn’tulietheshirt?---ItsneisntbigfreatallHaveugtashirtfthisindith_____ne?AthebiggestBafarbiggerbfarthebiggestDarebigger3---Theteperaturetdais10℃belzer---h,it’s____ldAthestBtherestDuhre4---Duthinhinaughtenugh?---I’afraidhe’s___thannaughtAreleverBleveruhleverDuhre leverExeriseis_____asanthertlseunantedeightAsusefulaaBasausefulaasusefulaaDsuhausefula6---hat’srng?useerestless---Iasreduedtpaing____priefritAdubletheBdublefthedubleDdublef7_____,thebsereshutingandsingingAHappandexitedBHappilandexitedlTbehappandexitedDTbehappilandexitedl8I’gladtsathathe’salreadfinished_____0%fthebinthesethreedasAnlessthanBnrethanntrethanDuhlessthan9I’llgettherebsix,if______ AntsnerBnsnerntrequilDnqui10TheUSisabutthesaesizeashina,butitsppulatinisfiveties____AaslittleBsallerasfeDfeer11----Isthis____b?----es,it’s___hatI’afterAthever;ustBtheust;exatlaver;ustDtheright;nl12HehasgivenupdriningHedrins______AneveragainBntanrenreDneagain13Hehurriedaa,_____teethisldfriendAlingfrardBhpedanxiuslDeager14EverthingasverexpensiveIdidn’tbu____fruit,butI’vegtse _____applesAan;bigredBan;redbiguh;bigredDse;redbig1---Areugingttheftballgae?---N,thetietsare____expensivefreAveruhBsuhfartDhighl16e’llhavetaita____teestntheexainatinresultAtherBfurtherantherDre17Thelittletnhasngrnintadernbigit,andis___hatitusedtbeAtiethesizethanBttiesthesizeastiethesizeasDtiethesizef18Thelivingarriedaathedeadandthehealthhelped____AtheillBtheundedthebraveDthe rih19HeliesgingfishingHeusuallusesa______AbablngfishingpleBlngbabfishingpleplelngbabandfishingDbabfishinglngple20Heasthe_____atthatentAnlaaepersnBnlpersnaaeaaenlpersnDpersnnlaae21Ithinhissuggestinis____bad,andthatfursis_____gdAfairlt;ratherBrathert;fairlfairl;rathertDrather;fairlt22uldube___ttellehetieburath?AsindBindenughenughindDverind23Theinnersare_____hildrenbrughtupintheuntr AalstBstlstDnearl24Thetehnialllegeeduatinisplainganiprtantparttdaanditsrleillbe____iprtantAnlessBnrennethelessDntre2Afeeesspentintravelinganbeust______lassesinshlAapartfne’seduatinusefulasBasausefulpartfne’seduatinaspartfne’seduatinasusefulDapartfne’seduatinasusefulas26______,thethiefdidn’ttaeanthingvaluablebutntebAStrangeitisBTbestrangeStrangelenughDItasstrange27Hisattitudetardseprved________AellBarlfriendlDniel28Sheis______thanherungersister AlessriherBntrerihlessrihDntrih29---hatduthinftheplan?---Ifeel___thateughttgiveitupatneAstrngBstrngerstrnglDitstrng30---Diduenthevielastnight?---es,Ididn’texpetit______nderfulAreBasstDuh31（09安徽）--Duthinit’sagdideataefriendsithurstudents?--,IdIthinit’sagreatideaAReallBbviuslAtuallD Generall32（09福建）ItseesthatlivinggreeniseasandaffrdableAsallstepaesabigdiffereneAexatlBfrtunatelsurprisinglDhardl33（09湖北）3Asthereislessandlessalandil,sientistsareexplringneasfaingusef______energ,suhassunlight,indandaterfrperandfuelApriarBalternativeinstantDunique34（09湖北）4Thequestinnairetaes______tentfifteeninutestpleteandanbeusedalngiththeassessentintervieAainlBpuntuallapprxiatelDpreisel3（09湖南）．IanbeateaherI’ntaverpatientpersnAseldBeverneverDalas36（09江西）6Franputtheedireinthetpdraertaesureituldnt be_______ttheidsAaessibleBrelativeaeptableDsensitive37（09海南）7Huhsheledithutherglasses!AellBgdbestDbetter38（09四川）8unle’shuseinthedntnareaisuhsallerthanurs,butitistie_______expensiveAasBstDver39（09天津）9Itasaniehuse,but_______tsallfrafailfliveArarelBfairlratherDprett40（09天津）10I’ntsurprisedthathebeaeariterEvenasahildhehada_____ iaginatinAlearBautiusfunnDvivid41（09浙江）11．Theinesfsilledrersentup______,unsilledrerssatheirearningsfallAreverBTherefreeanhileDtherise42（09浙江）13．Inthegdarefthenurses,thebis______reveringfrhisheartperatinAquietlBatuallpratiallDgraduall43（09全国2）14Thehildrenlvedtheirdatrip,andtheenedthehrserideAstBrelessDlittle44（09全国2）1I’surethaturletterillgetattentinThenu’reaitingfrthereplAntinuedBiediatearefulD general4（09全国2）16It’shightieuhadurhairut;it’sgettingAtuhlngBuhtlnglngtuhDtlnguh46（09江苏）paredithhissister,errisevenret,andreeasiltrubledb,etinalandrelatinshipprblesAseptialBadditedavailableDsensitive英语语法第1---6节巩固练习题名词08高考题1（安徽卷）24Tsavesefthehuanlanguagesbefrethearefrgtten,thestudentsinurshlstartedadisussin“Saveur________”ASBLifeArtsD Vies2（福建卷）32hat’sthe_____fhavingapublipenspaehereuan’teat,drinrevensiplhangutfrahile?AsenseBatteraseDpinin3（江苏卷）2—Ian’trepairtheseuntiltrr,I’afraid—That’s,there’s______AnprbleBnnderndubtDnhurr4（江苏卷）28—hdusuggestebuaneahine?—Beausetheldnehasbeendaaged______AbendreahBbendrepairbendntrlDbenddesriptin（东卷）34Ibughtadressfrnl10dllarsinasale;itasareal______AexhangeBbargaintradeD business6（江西卷）27---Shallegutfraal?---SrrThisisnttheright____tinviteeIattiredtalAentsituatinplaeDhane7（浙江卷）1Dgshaveavergd______fsellandareftenusedtsearhfrsurvivrsinanearthquaeAsenseBvieeansDidea8（湖北卷）22Thetpleadersfthetuntriesarehldingtalsinafriendl______AatsphereBstatesituatinDphenenn9（天津卷）11stairpllutinisausedbtheburningf____lieal,gasandilAfuelsBartilesgdsD prduts07高考题1rning______inludesggingintheparandreadingnespapersverbreafast[上海卷]AdrillBatinregulatinDrutine2Ian’tsahihineisbeat—it’sa(n)__________fpersnaltaste[东卷]A．affairB．event．atterD．variet3Thepratiefhanginglthesarssthestreetisan______inanpartsftheit[安徽卷]AlBsignsightDappearane4—uarealasfullfanutelletheseret?[福建卷]—TaingplentfexeriseeverdaAperBstrengthfreD energDespitesuhabigdiffereneintardshatneeats,thereisndubtthatpepleintheestregardthehinesefdassethingspeial[湖北卷]ApintBideaattitudeDsight6AIDSntrlandpreventinisathinaasellasthehlerld．[上海]A．surpriseB．hallenge．reatinD．threat7Heandhisifearefthesae;thebthanttheirsntgtllege[陕西卷]AsulBspiritheartDind8nethusanddllarsanthisntafrtunebutuldhelpverliving___[天津卷]AbillsBexpensespriesDharges9fthesevendasintheaee,Saturdaissaidtbethestppular____fraeddinginseuntries[浙江卷]AaBsituatineventDhie 10Healthprblesarelselnnetedithbadeatinghabitsanda__fexerise[辽宁卷]AliitBlaneedDdeand11Itisreprtedthatthefldshaveleftabut______pepleheless[浙江卷]AtthusandBt-thusandstthusandsDtthusandsf主谓一致08高考题01、(08上海春卷’43)Evertnfthisreledpaperuses90litresfaterinits________AstrutureBanufaturenstrutinDrganizatin 02、(08天津卷11)stairpllutinisausedbtheburningf____lieal,gasandilAfuelsBartilesgdsDprduts03、(08东卷)Ibughtadressfrnl10dllarsinasale;itasareal______AexhangeBbargaintradeDbusiness04、(08江西卷’27)---Shallegutfraal?---SrrThisisnttheright___tinviteeIattiredtalAentBsituatinplaeDhane0、(08安徽卷’24)Tsavesefthehuanlanguagesbefrethearefrgtten,thestudentsinurshlstartedadisussin“Saveur_____”ASBLifeArtsDVies06、(08浙江卷’1)Dgshaveavergd____fsellandareftenusedtsearhfrsurvivrsinan earthquaeAsenseBvieeansDidea07、(08湖北卷’21)Theunganadea______thisparentsthatheuldtrtearnhisnlivingaftergraduatinApreditinBpriseplanDntributin08、(08湖北卷’22)Thetpleadersfthetuntriesarehldingtalsinafriendl______AatsphereBstatesituatinDphenenn09、(08福建卷’32)hat’sthe_____fhavingapublipenspaehereuan’teat,drinrevensiplhangutfrahile?AsenseBatteraseDpinin10、(08陕西卷’1)–Didugttheshlastnight?–eahEverbandgirlintheareainvitedAereBhavebeenhasbeenD as代词08高考题1（全国I卷）30—hihfthetputergaesdiduprefer?—AtuallIdidn’tlie______AbthftheBeitherfthenneftheDneitherfthe2（全国I卷）33TheEnglishspenintheUnitedStatesisnlslightldifferentfr______speninEnglandAhihBhatthatDthene3（安徽卷）21Thetgirlsaregettingnverellandshare_______itheahtherAlittleBuhseD nne4（福建卷）21–Hdufindurnelassates?–stftheareind,but____issgdteasBrueAnneBnneeverneDsene（湖南卷）21urneighbrsgave_____ababbirdesterdathathurt______henitfellfritsnestAus,itBus,itselfurselves,itselfDurselves,it6（东卷）27aesureu’vegtthepassprtsandtietsand______befreuleaveAsethingBanthingeverthingDnthing7（江西卷）23Isn’titaazinghthehuanbdheals____afteraninur?AhiselfBhiitselfDit8（辽宁卷）26—uldutellehtgettVitria Street?—VitriaStreet?______isheretheGrandTheatreisASuhBThereThatDThis9（陕西卷）12Hedesn’thave_________furnitureinhisr--ustanlddesAanBanseDuh10(四川卷)11Theanagerbelievespriesillntrisebrethan_____furperentAantherBthetherantherDther11（浙江卷）9–I’dliesereheese–Srr,there’s______leftAseBnnealittleDfe12（北京卷）2ItashardfrhitlearnEnglishinafail,inhih_____ftheparentsspethe languageAnneBneitherbthDeah13（天津卷）TnreabuttheBritishuseu,uanusetheInternettgtthelibrar,r_______AneitherBseallDbth14（重庆卷）24—uldeseeeahtherat3’lthisafternn?---Srr,let’saeit__tieAther’sBthetherantherDther1(上海卷)26--Duanttearffee?--______,Irealldn’tindAnneBneithereitherDall07高考题1___feltfunnathingselfnTV[全国卷II]AneBThisItD That2Thearhasfferedareardf$000t______hanapturethetigeraliverdead[上海卷]AbthBthersanneDanther3_____________rriesetheaheeepshanginghisind[东卷]A．ThisB．That．hatD．It4Hehasadealtffils,but____gdnes[2007北京卷]AanBsefeDanThebisfgreatvalueanbeenedunlessudigestit[福建卷]ANthingBSethingEverthingDAnthing6Tsavelasstie,urteaherhas________studentsdhalfftheexeriseinlassandpletethetherhalffrher[湖南卷]AusBeurDurs 7—hatduthinftheperfranetda?—Great!Butausialgeniusuldperfrssuessfull[江西卷]AAllBNneAnbdDEverbd8—Thereisstillapfthebinthelibrarillugandbrr?—N,I’dratherbuinthebstre[陕西卷]Ait;neBne;nene;itDit;it9Treattaglassfinethelpurelaxattheendftheda上海春]A．neB．neself．uD．urself10Littleanequal___fasurprisingendinghenureadstries[四川]AthatBthseanDse11Hedidn’tae___learhenandheretheeetinguldbe held[天津卷]AthisBthatitDthese12TheinfratinntheInternetgetsarunduhrerapidlthan____inthenespaper[辽宁卷]AitBthseneDthat13—HegthisfirstbpublishedItturneduttbeabestseller—henas_____?—_____asin2000henheasstillinllege[浙江卷]Athat;ThisBthis;Itit;ThisDthat;It14isldstfhisthingsHehashardl_______leftinthehuse[重庆卷]AanthingBeverthingnthingD sething06高考题1--23Sheenttthebstreandbught_________(北京)AdzenbsBdzensbsdzenfbsDdzensfbs2--24---hihdriverastblae?---h,_________!Itasthehild’sfault,learandsipleHesuddenlaeutbeteentparedars(北京)AbthBeaheitherDneither3--6Iusedtearn___thanapundaeehenIfirststartedr(全国2)AalittleBafefeerDless4--21---halledethisrninghenIasntin?----Aanalling______Rbert (福建)AhisBhiselfhisD不填--26AsthebusiestaninNrtn,sheade________herduttlafterallthetherpeple’saffairsinthattn(湖南)AthisBthatneDit6--22stfausrelativefall,_______hrealllefthisarnAeria,asRbSussel,great-grandfather（江苏）AneBtheneheDsene7--24I’dappreiate____ifuuldlietteahehtusetheputer(东)AthatBitthisDu8--31fallthebsnthedes,isfanusefrurstud（(四川)）AnthingBnneneitherDnne9--14Ifuan’tdeidehihfthetbstbrr,hdn’tutae______?In’treadthethisee （浙江）AallBaneitherDbth10grandastilltreatselieahildShean’tiaginegrnup（重庆）　　ABine　　selfDe11--27Bthsideshaveausedfbreaingthentrat___（上海春）AantherBthetherneitherDeah12--24I’dappreiate____ifuuldlietteahehtusetheputer（东）AthatBitthisDu13--23Ihearbsinurshllieplaingftballintheirsparetie,thughtherspreferbasetball（辽宁）AquitealtBquiteafequiteabitDquitealittle14--1ehadapinilastteranditasaltffun,slet’shavenethisnth（天津）AthetherBseantherDther 冠词08高考题01、(08全国卷II)It’snt___gdideatdrivefrfurhursithut___breaAa;aBthe;athe;theDa;the02、(08重庆卷)Inanplaesinhina,bileisstillpplareansftransprtatinAa;theB/;athe;aDthe;the03、(08辽宁卷)neighbrasedetgfr______al,butIdn’tthinI’vegt______energAa;不填Bthe;the不填；theDa;the04、(08东卷’21)Studentsshuldbeenuragedtuse______Internetas______ resureA不填；aB不填;thethe;theDthe;a0、(08江苏卷’21)eentrightrundttheestastb____seainsteadfdrivingarss____ntinentAthe;theB不填；thethe;不填D不填；不填06、(08江西卷’30)---Iassrrthaveelatefrtheeeting---Itisnturfaultith__rush-hurtraffiand__heavrain,itisnnderuerelateAa;aBthe;the/;/D/;a07、(08浙江卷’02)____applefellfrthetreeandhithin______headAAn;theBThe;theAn;不填DThe;不填08、(08湖南卷’22)Haveuheard______nes？Thepieef_______petrlisgingup again!Athe,theB不填，thethe,不填D不填，不填09、(08陕西卷’10)IatesandihhileIasaitingfr20:08trainAthe,aBthe,thea,theDa,a10、(08四川卷’08)IntheUnitedStates,thereisalas____flfpepletareasf___untrhererebsanbefundAa;theBthe;athe;theDa;a07高考题1—uldutelletheat____hnsns,please?—Srr,edn’thave____hnsnhereinthevillage[全国卷II]Athe;theBthe;a/;theDthe;/2______alisexpetedtlastallda,sbringpaedlunh[东卷]A．A;aB．The;不填．The;aD．A;不填3—Habuthristaseveningpart? [福建卷]—IshuldsaitassuessAa;aBThe;aa;不填Dthe;不填4Iledunder_____bedandfund______bIlstlastee[2007北京卷]Athe;aBthe:the不填；theDthe:;不填Plarbearslivestln_____seaie,hihtheuseas______platfrfrhuntingseals[湖南卷]Aa;aBa;the不填;aDthe;不填6ehaveeverreasntbelievethat_____2008BeiinglpiGaesillbe_____suess[江苏卷]A/…aBthe…/the…aDa…a7anpeplehaveetrealizethattheshuldgn___balaneddietandae____rintheirdafrexerise [江西卷]Aa;/Bthe;athe;theD/;a8InfilastAaTHansplasannaedhuNland[陕西卷]Aa;theBthe;athe;theDa;a9Habuttaing______shrtbrea?Ianttae_______all．[四川卷]A．the；aB．a；the．the；theD．a；a10Iantedtath________earltrain,butuldn’tget________ridetthestatin[天津卷]Aan,theB/,thean,/Dthe,a11Ilie_____lrfursirtItis_____gdathfrurbluse[浙江卷]Aa;theBa;athe;aDthe;the12Grgeuldn’treeberhenhefirstetrAndersn,butheassureitas_____Sundabeauseeverbdasat_______hurh [重庆卷]A/;theBthe;/a;/D/;a13hristasis_____speialhlidahen_______hlefailaresuppsedtgettgether[辽宁卷]Athe,theBa,athe,aDa,the06高考题1--26---InedverffeeupItentrightver______ebard---ushuldn’tputdrinsnear________puter(北京)Athe;不填Bthe;aa;不填Da;a2--30---Hell,uldIspeatrSith?---Srr,rngnuberThereisn’t______rSithhere(全国1)A不填BatheDne 3--1Ardingt_______rldHealthrganizatin,healthareplansareneededinallbigitiestprevent_________spreadfAIDS(全国2)Athe;不填Bthe;thea;aD不填;the4--8urstrisperfet;I’veneverheard_______befre(全国3)Athebetterne　Bthebestne　abetterne　Dagdne--19Inudn’tlie_______usiveruhButhatduthinf_______usiinthefilesaesterda?(全国3)A/;/Bthe;thethe;/D/;the6--22In_____revieff44studies,Aerianresearhersfundthatenandenhatesixefdsdailuttherisf____heartdiseaseb76%(湖南)Aa;theBthe;aa;不填D不填;a7--21Frhi____stageisust___eansfaingaliving (东)Aa;aBthe;athe;theDa;the8--3Dn’trrifuan’tet______part---I’llsave_____aefru（浙江）Athe;seBa;uhthe;anDa;little9--2Everhereanhasutdnfrestsinrdertgrrps，rtusedasfuelrasbuildingaterial（重庆）Athe;theBthe;//；theD/；/10--2reandreungpeplearefnd___plaingtennisnadas（上海）AnBtinDf11--21Frhi____stageisust___eansfaingaliving（东）Aa;aBthe;athe;theDa;the12--21fallreasnsfrdeisintbeeauniversitprfessr,father’sadvieasstiprtant ne（辽宁）Athe;aB不填；a不填;theDthe;the形容词和副词08高考题1（全国I）28u’redrivingtfastanudrive______?AresllabitBsllabitreabitresllDsllreabit2（全国I）32Theeatheras______ldthatIdidn’tlietleaverAreallBsuhtDs3（安徽）27-----Hi,arHastheusialevening?-----Exellent!AlesandAndperfred_________andthenthefirs prizeAsillfullBnlillinglDnervusl4（福建）26Inspitefrepeatedrngsdnethi,hels_____tpeplegreetinghiAfriendlBlivelrriedDld（湖南）2Lastnightrrdidn’tebaattheusualtie______,heetsefriendsandstaedutuntilidnighteanhileBHeverInsteadDet6（江苏）30Itis______tspendnenpreventingillnessesbprtinghealthlivingratherthanspendingittringtaepeple______aftertheareillAgd;gdBell;betterbetter;betterDbetter;gd7（东）33ulditbe___frutpieupatfur’landtaeetthe airprt?AfreeBvaanthandDnvenient8（江西）29Ifapersnhasnthadenughsleep,hisatinsillgivehi___duringthedaAaaBupinDba9（江西）33aislateagainItis___fhiteepthersaitingAnralBrdinarnDtpial10（辽宁）30Itlslietheeatherishangingfr______Shallestiturplan?AtherseBrsetherstDrst11（辽宁）31Pleasereain______;theinnerftheprizeillbeannunedsnAseatingBseatedtseatDtbeseated12(全国II)19Thehusestillneededaltfr,but___theithenas finishedAinsteadBaltgetheratneDatleast13（陕西）16Tenearsagtheppulatinfurvillageas_________thatftheirsAastielargeasBtieaslargeastieasuhasDastieuhas14四川)3Althughbadlhurtintheaident,thedriveras___abletaeaphneallAstillBevenalsDever1(四川)1Aughisusuallnthingtrrabutunlessitlastsfrtendas___ArreBinsteadatstDnl16（浙江）3Iliethisaetbetterthanthatne,butitstsalstthree ties______AasuhBasansuhDsan17（浙江）12Thereareplentfbs______intheesternpartftheuntrApresentBavailablepreiusDnvenient18（浙江）18Runningapanisnt______aatterfhiringpeple—thealsneedtbetrainedAsiplBpartlseriuslDequall19（北京）26Afterthelngurne,thethreeftheentbahe,______AhungrandtiredlBhungrandtiredhungrilandtiredlDhungrilandtired20（湖北）28Inthsedas,ur______nernastprvidepepleherestppedbthesnstrithfdandhealthareAnralBnstantperanentD priar21（湖北）29Ashersinaretearea,hevisitshisparentsnl______AasinallBanxiuslpratiallDurgentl22（天津）2brtherisreall____HeftenrsinhisffiefarintthenightApen-indedBhard-ringself-nfidentDar-hearted23(上海)27Invie,Lndn’sntasexpensiveinprieasTbutTis___intraffiAthestrganizedBrerganizedsrganizedasDasrganizedas07高考题1Aftertears’researh,enhavea____betterunderstandingfthedisease[2007全国卷II]AverBfarfairlDquite2Speaingfallthesngshehasritten,Ithinthisisprbablhis____ne [2007全国卷II]Abetter-nn　Bell-nn　best-nn　Dst-nn3Alanisaarefuldriver,buthedrives______ffriends[2007上海卷]ArearefullBthestarefulllessarefullDtheleastarefull4hnasdisissedlasteebeausefhis______attitudetardshisb[2007上海卷]AinfralBasualdeterinedDearnestSineT______dnladedavirusinthisputer,heanntpenthefilen[2007上海卷]AreadilBhrriblaidentallDirregularl6Itisntsiall____________frparentstleavehildrenunattendedatthatage[2007东卷] A．aessibleB．adrable．adaptableD．aeptable7Theshl’susigrupillbegivingabigshtrrnightandtntheeeend[2007安徽卷]AreBtherelseDanther8Thenegrupfstudentsisbetter-behavedthanthethergruphstaedhere___[2007北京卷]AearlBearlierearliestDtheearliest9—Duneedanhelp,Lu?—es,ThebisIulddself[2007福建卷]AlessthanBrethannrethanDntrethan10Shedevtedherselftherresearhanditearnedheragdreputatininherfield[2007 湖北卷]AstrnglBextreelentirelDfreel11Hebeganttaeplitialsienenlhenheleftshl[2007湖北卷]AstritlBtrularefullDseriusl12Thisagazineisverithungpeple,hlieitsntentandstle[2007湖北卷]AfailiarBppularsiilarDpartiular13ateranabsrbandgiveffaltfheatithutbighangesinteperature,thusreatinga_______envirnent[2007湖北卷]ApeaefulBsensitivenDstable14It’shardfrhiplaingagainsteI’vegtnthingtplafr,butfrhi,heneedstins________[2007湖南卷]AfarBelllittleDbadl1Thereisanldprverb,“Lvee,lvedg”Butthereis______isdinthis: “Lvee,lveb”[2007湖南卷]AseBuhreDst16ithApril18’srailaspeedup,highaandairtransprtillhavetpeteith______serviefrpassengers[2007江苏卷]AgdBbetterbestDthebest17TheelntheSithsservedatdinneruldhavetasted_____ifithadbeenputinthefridgefralittlehile[2007江西卷]AgdBbetterbestDell18Thughhestartedlate,rGuplaedthepianasellas,ife[陕西卷]AntbetterthanBntbetternbetterthanDbetter19Nadastherlesfhusbandandifearentasdefinedasbefre,espeiallhenbthpartnersrandearnnefrthefail[上海春]A．learB．learer．learlD．re learl20Althughtheuntrhashadplitialindependenefrveraentur,itneedsthesupprtfitsneighbrs[2007上海春]A．naturallB．eniall．espeiallD．luil21Thestudsurveed00failiesandfundtheain___prblepeplesufferedastiredness,flledblnelinessandanxiet[2007上海春]A．destiB．publi．pshlgialD．bilgial22fthetats,I’dhsethe__netsparesenefrab[四川]AheapestBheaperreexpensiveDstexpensive23Ane________busservietTianinAirprtstartedtperatetnthsag[2007天津卷]AnralBusualregularDn24rgetsdne______henpepledittgether,andthereardsarehighert[2007 浙江卷]AeasilBvereasreeasilDeasier2Thefinalsrefthebasetballathas93-94eerenl________beaten[2007天津卷]AnearlBslightlnarrlDlightl06年高考题1--21Thisashingahineisenvirnentallfriendlbeauseituses_____aterandeletriitthan_____dels(北京)Aless;lderBless;elderfeer;lderDfeer;elder2--14---Didutaeenughneithu?–N,Ineeded_______IthughtIuld(全国3)Antsuhas　Basuhas　uhrethan　Duhlessthan 3--26Greenprdutsarebeingreandreppularbeausetheareenvirnentall_______(福建)AfriendlBvariusnDhangeable4--23Ithughtsheasfaus,butnneffriendshaveheardfher(广东)AevenBeverustDnever4--30I’ertainDavid’stlduhisbusinesstrubles______,it’snseretthatheesaltfnettheban(湖北)AHeverBAnaTherefreDThugh--29AlthughshedidntnBstnell,sheadehera________ttheHeireleBuilding(湖南)Aeasenugh　Benugheas　easilenugh　Denugheasil6--2---Areugingthaveahlidathisear?---I’dlvetIan’taittleavethisplae_______ （江苏）AffButbehindDver7--26Theitteeisdisussingtheprblerightnitill_______havebeenslvedbtheendfnextee（江苏）AeagerlBhpefulliediatelDgraduall8--33Iishu’dd________talingandsererThusthingsillbeebetter（江苏）AabitlessBanlessuhreDalittlere9—30Attentin,ffeelvers!ehavefru，thebestffeeahine______invented．(江西)AeverB．alreadevenD．nadas10--3．Idn’tthinthisfilisbfarthestbringIhaveseen______(江西)AbetterB．rse．thebestD．therst 11--27---Diduenurselfatthepart?（(四川)）---esI’veneverbeent_____nebefreAareexitedBthestexitedareexitingDthestexiting1--29_________beepingdnstsillPerDatahlditsadvantagevertherpanies（浙江）AnlBustStillDet13--10Letterbxesareuhre_______intheUthanintheUS,herestpeplehaveaailbxinstead（浙江）AnBnralrdinarDusual14--12Prgresssfarhasbeenvergd_______,earesurethatthepretillbepletedntie（浙江）AHeverBtheriseTherefreDBesides1--31Seexpertsthinthatlanguagelearningisuh___frhildrenastheirtnguesarereflexible （上海春）Aeas　　　Beasier　　　easil　　　Dreeasil16--42Sallarsare___ffuel,sthehavereappealfrnsuers（上海春）AfreeBshrttpialDenial17--44Theperfrerasavinghisstiinthestreetandit___issedthehildstandingnearb（上海春）AnarrlBnearlhardlDlsel18--13Fitnessisiprtantinsprt,butfatleastiprtanearesills（天津）AfairBreasnableequalDprper第七讲 动词时态、语态【要点点拨】一、时态（一）现在进行时用法注意点：1状态性动词不用进行时态，包括（1）be和have,或者含有be和have意义的动词，如：belngt,ntain,dependn,等；（2）feel,sund,sell,taste等连系动词；（3）hear,see,find等表示结果的动词；（4）表示心理或情感状态的动词，如：believe,lve,ant,understand,ish等；2进行时态和副词alas,frever等连用时，往往带有一定的感情色彩，如赞扬、批评、不满、抱怨等；egHeisalasritiizingus（二） 一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：1过去进行时表示动作的未完成性、持续性，着眼于动作的过程；一般过去时表示动作的完成，即动作发生过，且已结束，着眼于结果；如：SheasritingareprtlastnightandIdn’tnifshehasfinishedit(昨晚一直在写)Sherteareprtlastnight（表示昨晚写了，并且写好了）2过去进行时与alas,frever等词连用表示一定的感情色彩；Heasalasthringthingsabut(表示不满或讨厌)（三） 将时的几种表达：ABDbeging t表示“计划、打算、安排将要做的事”时，主语只能是人说话人说话之前已考虑过的主语是物时，表示说话人根据某种迹象主观推测可能发生的事不能用于含有条句的主句中ill表示将要发生某事或主语的“意愿”说话人说话时刻才考虑到的表示客观规律必然发生的可用于含有条句的主句或从句中表示“意愿”be t表示安排、计划要做的事与第二人称连用，表示转述第三者的话表示命令，相当于shuld/ust表示“能”“该”“想要”“注定、不可避免”beabutt表示动作马上发生；句中不能再加atne,iediatel和表示具体时间的词语；常有“beabut t…hen”结构；还可用一般现在时、现在进行时表示将发生的动作；（四）将进行时与将完成时：1将进行时表示将某一时刻发生的动作，结构为：ill/shallbeding2将完成时表示到将某时刻某动作已发生，结构为：ill/shallhavedne,时间状语为：b+表将时间的词语；如：I’llbelibingtheuntainthistiethedaaftertrrBthetiehegraduatesfrthellege,heillhavelearnedthreefreignlanguages（五）现在完成时及过去完成时的用法注意点：1瞬间性动词与延续性动词的正确使用：与hlng,fr,sine等表示一段时间的状语连用时须用延续性动词，如：die-bedead,arr-bearried,begin-ben,begintn-n等；2注意havebeent与havegne t的区别；4b+过去时间状语用过去完成时；有些动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望，这类动词为：thin,plan,ean,intend,hpe,expet,suppse等；Ihadintendedtvisituesterda,buttherainpreventede（六）现在/过去完成进行时的用法：强调动作延续到说话时且还在进行；结构：have(has)/hadbeending比较：Thehaverepairedtherad(表示路已修好)Thehavebeenrepairingtherad（表示路还在修）有时两者可替换：ShehastaughtinthisiddleshlfrtenearsShehasbeenteahinginthisshlfrtenears注意：完成进行时不可与瞬间性动词连用，如：finish,g,arr等；（七）某些固定句型中时态是固定的：1This/That/Itisthefirsttie +从句（用现在完成时）2It’s/hasbeen+一段时间+sine从句（用过去时）3Itillbe+一段时间+befre从句（用一般现在时）/Itas+一段时间+befre从句（用过去时）4It’stie+从句（用过去时或shuldd）uldrather+从句（用一般过去时/过去完成时）It’sgettinglateI’dratherutataxithereThefilasbringI’dratherIhadn’tgnetseeit二、语态语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：anpeplespeaEnglish　谓语：spea的动作是由主语an peple执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：Englishisspenbanpeple主语English是动词spea的承受者。　　主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：Hepenedthedr他开了门。(主动句)Thedraspened门被开了。(被动句)被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出的。现以teah为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：a／is／are＋taught一般过去时：as／ere＋taught一般将时：ill／shallbe＋taught现在进行时：a／is／arebeing＋taught过去进行时：have／hasbeen＋taught现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋taught特殊用法：1动词sell,rite,read,pen,l,shut,ear,ash,eep,,ut,burn,run等与ell,sthl,easil等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”“特点”，用主动代替被动；egThesebssellell2表示状态特征的连系动词如sell,taste,feel,sund,l,prve等用主动语态表示被动意义；egTheladlsbeautiful3不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：eup,runut（用完）,giveut（耗尽）,gut（熄灭）,eut（出版）,etlight,belngt,brea ut,lseheart,dieut,n,have,pssess,happen,taeplae,ur等；4当ant,require,need作“需要”解，后接ding/tbedne作宾语，此时动词d与主语为动宾关系；egThisradineedsrepairingberth后接ding作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义；egThestrisellrthreading6不定式tblae（该受责备）表示被动意义；egTheairnditinersandarsaretblaefrthevereightprble7在“主语+谓语+宾语（名词）+动词不定式td（作定语修饰前面的名词，且为动宾关系；主语与td为主谓关系时，此动词不定式用主动形式；如：Ihaveaeetingt attend【各个击破】09高考题1parents_____inHngngTheerebrnthereandhaveneverlivedanhereelseAliveBlivederelivingDilllive（2009天津）2—hdn’tehsethatradtsavetie?(2009四川)—Thebridgetit　　　　　Ahasrepaired　　Bisrepairedisbeingrepaired　Dillberepaired3Theteahertgetheriththestudents___________disussingReadingSillsthat_________nelpublishedinAeria(2009四川)Aare;ereBis;ereare;asDis;as4—uspeavergdFrenh!—ThansI____________FrenhinSihuanUniversitfrfurears( 2009四川)AstudiedBstudasstudingDhadstudied．henhethedr,hefundhiseserenhere（2009湖南）suAuldpenBpenedhadpenedDastpen6．uldupleaseeepsilent?TheeatherreprtandIanttlisten（2009湖南）AisbradastBisbeingbradasthasbeenbradastDhadbeenbradast7—Thefdhereisnieenugh（2009湖南）—friend______earightplaeAintrduesBintrduedhadintrduedDasintrduing8．Dr．Sith,tgetherithhisifeanddaughters,____visitBeiingthissuer（09陕西） A．isgngtB．aregingt．asgingtD．eregingt9．Thisisthefirsttiee______afilintheineatgetherasafail（2009陕西）A．seeB．hadseen．saD．haveseen10Prgress__sfarvergdandesurethattherillbefinishedntie（2009全国）AasBhadbeenhasbeenDillbe11Hissisterlefthein1998,andsine（2009全国I）AhadntbeenheardfBhasntbeenheardfhadntheardfDhasntheardf12Edard,uplasellButIuplaedthepian（2009全国I）Adidn’tnBhadn’tnndn’tnDhaven’t nn13Exusee,aria,areprterfrVanitFair________alldaulduspeathern?（2009辽宁）AphnesBhasphnedhasbeenphningDphned14parentshaveprisedtetseeebefreIfrAfria（2009辽宁）AhaveleftBleaveleftDillleave1Theppulatinfiangsu__trethantiehatitasin1949Thefigureisnapprahing74illin（2009江苏）AhasgrnBhavegrngreDaregring16--Annisinhspital（2009江苏）--h,reall?I__nI__gandvisitherAdidn’t;agingtBdn’t;ulddn’t;illDdidn’t;ill17---Hi,Terr,anIuseurputerfrahilethisafternn? ---Srr（2009江苏）AIt’srepairedBIthasbeenrepairedIt’sbeingrepairedDIthadbeenrepaired18-----hdestheLaesellterrible?su（2009（（2009福建）----BeauselargequantitiesfatersuAhavepllutedBisbeingpllutedhasbeenpllutedDhavebeenplluted19Ardingttheliterarrevie,Shaespearehisharitieslivethrughtheirlanguageinhisplassu（2009福建）AillaeBhadadeasaingDaes20Atpresent,neftheapartentsinfavrftheneairprt________thatitillgingaltbstthearea（2009江西）AisBareillbeD ere21Sientistshaveantheriesabuththeuniverseintbeing（2009北京）AaeBasinghadeDulde22Theatheguests____inthehtelinfluenedtheirevaluatinftheservie（2009北京）AtreatedBeretreateduldtreatDuldbetreated23henItaledithgrandanthephne,shesundedea,butbthetiee____up,herviehadbeenfullflife（2009北京）AerehangingBhadhunghungDuldhang24hnasgiventhesaesuitasehisfatherandgrandfather____iththetshl（2009北京）AtBhadtaeneretaingDuld tae2Thenuberffreignstudentsattendinghineseuniversities________risingsteadilsine1990AisBarehasbeenDhavebeen26Iasutftnatthetie,sIdn’tnexatlhit_______（2009东）AashappeningBhappenedhappensDhashappened27．－hatduthinfthevie?（2009浙江）－It’sfantastiThenlpitisthatI__________thebeginningfitAissedBhadissedissDuldiss28Shestaredatthepainting,nderinghereshe______it（2009重庆）AsaBhasseenseesDhadseen29—I’vegttgn （2009重庆）—ustu?I______uuldstafrdinnerithusAthinBthughthavethughtDathining30Prfessrilliaseepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture______ttheell-eduated（2009重庆）AbelngsBisbelngedisbelngingDillbebelnged31Daniel’sfailtheirhlidainHuangshanthistienextee（2009安徽）AareeningBaretenillenDillbeening08高考题01、(08全国卷I’27)—HaveunnDrasnfralngtie?—es,sineshe____thehineseSietAhasinedBinshadinedD ined02、(08全国卷I’29)Theeteatherillntinuetrrhenaldfrnt____tarriveAisexpeted　　Bisexpeting　　expets　　Dillbeexpeted03、(08全国卷II)Iftheeatherhadbeenbetter,euldhavehadapiniButit__alldaArainedBrainshasrainedDisraining04、(08全国卷II’14)Iftheiraretingplanssueed,the____theirsalesb20perentAillinrease　　　　Bhavebeeninreasing　　haveinreased　　Duldbeinreasing0、(08北京卷)hnprisedhisdtrhe_____ntse,andhehassedeversineAightBshulduldD uld06、(08北京卷’22)—HaveureadballedaitingfrAna?—h_______it?AritesBhasrittenrteDhadritten07、(08北京卷’27)Thehtelasn’tpartiularlgdButI____inanrsehtelsAasstaing　　Bstaed　　uldsta　　Dhadstaed08、(08北京卷’29)NdeisinabutanfutureappintentuntilalltheandidateshavebeenintervieedAillbeade　　Bisade　　isbeingadeDhasbeenade09、(08上海春卷’29)Ppulatinexpertspreditthatstpeple______initiesinthenearfutureAliveBuldliveillliveDhavelived10、(08上海春卷’31)ffiialssathatfepatients___________iththe virusingttheeffetivepreventinAinfeted　　Bareinfeted　　haveinfetedDbeinfeted11、(08上海卷’28)---DunifTerrillgapingthiseeend?--Terr?Never!She___tentsandfreshair!AhashatedBhatedillhateDhates12、(08上海卷’32)Inreentearsanftballlubs______asbusinesstaeaprfitAhaverun　　BhavebeenrunhadbeenrunDillrun13、(08天津卷’14)He_____ftballregularlfranearshenheasungAasplaing　　BplaedhasplaedDhadplaed14、(08重庆卷’23)udisgingtarrthesailrsheinRelastearAeets　　BethasetDuld eet1、(08重庆卷’31)HeasanatinalherfrinningthefirstgldedalfrhisuntrinthelpisAregarded　　Basregarded　　hasregarded　　Dhadbeenregarded16、(08重庆卷’3)TeenagerstheirhealthbeausetheplaputergaestuhAhavedaaged　　Baredaaging　　daaged　　Dilldaage17、(08辽宁卷’23)efirstetnatrainin2000ebthfeltiediatelthate____eahtherfrearsAneBhavennhadnnDn18、(08辽宁卷’29)—Haveugtanbffers?—NI______Aaited　　Bhadbeenaiting　　haveaitedDaaiting19、(08东卷’2)Bthetieherealizeshe______intatrap,it’llbet latefrhitdanthingabutitAals　　BaledhasaledDhadaled20、(08江苏卷’33)—I’sureAndreillinthefirstprizeinthefinal—IthinsHe____fritfrnthsAispreparingBaspreparing　　hadbeenpreparingDhasbeenpreparing21、(08江西卷’32)–Duthineshuldaeptthatffer?--es,eshuld,fre___suhbadluuptilln,andtie__utAhavehad;isrunningBhad;isrunninghave;hasbeenrunDhavehad;hasbeenrun22、(08安徽卷’22)-----Diduaththebasetballathesterda?-----es,Ididun,brther_____inthe athAisplaing　　BasplainghasplaedDhadplaed23、(08安徽卷’33)IlietheseEnglishsngsandthe_____antiesntheradiAtaught　　BhavetaughtaretaughtDhavebeentaught24、(08浙江卷’0)Idn’tbelieveu’vealreadfinishedreadingtheb—I______ittuthisrning!AuldlendBaslendinghadlentDlent2、(08浙江卷’07)–hat’sthatnise?–h,IfrgtttelluTheneahine______Aastested　　Billbetested　　isbeingtestedDhasbeentested26、(08湖南卷’32)IalledHnnahantiesesterdaevening,butIuldn’tgetthrughHerbrther_____nthephneallthetie!AastalingBhasbeentalinghastaledD taled27、(08湖南卷’3)—Duhaveanprblesifu______thisb?—ell,I’thiningabutthesalar…AfferBillfferarefferedDillbeffered28、(08陕西卷’06)TheentIgthe,IfundIaetntheplagrundAhadleftBlefthaveleftDasleaving29、(08陕西卷’17)Thughedn’tnhatdisussed,eteanfeelthetpiAhadhanged　　Billhange　　ashanged　　Dhasbeenhanged30、(08四川卷’07)Thetelephne_______,butbthetieIgtindrs,itstppedAhadrungBasringingringsDhas rung07高考题1Theflersereslvelthatthe__________inntie[2007全国卷I]Asld　　BhadbeenslderesldDuldsell2InalittlebitabutItalasifeandI________thereseveralearsag[2007全国卷I]Aareging　　BhadbeenentDhavebeen3—Isthereanthingrng,Bb?ulsad—h,nthinguhInfat,I____ffriendsbahe[2007全国卷II]Ahaveustthught　　Basustthininguldustthin　　　Dillustbethining4—T,udidn’tetthepartlastnight?—I____,butIsuddenlreeberedIhadhertd[2007全国卷II]AhadtBdidn’tasgingtDuldn’ t—Didutidurr?[2007上海卷]—N,IasgingttidrbutI______visitrsAhadBhavehavehadDillhave6iththehelpfhightehnlg,reandrenesubstanes______inthepastears[2007上海卷]Adisvered　　　　　　　Bhavedisveredhadbeendisvered　　Dhavebeendisvered7The_____tfreetietstanada,therisethe’dneverhavebeenabletaffrdtg[2007东卷]A．hadgtB．gt．havegtD．get8—DidPeterfixtheputerhiself?—He________,beausehedesn’tnuhabutputers[2007 安徽卷]Ahasitfixed　　Bhadfixedit　　haditfixed　　Dfixedit9ThebeaefriendsagainthatdaUntilthen,the_____teahtherfrnearltears[2007安徽卷]Adidn’tspeaBhadn’tspenhaven’tspenDhaven’tbeenspeaing10—HanIapplfrannlineurse?—ustfillutthisfrande_____hateandfuru[2007北京卷]Asee　　BareseeinghaveseenDillsee11—Itasreallverindfutgiveealifthe—h,dn’tentinitI_____pasturhuseana[2007北京卷]Aasing　　Bille　　hadeDhave e12—Isaaneandherbfriendintheparateightesterdaevening[2007福建卷]—IpssibleSheTVitheinhethenAathed　　Bhadathed　　uldathDasathing13Astheearspassed,anasins—birthdas,aards,graduatins—________ithDad’sflers[2007湖南卷]Aareared　　Bereared　　havearedDhadared14athistaingntesfthegraatialrulesinlassatSunshineShl,hereshe_____Englishfraear[2007湖南卷]Astudies　　Bstudied　　isstudingDhasbeenstuding1Attheendftheeeting,itasannunedthatanagreeent______[2007江苏卷]Ahasbeenreahed　　Bhadbeenreahed hasreahed　　　　Dhadreahed16—uh!uhurte!—IasrrButIanharItdrivearatut[2007江西卷]Adidn’tean;triedBdn’tean;atringhaven’teant;triedDdidn’tean;astring17henugetthepaperba,paspeialattentinthat________[2007四川卷]A．haveared　　Bhavebeenared．hadaredD．hadbeenared18—Diduseeaaninblapassbustn?—N,sirI________anespaper[2007四川卷]Aread　　Basreading　　uldreadDa reading19—abughtanebilephnethetherda[2007浙江卷]—________?That’shisthirdneinustnenthAHadhe　　BDidheDesheDHashe20—DidAlanenseeinghisldfriendsesterda?—es,hedidHe________hisldfriendsfralngtie[2007重庆卷]Adidn’tsee　　Buldn’tsee　　hasn’tseenDhadn’tseen21LenarddaVini(142—119)_______birdseptinagesinrderthavethepleasurefsettingthefree[2007重庆卷]Aissaidtbebuing　　　　BissaidthavebughthadsaidtbuDhassaidthavebught22—DuhaveanideahatPauldesal lda?—AsIn,hespendsatleastasuhtieplaingashe_______[2007重庆卷]Arites　　BdesritingisritingDdesrite23—henIalleduthisrning,nbdanseredthephnehere______[2007重庆卷]Adidug　　Bhaveugne　　ereu　　Dhadubeen24—Haveuhandedinurshlret?—es,IhaveIguessit______n[2007辽宁卷]Ahasgraded　　Bisgraded　　isbeinggradedDisgrading06年高考题1--27---_______leaveattheendfthis nth---Idn’tthinushulddthatuntil________antherb(北京)AI’gingt;u’dfundBI’gingt;u’vefundI’ll;u’llfindDI’ll;u’dfind2--30---urb________penfrurreturn---Thans(北京)Aillbeept　　Billeep　　hadeptDhadbeenept3--32---herediduputtheares?(北京)---h,I________IputthenthehairbeausethephnerangasI______ inAreebered;eBreebered;asingreeber;eDreeber;asing4--2lThehusebelngstauntbutshe______hereanre(全国1)Ahasn’tlived　　Bdidn’tlivehadn’tlivedDdesn’tlive--7—ulvertired_______atalllastnight?—N,ntreallI’tiredutn(全国2)ADusleepBereusleepingDidusleepDHaduslept6--12Thenstrutinfthetnerailalines__________bn(全国2)AhaspletedBhavepletedhavebeenpletedDhasbeenpleted 7--12hn,afriendfine,hgtarriednllastee,spent$3,000rethanhe_______frtheedding(全国3)Aillplan　　BhasplanneduldplanDhadplanned8--20Asuansee,thenuberfarsnrads_______risingthesedas(全国3)Aeeeping　　Beep　　eepsDereeeping9--24Ladiesandgentleen,pleasefastenurseatbeltsTheplane________(福建)Ataesff　　BistaingffhastaenffDtff10--29I’sureu’drathersheenttshlbbus,_______?(福建)Ahadn’tu　　Buldn’tuaren’tuDdidn’tshe11--31Theentthe28thlpiGaes_______pen,thehlerldheered (福建)Adelared　　Bhavebeendelared　　havedelaredDeredelared12--32Therersillgnstrieifthedeandsthe___putfrardareturneddn(福建)AuldBuld不填Dhad13In’ttellthestudenttheanserttheathprbleuntilhe__nitfrrethananhur(湖北)AhasbeenringBillhaveredillhavebeenringDhadred14Iasgivingataltalargegrupfpeple,thesaetalI__thalfadzenthergrups(湖南)Aasgiving　　Bagiving　　hadgivenDhavegiven1Inarabvethestre,hereapart____,sererserebusilsettingthetable (湖南)Aastbeheld　　Bhasbeenheld　　illbeheld　　Disbeingheld16--23---Idn’tsuppsetheplienhdidit---ell,surprisinglthedAanhasbeenarrestedand________n（江苏）AhasbeenquestinedBisbeingquestinedisquestiningDhasquestined17--27Althughedialsiene__________ntrlverseveraldangerusdiseases,hatrriesusisthatsefthearereturning（江苏）Aahieved　　Bhasahieved　　illahieveDhadahieved18--21．usinenttanadatursag．He___therefrafenthsandthenenttAeria．(江西)A．redB．uldr ．uldberingDhasbeenring19--22LatthetietableHurrup!Flight4026ffat18:20(四川)）Ataes　　　BtillbetaenDhastaen20--21Ihavetgtrbtaxibeausearatthegarage（重庆）AillberepairedBisrepairedisbeingrepairedDhasbeenrepaired21--31I’vebeeninLndnfranears,butI’veneverregrettedfinaldeisintvebathina（重庆）Alived　　Basliving　havelivedDhadlived22--28Althughtheausesfaner____,edntethaveanpratialatpreventit（东）AarebeingunveredBhavebeenunveringareunveringDhaveunvered 23--29Ithinitisneessarfr19-ear-ldsnthavehisnbilephne,frIsetiesanttaesureifhehefrdinner（辽宁）AeBes　　haseDille24--31ItissaidthattheearlEurpeanplaing-ardsfrentertainentandeduatin（辽宁）AerebeingdesignedBhavedesignedhavebeendesignedDeredesigned第八讲情态动词【要点点拨】1表示请求和允许:an,uld,a,ight过去式使语气更委婉，答语应用原形。 ---uldIuseurputertrrrning?---es,uan(否定回答可用：N,I’afraid nt)2．表示推测：理论可能性an可能性肯定句ust,a,ight,uld疑问句an否定句an’t(不可能)，ant (可能不)1)an表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真的发生hildrenanbevertiring2)对现在事情的推测：情态动词+d对过去事情的推测：情态动词+havedne对已完成事情的推测：情态动词+havedne3)反意问句：Heantheplan,desn’the?uusthavestudiedEnglishbefre,haven’tu?uan’thavebeenaughtintherainlastnight,ereu?3．an≈beablet在肯定句中an表示有“能力”做，beablet表示通过想办法/努力等而能够做成了某一事，相当于anagedtd…或sueededinding sthBirdsanflThefirespreadthrughthehtelverquilbuteverneasabletgetut4a/ightaselldsth“还是…好”、“不妨”uightaselltellethetruth你还是把真相告诉我的好。ust和havet1)ust表示的是说话人的主观看法,而havet强调客观需要。2）否定形式含义不同。ustn’t禁止，不许可，dn’thavet不必3)ust偏要（做令人不快的事）egustushutsludl?6shall和shuld1)表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示，用于第一、三人称。henshallfatherbeabletleave hspital?Shall2)用于第一、三人称2)用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁以及说话人的决心。ushallgithe(命令)/ushallhavethebhenIfinishit33（允诺）Heshallbepunished（威胁）/Nthingshallstpefrdingit(决心)3)规定（在条约、规则、法律）1)表示劝告和建议“应该”2)“按道理应当”“估计”(=ughtt)Theshuldbetherebn,Ithin3）用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。Ishuldadviseuntdthat我倒是劝你别这样做。shuld4）在条句中表示“万一”，主句不一定用虚拟语气。AsTtringeupifushuldseehi/ShuldIbefreetrr,I’lle ）（h/H+）shuld结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟然”，也用在某些从句中。Itseessunfairthatthisshuldhappente这种事竟然发生在我身上真不公平。7ill和uld1)表示意志和意愿。ill指现在，uld指过去。Ifuilllistente,I’llgiveuseadvie2)表示请求、建议，uld比ill委婉、客气。ill(uld)upleasepassetheb?3)表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”，ill指现在，uld指过去。FishilldieithutaterEverevening,sheuldsitbtheind,deepin thught4)表示功能，意为“能”或“行”Theahinen’tr)表示预料或猜想。Ituldbeabuttenhenhelefthe猜想他离开家时大约十点。8uld≈usedt1)表示过去持续的状态和情况用usedt;uld不与表示状态的动词连用。Thereusedtbeahspitalhere/Thereuldbeahspitalhere(×)2)uld常与ften,seties,frhurs等表示时间的副词（短语）连用。euldsitintheardevereveningandlistenedthisstr3)usedt强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义egHeillntspendthenenbsasheusedt9dare 和need两者作为情态动词都不用于肯定句，常用于否定句、疑问句和条从句中。习惯用语Idaresa（可能，或许，我揣测）除外。实义动词用法同于一般动词。但在否定句中，dare后的t可省略，即：dn’t/desn’tdare(t)d…need作为实义动词时，用在否定句中时，其后的t不能省略。Hedaregtherealne(×)HedarestgthereHedaresntgtherealne(×)Hedarentgtherealne/Hedesn’tdare(t)gtherealneHestdthereithutdaringlifthishead(×)Hestdthereithutdaringtlifthishead10．情态动词+havedne,表示过去比较：情态动词+d,表示现在或将。needn’thavedne≈didn’tneedtd…Sheneednthaveeesterda她昨天本不必要的。（但却了）Shedidn’tneedteesterda 她昨天不必。（实际上也没）【各个击破】1Ilivedithsisterthissueranddidn’thavetparentSI____savestfsalarAuldBuldasabletDshuld2---L,hn’sfallenasleep---h,he______tlatelastnightAightsitupbshuldhavesatupuldsitupDusthavesatup3nSundashenIasahild,FatherandI____getupearlandgfishingAuldBuldightDshuld4---anpepleinEnglandlvetgiveadvieneatherreprting---es,butIthintheeatherffie’sputers___bereaurate (精确的)AanBustughttDight---AreustillgingtShanghaifrtheSpringFestival?---es,butIreall____beauseIhavealtfthingstdealithAan’tBustn’tn’tDshuldn’t6–ell,Ifrgttbringditinarhereesterda--Atuallu____ithereuerentalledtuseitAneedn’tbringBneedn’thavebrughtdidn’tneedtbringDdn’thavetbring7---ShallIbthetablefrthedinner?---es,u____TherestaurantisalasfullfpepleAanBillustd need8Theprb____thetestagain;inthatase,histherillbeverdisappintedAusthavefailedBightfailuldhavefailedDshuldfail9---h____itrainn?I___gtthenertat7---hatapit!Aan;ightntBshuld;needn’tust;an’tDneed;ustn’t10--eneedsefreshair,buttheindpen--_____Ihelpu?Adidn’t;illBshan’t;Needustn’t;aDn’t;Shall11--hatduthinfurnephe?--Hebevernaughtbutatthesaetieu__helpliinghiAill;illBn’t;an’ta;aDan;an’ t12Itasntpssiblethatshe____gdn,stepbstepdntheunexpetedstairsintthedarbelAshulddareBshulddaretustdareDustdaret13---Iatldthathnhadantheraraidentthisrning---IbelieventHe____sarelessAshuldn’thavebeenBuldn’thavebeenuldn’thavebeenDustn’thavebeen14---uughtthavegiventheseadvie---____,butharedhatIsaid?ASIughtBSughtISIdidDSdidI1．---ritetehenugethe --______AIustBIshuldIillDIan16ShuturuthNthing___stpeneIhaveadeupindAillBughttshallDust17eepupagdstatefindevenifu_____failplentftiesAustBillanDshuld18Theplieantldthepupils“u____plaftballinthestreet”Aan’tBneedn’tustn’tDshuldn’t19Ifu___aitaent,IillgandfinduranagerAanBshuldillDust20Dn’tbelievehiHisstr___betrue Austn’tBneedn’tshuldn’tDant08年高考题：01、(08全国卷II’17)Liza___ellntanttgnthetrip---shehatestravelingAillBanustDa02、(08上海春卷’27)henIasung,IastldthatI______plaithathesAuldn’tBneedn’tustn’tDdaren’t03、(08上海卷’29)Ardingttheairtraffirules,u______sithffurbilephnebefrebardingAaBanuldDshuld04、(08天津卷’06)She______haveleftshl,frherbieisstillhereAan’tBuldn’tshuldn’tDneedn’ t0、(08重庆卷’30)---Ian’tfindpurseanhere---uhavelstithileshppingAaBanshuldDuld06、(08辽宁卷’22)Peter______berealldiffiultattieseventhughhe’saniepersningeneralAshallBshuldanDust07、(08东卷’24)ThanufrallurhardrlasteeIdn’tthine______itithutuAananageBuldhaveanageduldanageDanhaveanaged08、(08江苏卷’3)—I’srrI______atuthetherda—FrgetitIasabitutfntrlselfAshuldn’tshutBshuldn’thave shutedustn’tshutDustn’thaveshuted09、(08江西卷’26)hatapitnsideringhisabilitandexperiene,he___betterAneedhavedneBusthavedneanhavedneDighthavedne10、(08浙江卷’11)u_____behungralread—uhadlunhnlthursag!Auldn’tBan’tustn’tDneedn’t11、(08湖南卷’28)udn’thavetnthenaeftheauthrtfindabu___findthebbthetitleustBneedanDuld12、(08陕西卷’09)–hatsrtfhuseduantthave?Sething big?--ell,itbebig--that’sntiprtantAustn’tBneedn’tan’tDn’t13、(08四川卷’10)Althughthis____sundlieasipletas,greatareisneededAustBashallDshuld14、(08福建卷’24)Itisusuallarinhetninarh,butit_____beratherldsetieAustBanshuldDuld07高考题1—H’surturarundtheNrthLae?Isitbeautiful?—It________be,butitisnheavilplluted[2007全国卷I]AillBuldshuldDust 2—Guesshat!IhavegtAfrterpaper[2007上海卷]—Great!u______readidelandputaltfrintitAustBshuldusthaveDshuldhave3Theteaher_______havethughthnsnasrthitrsheuldn’thaveastedtienhi,Isuppse[2007安徽卷]AshuldBanuldDust4Inrdedplaeslieairprtsandrailastatins,u___taearefurluggage[北京卷]AanBaustDillP4plaerisn’tinbaghereIhaveputit?[2007福建卷]AanBustshuldDuld6Thebiggestprblefrstplants,hih________ustgetupandrunaahenthreatened,isthatanialslieteatthe[2007 湖南卷]Ashan’tBan’tneedn’tDustn’t7—ShelsverhappShe______havepassedtheexa[2007江苏卷]—IguesssIt’sntdiffiultafterallAshuldBuldustDight8—hereisditinar?IreeberIputithereesterda—uitintherngplae[2007江西卷]AustputBshuldhaveputightputDighthaveput9Asaresultftheseriusfld,t-thirdsfthebuildingsinthearea[2007陕西卷]AneedrepairingBneedstrepairneedsrepairingDneedt repair10Itldurfriendhtgettthehtel,butperhapsIhavedrivenherthere[2007陕西卷]AuldBustnightDshuld11Thebsshasgiveneverneaspeialhlida,segtrtrr[2007上海春]A．an’tB．ustn’tneedn’tD．shuldn’t12一hatdesthesignverthereread?一“Npersn_____serarralightedigarette，igarrpipeinthisarea．”[2007四川卷]A．illB．a．shallDust13—at’sreallfat—u______havegivenhersuhfd[2007浙江卷]Auldn’tBuldn’tshuldn’tDustn’ t14—hatduthineandfruragedparents?—u_______danthingexepttbeiththeandbeurself[2007重庆卷]Adn’thavetBughtn’ttustn’tDan’t1—TurnfftheTV,a____urhern?—u,usttenreinutes,please[2007辽宁卷]AShuldubedingBShuldn’tubedinguldn’tubedingDillubeding06年高考题1--2---hat’sthenae?---hulaifi_______Ispellthatfru? (北京)AShallBuldanDight2--24There’snlightn-the______beathe(全国1)Aan’tBustn’tneedn’tDshuldn’t3--19Asuredlateesterda,u_________haveethisrning(全国2)Aan’tBan’tustn’tDneedn’t4--10ehpethatasanpepleas-pssible_______inusfrthepinitrr(全国3)AneedBustshuldDan--27Ifiterentfrthefatthatshe_______sing,Iuldinvitehertthepart(福建)Auldn’tBshuldn’tan’tDightnt6--22---ustheetsignthispaperhiself? (广东)---es,heAneedBustaDill7--32Seaspetsfapilt’sb__________bebring,andpiltsften________ratinnvenienthurs(湖南)Aan;havetBa;anhavet;aDughtt;ust8--21---IthinI’llgiveBbaring---u_______uhaven’tbeenintuhithhifrages（江苏）AillBahavetDshuld9--24．Theeatherturneduttbefineesterda．I——thetrubletarrubrellaithe．(江西)AshuldhavetaenB．uldhavetaen．needn’thavetaenD．ustn’thave taen10--30–--aIsehere?---Ifu____,hseaseatinthesingsetin(东)AshuldBuldaDust11--32---Isanduttda?（(四川)）---It______behiIt’shisturntrrAustn’tBn’tan’tDneedn’t12--19---uldIhaveardithu,u?（浙江）---hdear,ifu________AanBustaDshuld13--26unheisntgingtletusleaveearlife___gettherdne（上海春）Aan’tBantshuldn’tDustn’t14-30--–aIsehere ?---Ifu____,hseaseatinthesingsetin（东）AshuldBuldaDust1-11ehaveprvedgreatadventurers,butehavednethegreatestarheveradeinthepasttenears（天津）Aneedn’tBantshuldn’tDustn’t第九讲 句子成分一、知识要点（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Aerianuntrusihasbeereandreppular（名词）eftenspeaEnglishinlass（代词）ne-thirdfthestudentsinthislassaregirls（数词）Tsiintheriverisagreatpleasure（不定式）Singdeshartthe health（动名词）Therihshuldhelpthepr（名词化的形容词）henearegingthaveanEnglishtesthasntbeendeided（主语从句）Itisneessartasterafreignlanguage（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepratiesrunningeverrning2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：uaeepthebfrteesHehasaughtabadld （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：earestudents（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,bee,get,l,gr,turn,see等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：urteaherfEnglishisanAerian（名词）Isiturs?（代词）Theeatherhasturnedld（形容词）Thespeehisexiting（分词）Threetiessevenistent ne?（数词）HisbistteahEnglish（不定式）Hishbb（爱好）isplaingftball（动名词）Theahineustbeutfrder（介词短语）TieisupThelassisver（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabrad（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：Theenttseeanexhibitin（展览）esterda（名词）Theheavrainpreventedefringtshlntie（代词）Handitinariesduhave?Ihavefive（数词）Thehelpedtheldiththeirhuser esterda（名词化形容词）Hepretendednttseee（不定式短语）Ienlisteningtppularusi（动名词短语）Ithin（that）heisfitfrhisffie（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendeurditinar,please（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theeletedhitheirnitr（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如ae等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：Hisfathernaedhi Dnging（名词）Thepaintedtheirbathite（形容词）Letthefreshairin（副词）uustn’tfrehitlendhisnetu（不定式短语）esaherenteringther（现在分词）efundeverthinginthelabingdrder（介词短语）eillsnaeurithaturitisn（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulit（形容词）hinaisadevelpinguntr;Aeriaisadevelpeduntr（分词）Therearethirtenteahersisur shl（名词）HisrapidprgressinEnglishadeussurprised（代词）urnitrisalasthefirsttenterthelassr（不定式短语）Theteahingplanfrnextterhasbeenredut（动名词）HeisreadinganartileabuthtlearnEnglish（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsstquil（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedintheitfrtenears（介词短语）Heisprudthavepassedthenatinalllegeentraneexainatin（不定式短语）Heisintheraingadel plane（分词短语）aitainute（名词）neubegin,uustntinue（状语从句）状语种类如下：Habuteetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidn’tgtthedanepartbeauseftherain（原因状语）Ishallgthereifitdesn’train（条状语）rSithlivesnthethirdflr（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintthebasetithgreatare（方式状语）Sheaeinithaditinarinherhand（伴随状语）Inrdertathupiththethers,Iustrharder（目的状语）Heasstiredthathefellasleep iediatel（结果状语）Shersverhardthughsheisld（让步状语）Iatallerthanheis（比较状语）二、巩固练习1．用符号划出下列短各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：（1）IbegantgrupthatinternighthenparentsandIerereturningfraunt＇shuse,andthersaidthateightsnbeleavingfrAeriaeerenthebusthenIasring,andsepeplenthebusereturningarundtlateIreeberthatIuldntbearthethughtfneverhearingagaintheradiprgrafrshlhildrenthihIlistenedever rning（2）IhpeuareverellI’fine,buttiredRightnitisthesuervaatinandI’helpingDadnthefarAugustisthehttestnthhereItisthetiefearfrtherieharvest,severdaIrfrdanuntildarSetiesegnringafterdarbthelightsfurtratrsegrrieinthesuthftheStates,butinthenrthhereitislderthegrheatehavealtfahinesnthefarAlthughthefarislarge,DadhasnltenringfrhiButheeplsreenfrtheharvestbrthertaesarefthevegetablegardenItdesn’tftenraininthesuerhereAsaresult,ehavetaterthevegetablegardenEvereveningepupaterfraellItthenrunsalnghannelstdifferentpartsfthegarden2．用符号划出下列短各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：IsuddenlheardanelephantringasthughfrightenedLingdnIiediatelregnizedthatsethingasrngandrandnttheedgefthenearbanThereIsaaSheithherthree-nth-ldalfstrugglinginthefast-risingateranditasalife-and-deathstruggleHeralfasflatingandsreaingithfearaSheasasneartthefarbanassheuldget,hldingherhlebdagainsttherushingaterandeepingthealfpressedagainstherhugebdEvernandthentherushingateruldseepthealf aastSaturdaeveningsthereisapart,evenatharvesttieThesepartiesftenaeusverhappeeatnanpenfireutsideIt’sgreat!Aerianseataltfeat—tuhinpininSeffriendsdrinbeerIdn’t,beauseIhavetdriveheafterthepartInurletteruasedabutthetieindifferentareasftheStatesTherearefivedifferenttieareasintheStatesInstateearefurteenhursbehindBeiingtieHandifferenttieareasduhaveinhina?ell,IuststpandgetsesleepPleasegivebestregardsturparents第十讲句子类型【要点提示】一．简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：egHeisastudent2、主语+不及物动词：ege r3、主语+及物动词+宾语：egHenrbughtaditinar4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：egfatherbughteaar、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：egTadethebablaugh注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。双宾语：有些英语动词可以接双宾语，句式为：subet+vt+sb(间接宾语)+sth（直接宾语）英语中，能接双宾语的常用动词有：as、prise、ause、pla、leave、ae、d、bring、bu、reah、rder、teah、ffer、serve、sh、tell、ish…。eganIasuaquestin,Sir?Sheadeeadelshipfrbirthda注：带双宾语的句子可以被改为subet+vt+sth(直接宾语)+介词+sb的形式。其中的介词，常用的有：t、fr、f …。归纳如下：handepapstprisereadreturnsendshteah…sthtsbbilbudrahseearnfindgatherrdersavesing… sthfrsbasrequestdeandsthf/frsb另还有：plaae/trinsb;plaagaeith/againstsbegExusee,udeandtuhfr/f eaIasaquestinfu?另外句型：Subet+lin-v+n/ad在该句型中的系动词有特定含义，有“人称、数、时态”等形式变化。常用的有：显得：l,appear,see变得：bee,e,fall,get,g,gr,run,turn持续是：ntinue,eep,reain,stand,sta听（闻、尝、摸）起：sund,sell,taste,feel证明是：prveegHisrdsprvedrightThedishsells nderful二、感叹句：感叹句有两个基本句式句式：1）hat+Nphrase+subet+be/v!这里的名词短语有以下三种可能：a、a/an+ad+名词单数b、ad+名词复数、ad+不可数名词eghatalvelbheis!hatseetflerstheare!hatldeatheritis!2)H+ad+the+N(单数、复数、不可数)+subet+be/lin-vegHlvelthebis!Hseettheflersare!Huldtheeatheris!Hsththesilfeels!另：上两种感叹句可以相互转换有时,在上下明确的情况下，可以省略H后面的形容词。egH(fast/ell)thestudentsr!Hell/beautifull)she sings!三、反意疑问句：1)反意疑问句一般遵循：前面肯定，反意部分否定、前面否定反意部分肯定的原则。egHeliesplaingftball,desn’the?udn’tathTVintheevening,du?注：a、当前否后肯时，要注意它的答局的意思。egShedesn’tspeaEnglish,desshe?es,shedes(不，她讲英语的)N,shedesn’t(是的，不讲)2）祈使句的反意部分用n’tu?/shan’te?或illu?/shalle?但常用illu?/shalle?egLendeahand,illu?Letuspassthrughther,illu?Dn’taeannise,illu?Let’splatennisn,shall e?3）含有否定意思的副词：hardl、n、nt、never、seld、little、sarel等，属于准否定词，用于句中时，该句即为否定句。egHehardlgeshenSundas,deshe?Thelittlebseldtellslies,deshe?但是像unfair、useless、ipssible、dislie等词，虽然也有否定意思，但由于它们是在一个词前加前缀dis-/i-/un-等或在词后加后缀-less构成的，不属于准否定词。当这些词用于句中时，该句并不是否定句，即：反意部分仍然用否定式。egudislietheahespeas,dn’tu?Itisipssibletfinishtherinthreehurs,isn’tit?4)ust表示推测时，反意部分用ust后面的动词的相应助动词形式。egHeustnbthEnglishandFrenh,desn’the?Sheusthaventheansertthequestin,hasn’ tshe?Theusthavevisitedthefarlastee,didn’tthe?注意：a、Lete引起的祈使句，反意部分用illu?/n’tu?/aI?Let’s引起的祈使句，反意部分用shalle?b、当陈述部分的主语是：—bd或—ne构成的不定代词时，反意部分的主语用he或the；是—thing时，用it。、Ia…的反意部分用aren’tI?四．并列句1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,ntnl…butals…,neither…nr…,then等连接。egTheteaher’snaeisSith,andthestudent’snaeishn2、表示选择，常用的连词有r,either…r…, therise等。egHurrup,ru’llissthetrain3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,hever,et,hile,hen等。egHeasalittleaniththiglasses,buthehadastrangeafainghislasseslivelandinteresting4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有s,fr,therefre等。egAugustisthetieftheearfrriveharvest,severdaIrfrdanuntildar注意：两个分句之间必须用一个连词连接。五．强调句用法归纳强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：1．用助动词“d（des／did）＋动词原形”表示强调：（用于祈使句和陈述句，一般现在时和一般过去时中）Hedesntheplaeell．他的确很熟悉这个地方。 Dritetehenugetthere．你到那儿后务必给我信。2．用形容词ver，nl，single，suh等修饰名词或形容词加强语气：That’sthevertextbeusedlastter．这正是我们上学期用过的教材。uarethenlpersnherehanspeahinese．你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。Ntasinglepersnhasbeenintheshpthisrning．今天上午商店里连一个人都没有Hdareubusuhexpensiveeels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？3．用ever，never，ver，ust等副词和badl，highl，reall等带有－l的副词进行强调：heverdiduds？你究竟为什么要这么做？Heneversaidardthehleda．一整天，他一句话也没说。u’vegttbever，verareful．你一定得非常、非常小心。 ThisisusthatIanted．这正是我所要的。Heasbadlunded．他伤得很严重。Irealldn’tnhattdnext．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。4．用intherld，nearth，atall等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：hereintherlduldhebe？他到底会在哪儿？hatnearthisit？它究竟是什么？Dunatall？你到底知不知道？．用感叹句表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：Hinterestingastritis！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！h，hatalie！啊，真是弥天大谎！ 6．用重复表示强调：h！h！Theageisept！啊！啊！箱子是空的。Thealedfrilesandiles．他们走了好多英里。7．用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）加强语气：nthetableereseflers．桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）anatiehaveIlibedthathill．我多次翻过那座。nlinthisa，aneslvethisprble．只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。8．用强调句型：“Itis（as）＋被强调的部分＋that（h）＋原句其它部分”强调说话人的意愿：（细解见—本届主体资料—P343）Itasnndanightthatallthishappened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。It’sethatheblaed．他怪的是我。 高考英语长难句精选1FirstputfrardbtheFrenhatheatiianPierredeFratintheseventeenthentur,thetherhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestatheatialinds,inludingaFrenhansientisthadeaaradvaneinringuttheprble,andhhadtdresslieaaninrdertbeabletstudattheElabpltehnique2这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。2ItisdiffiultteasurethequantitfpaperusedasaresultfusefInternet-nnetedputers,althughustabutannehrsinanffieantelluthathene-ailisintrdued,theprintersstartringvertieThatis,thegringdeand frpaperinreentearsislargelduettheinreaseduseftheInternet由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越越多的使用。简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词ustabut几乎；vertie超时地。3Perhapsthebestsignfhputerandinternetusepushesupdeandfrpaperesfrthehigh-tehindustritself,hihseesprintingasnefitsstprisingnearet或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词prising有前途的。4Theatingruphasalsfundaeptablepaperadefraterialstherthand,suhasagriulturalaste这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。简析：关键词therthan而不是。stlbrredfrEnglishandhinese,thesetersareftenhangedintfrsnlngerunderstdbnativespeaers 这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。简析：关键词ter术语。6Itisnefanlanguagebsthatarenflingffbsellers’shelves它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。简析：比喻生动形象。7Theassediaandgvernenthitepapersplaaniprtantpartinthespreadffreignrds大众传播媒介和政府白皮书（正式报告）在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。简析：关键词theassediaandgvernenthitepapers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书（正式报告）。8TalesfrAnialHspitalilldelightallfansftheprgraeandannehasalivelinterestintheirpet,hetheritbeaat、dgrsnae!自动物医院（这个电视节目）的故事（这本书），将使这个电视节目的爱好者以及对无论是猫、狗还是蛇这类宠物有浓厚兴趣的任何人感到高兴。简析：关键词fans…爱好者，hether…r…，无论是…还是…。9Netnisshnasagiftedsientistithverhuaneanesseshstdatthepintinhistrhereagiendedandsienebegan 牛顿被证明是一位很有才华的科学家，他处于一个魔术终结科学开启的历史时期，他也有普通人所特有的弱点。简析：夹杂两个定语从句。10Butfrallthetextsthatareritten,stredandsenteletrniall,altfthearestillendingupnpaper）但对于所有这些以电子手段记录，贮存及传递的本而言，许多本仍要（打印）在纸上。简析：关键词text本；endup最后成为（处于）。11iththeirshiningbrnees,aggingtails,andunnditinallve,dgsanprvidethennudgentallistenersneededfrabeginningreadertgainnfidene,ardingtInteruntainTherapAnials（ITA）insaltLaeit据盐湖城的ITA的观点，闪烁的棕色眼睛，摇着尾巴，并有无条的爱心，狗能成为无判断力的（忠实的）听者，这是刚开始搞阅读的小孩所需要的。简析：夹杂ith构成的介词短语及过去分词短语。12TheSaltLaeitpublilibrarissldntheidea这家盐湖城公共图书馆接受这个观点。简析：关键词selln（t）使接受。13DisveredbthePrtugueseadiralfthesaenaein106,andsettledin1810,theislandbelngstGreatBritainandhasappulatinfafehundred 这个岛屿，于106年被同名的葡萄牙上将发现，在1810年有人居住，现在属于英国，人口数有几百人。简析：有两个过去分词短语作状语。14Thehadnnnetiniththeutsiderldfrrethanathusandears,givingtheplentftietbuildrethan1000hugestnefigures,alledat,frhihtheislandisstfaus他们已有一千多年与外界没有联系，这给他们充足的时间修建1000多座巨大的石像，被称为莫艾，因为有这个东西这个岛屿极其出名。简析：夹杂有现在分词短语，过去分词短语及定语从句。1urpartiesareaiedfrhildren2t10andthe’reverinterativeandreativeinthatthebuildasensefdraabasednasubet我们的（生日）聚会针对两到十岁的小孩，它们互动感强，富有创新，因为它们能基于一个主题构建一种戏剧的氛围。简析：关键词aifr针对；inthat在于。16Thestiprtantideabehindtheindfpartplanningdesribedhereisthatitbringsparentsandhildrenlsertgether在这里叙述的这种筹备（生日）聚会的计划所带有的最重要的观点在于它能让父母和孩子的关系更加密切。简析：夹杂过去分词短语及表语从句。17Hehadrealizedthattherds:“nefsixteight”underthefirstpitureinthebnnetedthehareinseatatherinefAragn,thefirstfHenrVIII’ssixives 他曾认识到那本书里第一幅图画下面的那些词“一、六、八”在某些方面将这个野兔和阿拉甘的凯撒英，即亨利八世的六个妻子当中的第一个妻子，联系起。简析：夹杂宾语从句及过去分词短语。18UntilnedaheaearsststnerssesinApthillparandlearntthatthehadbeenbuiltinherhnrin1773直到有一天他在阿帕斯尔公园碰巧看见两个石制的十字架，他才懂得在1773年修建这两个十字架是为了向她表示敬意。简析：关键词earss碰巧遇见，inne’shnr纪念某人。六．Therebe结构Therebe结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型，表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”there作为引导词，本身没有意义，用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词，它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组，动词be和主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“Therebe+名词+地点（时间）这一句型。例如：ThereisagreatItaliandeliarssthestreet 穿过街道，有一家大的意大利熟食店。Therearesestudentsinthedritr在宿舍里有一些学生。（一）Therebe结构中的主谓一致1当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be应该取单数is；当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时，be用复数are。There’saanatthedrThereisseappleuieinthebttleTherearesestrangersinthestreet如果Therebe后面是几个并列名词做主语时，动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。Thereisanashtraandtbttlesntheshelf Therearetbttlesandanashtrantheshelf2Therebe句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：begingt、seet、appeart、usedt、belielt、happent…Thereseetbeafetreesbeteeneandthegreen在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。ThereisgngtbeaeetingtnightThereislieltbeastrTherehappenedtbeabusnearb碰巧附近有辆公交车。Thereappearsthavebeenanastaident似乎发生了一起严重事故。3therebe结构中除可以用be外，还可以用其它动词。例如：Thereaeasentf lie-blss飘一阵菩提树的花香。neupnatietherelivedainginhina从前中国有一个国王。（二）Therebe句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句1Therebe句型的否定句有两种构成方式，一种是将否定副词nt放在be之后，如：Thereisn’tabxintherTherehasn’tbeenanrainfraee另一种是在主语前加上不定代词n,如：ThereisnaterinthebttleTherearenpituresntheall2Therebe句型的反意疑问句Thereisaupnthetable,isn’ tthere?Therearealtflettersintheailbx,aren’tthere?Thereillbeanehspitalnearb,n’tthere?（三）Therebe结构的非谓语动词形式Therebe结构的非谓语动词形式是theretbe和therebeing两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。1therebeing结构起名词的作用，直接位于句首作主语，通常用it作形式主语，并且用fr引导。Therebeingabusstpnearhuseisagreatadvantage我家旁边有个公共汽车站，很是方便。Itisipssiblefrtheretbeanre不可能再有了。2therebe结构作宾语时，通常用theretbe，常作这样一些词的宾语：expet，lie,ean,intend, ant,prefer,hate等。Iexpettheretbenarguentabutthis我期望关于这事不要再争吵了。Ishuldprefertheretbendisussinfprivateaffairs我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。Pepledn’tanttheretbeantherar人们不希望再有战争了。3作状语的therebe形式，通常用“therebeing”结构。Therebeingnthingelsetd,eentheThelsedthedr,therebeingnusters因为没有顾客，他们的店关门了。（四）Therebe结构和have的区别与联系 1区别点：therebe意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系,一般带地点状语；have表示所有关系，强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。如：TherearesetreesinfrntfthehuseThasanfriendsinhina2相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用therebe句型，也可以用have（has）表示。中国有许多长河。Thereareanlngriversinhinahinahasanlngrivers三月份有多少天？Handasarethereinarh?Handashas arh?七．高考考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and,but,r,hile，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条从句中，如果主句是将时，从句则用一般式表将，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：eillgutingifitdesn’train trr。【各个击破】1______nieeatheritis!Let’sgutfraal,shalle?(04西城４月)　AHBHahataDhat2—Nthingrngithit,_____?(04南京质检)—Nursisaspeial-builtdelDrivearefull,thughIttaestietruninanearAisitBhasitaretheDisthere3Hehadlittleideathatitasgettingslate,_______?(04长春调研)Adidn’theBasn’titdidheDasit4Pllustbeunhappithute,_____she?AustBisustn’tDisn’tI’late, ____?AaIBantIaren’tIDaren’tu6Let’sgttheinea,____?AshalleBilluilleDdn’te7——Shedidn’tetshlesterda,didshe?——____,thughsheasntfeelingverellAN,shedidn’tBes,shedidn’tN,shedidDes,shedid8——Alie,ufeed(喂)thebirdtda,____?——ButIfeditesterdaAduBilludidn’tuDdn’tu9Thebisunliehisther,____he?AisBisn’tdesn’tD des10Dbearefulhenurssthestreet,____u?Adn’tBaren’tillDust09年高考题1(09安徽）–Inderhuhuhargefrurservies--Thefirsttarefreethethirdsts$30AhileBuntilhenDbefre2（09北京）hnplasbasetballell,_____hisfavritesprtisbadintnAsBretDfr3(09北京）uauserasulie____uleanitupafterardsAsfarasBslngasinaseDeven if4（09北京）Atfirsthehatedthenebbutdeidedtgivehiselfafenthstsee___itgtanbetterAhenBhhDif（09湖南）______thepliethughtheasthestlielne,sinethehadnexatprfabutit,theuldntarresthiAAlthughBAslngasIfnlDAssnas6（09东）------shallehaveurpinitrr?-----______itdesn’trainAUntilBhileneDIf7（09四川）enuldn’teatanthing____________heedithiselfAuntilBsineunlessDhile8．（09浙江）Theediinersreeffetivel______udrinsehtateraftertaing itAasBuntilalthughDif08高考题1（安徽）32-----Haveugtanpartiularplansfrtheinghlida?-----es,_______,I’gingtvisitsehesfrtheldintheitAIfeverBIfbusIfanthingDIfpssible2（福建）30–hshuldberespnsiblefrtheaident?–Thebss,nttherersTheustarrieduttherder_____AastldBasaretldastellingDasthetld3（湖南）23Ithughte’dbelatefrthenert,__eendedupgettingthereaheadftieAbutBrsDfr4（湖南）24_______theebsiteftheFireDepartentinurit,anduill learnaltabutFirefightingHavingsearhedBTsearhSearhingDSearh（江苏）32______ueattherretfds______beableteepfitandstahealthAnlif;illuBnlif;uillUnless;illuDUnless;uill6（江西）22Englishteaher’shuras____aeeverstudentburstintlaughterAsastBsuhastsuhthatDsthat7（江西）31Itasannunedthatnlhenthefireasunderntrl___treturnttheir hesAtheresidentsuldbeperittedBhadtheresidentsbeenperitteduldberesidentsbeperittedDtheresidentshadbeenperitted8（辽宁）3Billasn’thappabutthedelafthereprtbasn,and______AIasneitherBneitherasIIaseitherDeitherasI9(全国II)13Standverthere___u’llbeabletseetheilpaintingbetterAbutBtillandDr10(全国II)20ItasinNeZealand___ElizabethfirstetrSithAthatBhhihDhen11（陕西）7Ntuntilthetrbieledalstne_____repairingandleaningitAhestppedBdidhestpstppedheDhedid stp12（天津）8ItasalngtheississippiRiver_______arTainspentuhfhishildhdAhBhihthatDhere13（重庆卷）22Itasntuntilidnight__thereahedtheapsiteAthatBhenhileDas14（重庆卷）26nlhenIleftparentsfrItal__huhIlvedtheAIrealizedBIhadrealizedhadIrealizedDdidIrealize1（重庆卷）32Theartistasbrnpr,__prhereainedallhislifeAandBrbutDs16(上海)39Suhfinterest___thatstvisitrssiplrunutftiebefreseeingit allAffersBeiingBBeiingffersdesBeiingfferDBeiingdesffer07年高考题1Ife’sifen’tgtthepart,____[全国卷II]AheilleitherBneitherillheheneitherillDeitherheill2—Hastheteleviseddebatelastnight?—Super!Rarel______suhediaattentin[上海卷]AadebateattratedBdidadebateattratadebatedidattratDattratedadebate3Thelittlebaeridingfullspeeddnthetranhisbile______itas![上海卷]AhatadangerusseneBhatdangerusa seneHadangerusseneDHdangerusthesene4Little_______thateereathinghiseverve,sheseeedtbeginghisnainthisbusiness[安徽卷]AherealizedBhedidn’trealizedidn’therealizeDdidherealizeInpinin,lifeinthetent-firstenturisuheasierthan________[安徽卷]AthatusedtbeBitisusedtitasusedtDitusedtbe6Beteenthetgeneratins,itisftennttheirage,_________theireduatinthatausesisunderstanding[全国卷I]AlieBasrDbut7uhavefailedttestsu’dbetterstartringharder,____un’tpasstheurse [北京卷]AandBsbutDr8henu’vefinishediththatb,dn’tfrgettputitbanetheshelf,____?[北京卷]AduBdn’tuilluDn’tu9Realitisnttheauishthingstbe,nrtheatheappeartbe,________theatheatuallare[湖南卷]AasBrbutDand10uanthaveplaedverelltda,butatleastu’vegtthrughtthenextrundand______[江苏卷]AtrrneveresBtrrisantherdaneverputfftilltrrDthereisntrr11—rgetsverldat night—___________[江苏卷]ASisineBSineisSdesineDSinedes12Idn’tindherritiizinge,butishshedesitthatIbett[江西卷]AitBthatthisDhih13thatariasabletsetupnebranheslsehere[陕西卷]ASsuessfulherbusinessasBSsuessfulasherbusinessSherbusinessassuessfulDsashersuessfulbusiness14Ifutalnieandplite,peplelistentuIfushut,thisisngd,?[上海春]A．duB．dn’tu．isitD．isn’tit1Itisiaginatinaestherldlrful,fullfvigrandvitalit[上海春]A．hereB．hat．that D．hen16—Diduseehthedriveras?[上海春]—N,squil_________thatIuldn’tgatagdlathisfaeA．didthearspeedbB．thearspedb．desthearspeedbD．thearspeedsb17I’dlietstudlaatuniversit________usinprefersgegraph[四川卷]AthughBashileDfr18It_____ehadstaedtgetherfrauplefees____Ifundehadaltinn[浙江卷]Aasuntil;henBasuntil;thatasn’tuntil;henDasn’tuntil;that19Itisnthisrightbuthatisright______isfiprtane[重庆卷]AhihBitthatD this20_______,hisideaasaeptedballthepepleattheeeting[2007重庆卷]AStrangeasightitsunBAsitightsundstrangeAsstrangeitightsunDStrangeasitightsund21IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfrtentears,butseld_____slnelasn[辽宁]AhaveIfeltBIhadfeltIhavefeltDHadIfelt22Helpthersheneveruan______uillaetherldanierplaetlivein[辽宁卷]A．andB．r．unlessD．but第十一讲 名词性从句和定语从句【考点点拨】一．名词性从句名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，相当于一个名词的功能。主语从句hatheantsttellusisntlear 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。宾语从句Ibelieve(that)heishnest我相信他是忠诚的。表语从句Thequestinish(hihfu)illbethenextspeaer问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。同位语从句Thenesthathehadlandednthenspreadallvertherld 他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。近几年高考对名词性从句的考查重点如下：【考点1】名词性从句中引导词that与hat的使用场合。1．that引导名词性从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用；而hat是连接代词，在从句中充当成分。①______adetheshlprudas_______rethan90%fthestudentshadbeenadittedteuniversities(2003上海春季)Ahat/beauseBhat/thatThat/hatDThat/beause2．that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略,但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第二个从句以下的that不可省略。如：Shesaid(that)shehadleftshlandthatherparentsuldfindherab②rdes________agrupfAustralianguestsilletvisiturshlnexteeAthatBhih不填Dabuthih (200天津·2月)3．介词后的宾语从句常用hat，hether引导，不用that，hih引导。但在介词besides，exept，in后可用that引导宾语从句。在有it作先行词时，that可用引导介词后的宾语从句。③Thetherda,brtherdrvehisardnthestreetat____IthughtasadangerusspeedAasBhihhatDthat(2004上海春季)【考点2】名词性从句中引导词hether与if的用法区别。引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句可以互换的场合：Heisntsureif/hetherheananagetdit当与rnt分开使用时Henderedif/hethereillattendtheeetingr nt引导表语从句、同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句只能用hether不能用if的场合：引导介词后的宾语从句（有时可省略）后面紧跟rnt时后面直接跟动词不定式时④_____theflighttNerillbedelaedis____I’espeiallrriedabut(2003南京)AIf;hatBhether;thathen;thatDhether;hat【考点3】在动词：一坚持（insist）、二命令（rder，and）、三建议（suggest，advise，prpse）、四要求（deand，require，request，as）后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用（shuld）d形式。⑤Iadvisedthathe_____tthehspitalatne,butheinsistedthathe_____quiteell thenAbesent;asfeelingBassent;sentbesent;feelDshuldbesent;shuldfeel(200年东·2月)【考点4】名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序，宾语从句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致。⑥Theareteahersanddn’trealize______tstartandrunapan(2004黄冈)Ahattaesit　　Bhatthetae　　hattaesthe　Dhatittaes【考点】hever，hihever，hatever，henever，herever和hever在引导名词性从句时不可与natterh/hih/hat/hen/here/h替换，因为后者只能引导让步状语从句。⑦——Haveanietrip!——ThansI’lltelephneufr_____Igettbtrrevening(2004广州)AhereverBeverplaeheneverDnatter here二．定语从句：定语从句三步：第一找出先行词（被修饰的那个名词或代词）；第二看从句缺少什么成份（如主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的引导词。从句中所缺成份指人指物主语thaththathih宾语(thathh)(that hih)时间状语hen=相应的介词+hih地点状语here=相应的介词+hih---的hse或fhih注意：引导词在介词后，指人只能用h 指物只能用hih基础知识训练：Ⅰ改错：1、Hetldusabuttheuntriesherehehadvisited2、Egptisauntrhereisfausfritspraids3、hinaistheuntrhihhespentthebestpartfhislife4、Thedashenespenttgetheranntbeeasilfrgtten、Thehusestandsattheplaethatthetradseet6、eshallvisitthellegeherehisfatherteahesthere7、Inthereasnthatshelssrried8、Heleftetheb,thatisverusefulfre9、Thisistherhihfdisept10、April1,1976isthedahene’llnever frget11、TheanaeesterdaisurEnglishteaher12、Inthestudentaspraisedattheeetinglastee13、ThisisallhihIandfru14、anuthinfanneh’shuseashere?1、Theaththattherbughtitfrersverell16、Thisisthenlbthaterebrredfrthelibrar17、Thedahihshehadtleavearrivedatlast18、Thedtrhtheanttseehavee19、Duntheunganhhasbeenhsenhairan?20、Theparstandsattheplaethatthetriverseet21、Aplaneisaahinean fl22、Itisnefthebestpitureshihhavebeensld23、Thsethatantstgputupurhands24、Thisisthenifeiththatthedtrdidtheperatin2、histheanhusaidhellustn?ⅡFillintheblans：1、Thisistheprfessrtaughteheistrin19802、Thehspitalasbuiltfiveearsaghasbeendernized3、Thisisthebfatherdiedthreeearsag4、Thefilesathedabefreesterdaisverinteresting、Dunthestudentaspraisedattheeeting?6、1949istheearthePeple’sRepublifhinaas funded7、Therinafatraesradiparts8、Therinafatrradipartsareade9、Thisisthevisinphnethrugheanseeandtalturfriends10、Hereareplaersfrapan,sefareurldfriends11、Shelivesinasallvillage,isnlthreeilesfrhere12、SheisgingtspendthesuerhlidasinShanghai,shehassefriends13、e’llputfftheeetingtillnextee,en’tbesbus14、Thesungivestheearthlightandheat,isveriprtanttthelivingthings1、Thseanttgttheputerrriteurnaeshere16、Heasftenlate,adehisteaherver angr17、histhepersnisstandingatthegate?18、Hetaledabuttheteahersandshlshehadvisited【答案】：1、here－that2、here－hih3、hih-here4、hen—thathih、that—here6、去掉there7、that—h8、that—hih9、hih—here10、hen—hihthat11、an后面加h12、students后面加h13、hih—that14、h’s—hse1、去掉it16、ere—as17、hih—hen18、have—has19、h—h20、that—here 21、ahine后面加hihthat22、hih—that23、ants—ant24、that—hih2、h—that1、h/that2、hih/that3、hse4、hih/that、h/that6、hen7、hih/that8、here9、hih10、h11、hih12、here13、hen14、hih1、h16、hih17、that 18、that高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面：【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词hih引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，从意义上说，是对主语的补充说明，从结构上看，先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开，HeaesgreatprgressinhisEnglishlearning,hihaeshistherverhapp⑧Ishallneverfrgettheda_____ShenzhuVaslaunhed,_____hasagreateffetnlifeAhen;hih　Bthat;hih　hih;that　Dhen;that(2004北京东城)【考点7】关系代词that，h，hih以及as的用法区别。指人时常只用h不用that的情况；指物时只用hih不用that的情况；只用that不用hih的情况；关系代词as与hih的用法区别；thesae…that…与thesae…as …的区别:1其中that,h(h)，都可以指人，那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。[本条记忆技巧：用h不用that的情况“therebe”“ne，nes，anne，nbd,thse”被分割。那里有(there)很多万(ne)被那些人(thse)分割。]<1>先行词为thse,ne,anne,nbd等词时，用h不用that,例如：ThenehnseellisT<2>在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词是人，用h不用that,例：AneteaherillehillteahuGeran在本句中，先行词“teaher”和修饰限定它的从句“hillteahuGeran”分离，所以我们用h不用that。<3>先行词为“therebe”结构的主语时，例如Thereisaanhantstseeu在本句子当中aan是Thereisaan这句当中的主语，所以用h不用that2其中，that和hih都可以指物，它们在指物时的区别：用that不用hih<1>先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词,all,ever,little,n,an,uh,thenl,thever,thelast等修饰时，例如：Ihavereadallthebsthatugavee<2>先行词为all,fe,nthing,everthing,little,uh等不定代词时：Hedidallthatheulddthelp us<3>主语以h或hih开头时histheanthatustalleduustn?<4>关系代词在从句中做表语时hinaisnttheuntrthatisas<>既指人又指物时Hetaledabuttheteahersandshlsthathehadvisited2,先行词表示物时,用hih不用that的情况<1>引导非限制性定语从句时,例如:Sheheardaterriblenise,hihbrughtherhearttheruth<2>当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:Herteabinhihheuldlearnabuthislife在上一例句中,引导词“hih”作了介词“in”的宾语,所以不可以用“that”代替关于as1在一些结构，如“suh…as”“thesae…as”“as…as”等结构中，定语从句的引导词经常要用到as，例如ThisisntsuhabasIexpetedthesaeas和thesaethat的区别。例句：ThisisthesaetlasIusedlast tieThisisthesaetlthatIusedlasttie在例句中，第一句的意思是这个工具和我上次用的一样，但是第二句的意思是这就是我上次用的工具2as和hih的比较相同点：两者都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词都可以是整个句子，都可以在从句中做主语，宾语表语。不同点:<1>as引导的从句可以放在句首和句尾，而hih引导的从句只可放在句尾。<2>as还有正如、正象的意思。Asarxpintedut,labrreatedanhiself当先行词，虽然表示时间地点，但是引导词在从句中不是做状语，而是做宾语时，不能用hen,here引导，而只能用that,hih等引导。比较以下两个句字：IillneverfrgetthedashenIfirstenttBeiingIillneverfrgetthedasthat(hih)espenttgether⑨Thereisnsuhplae___udreafinallthisrld(2004北京西城·月)AthatBhathihD as【考点8】区别that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句。that引导同位语从句时，that是纯连词，在从句中不充当任何成分；that引导定语从句时，that是关系代词，在从句中充当主语或宾语等。比较：ThenesthatthehadnthegaearrivedsnThenesthatutldeesterdaistrue⑩Isthisthereasn_____attheeetingfrhisarelessnessinhisr?(2002上海春季)AheexplainedBhatheexplainedhheexplainedDhheexplained【考点9】定语从句中谓语动词须与先行词在人称与数上保持一致。⑾Heisthenlnefthestudentsh________ainnerfshlarshipinthreeearsAisBarehavebeenDhas been　　(2002上海春季)【考点10】在先行词为tie，plae，reasn时，常可用that代替hen，here，h，并常常省去。如：Thatasthereasn(that)/h/frhihhelefthe⑿hatsurprisedeasnthathesaidbut_______hesaidit　(2004湖北)AtheaBintheathatintheaDtheahih【考点11】定语从句应特别注意的几个问题Ⅰ．关系代词hih例1．TheGreensillveintthenehusenextnda,＿＿＿＿＿itillbepletelfinished．A．bthetie　　B．bhihtie　．thatD．hih例2．aterbilsat100℃,＿＿＿＿＿ithangestgas．　A．athihteperature　B．athih　．bhihteperature　D．bhih析：hih引导定语从句时，在从句中除了作主语或宾语外，还可以作定语修饰名词，常用于“介词＋hih＋名词”结构中，相当于“and＋介词＋this／that＋名词”。所以例1选B；例2选A。Ⅱ ．关系副词hen例1．uldusuggestatie＿＿＿＿＿ituldfitutvisitusandtruttheahine﹖例2．Thinfatie＿＿＿＿＿uerehappiest．(Senir3,L93)例3．Thereasatie＿＿＿＿＿allsientistsereillingtsharetheirresults．（Senir3,L3）A．thatB．hen．hihD．here析：当先行词为atie(一段时间)时，引导定语从句的关系词常用hen，而不采用that，故以上例题均选B。在我们本中类似的句子还有：①Thisasatatiehenthereasnradi,TVrinea．(Senir2,L70)②It’sabutatiehenthereereblaslavesinNrthAeria．(Senir1,L3)Ⅲ．关系代词but例：Thereisnne＿＿＿＿＿ishespeae．A．hB．but．thatD．h析：本题句意为“没有人不希望和平。”but作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。but相当于h／thatdn’t／desn’t，but本身含有否定意义。故本题选B。Ⅳ．定语从句与强调句及其他从句的混合例1．Itasinthesallhuse＿＿＿＿asbuiltithstnesbhisfather＿＿＿＿hespenthishildhd．A．hihthatB．thathere　．hihhihD． herethat析：分析句子结构可知，本句的主句为强调句型，第一空应由关系代词引导定语从句修饰先行词huse。故本题选A。例2．Theeetingasputff,＿＿＿＿asexatl＿＿＿＿eanted．A．hihhihB．asthat．hihhatD．itthat析：由题意可知，第一空应由关系代词hih引导非限制性定语从句，第二空应由hat引导表语从句。故本题选。【趋势】近几年高考对名词性从句的考查日趋灵活，多以考查名词性从句的引导词为主，并且常与定语从句和状语从句等相关知识结合起考查。【各个击破】09高考题（09安徽）1AgdfriendfinefrIasbrnshedupatherightbefreIleftfrBeiingAhBhhenDhih（09安徽）2anhildren，parentsareaaringinbigities，aretaengd arefinthevillageAtheirBhseftheDithh（09北京）3—hatduthinfteaher,Bb？—IfinditfunandhallengingItisab___uaredingsethingseriusbutinterestingAhereBhihhenDthat（09福建）4It’shelpfultputhildreninasituatintheanseetheselvesdifferentlAthatBhenhihDhere（09湖南）．IasbrninNerleans,Luisiana,aitnaeillreateapiturefbeautifultreesandgreengrassinurindAhihBfhihthatD hse（09江西）6ThehuseIgreup________hasbeentaendnandreplaedbanffiebuildingAinitBininthatDinhih（09海南）7Shebrughtithherthreefriends,nnefIhadeveretbefreAtheBhhDthese（09东）8heneverIether,_________asfairlften,shegreetedeithaseetsileAhBhihhenDthat（09陕西）9GunntrlisasubetAerianshavearguedfralngtieAfhihBithhihabuthihDinthih（09四川）10She’llneverfrgetherstathere________shefundher snhhadgneissingtearsbefreAthatBhihhereDhen（09天津）11Apersn______e-ailauntisfulln’tbeabletsendrreeiveane-ailsAhBhhseDhever（09天津）12ItravelttheBinhaiNeAreablightrailaeverda,_____danbusinessenhliveindntnTianinAasBhihhenDthugh（09浙江）13．Ihavereahedapintinlife______IasuppsedtaedeisinsfnAhihBherehDh（09重庆）14Lifeisliealngrae_____epeteiththerstgbendurselvesAhB hatthatDhere（09全国2）1friendshederundthetn,asverindfhiAhihBthathereDit（09安徽）16aertaindubtangthepepleastthepratialvaluefthepretAIthasBThehaveItreainsDTherereains（09湖南）17．SheisverdeartusehavebeenpreparedtdittaestsaveherlifeAhiheverBheverhateverDhever（09江西）18Thefathasrriedansientists______theearthisbeingarerandarerthese earsAhatBhihthatDthugh（09海南）19uldIspeatisinhargefInternatinalSalesplease?AhBhatheverDhatever（09陕西）20ThehtbanbefhelptantstdthebAhBhevernatterhDhever（09海南）21nefthestiprtantquestinsthehadtnsiderasfpublihealthAhatBthisthatDhih（09上海）22Asanediplat,heftenthinsfheanreatreapprpriatelnsuh asinsAhatBhihthatDh（09四川）23Nesaefrtheshlffie________angLinhadbeenadittedtBeiingUniversitAhihBhatthatDhere（09天津）24Itisbviustthestudents______theshuldgetellpreparedfrtheirfutureAasBhihhetherDthat（09浙江）2．－Isthereanpssibilit______uuldpieupattheairprt?－NprbleAhenBthathetherDhat（09重庆）26eshuldnsiderthestudents’request___theshllibrarprviderebsnppularsieneAthatB henhihDhere（09江苏）27anungpepleintheestareexpetedtleave__uldbelife’sstiprtantdeisin—arriage—alstentireluptluAasBthathihDhat（09东）28Thelittlegirlhgtlstdeidedtreain_________sheasandaittrhertherAhereBhathDh08高考题(一)01、(08全国卷II’16)Theradnditinsthereturneduttbevergd,___asrethaneuldexpetAitBhathihDthat 02、(08北京卷’28)I’llgiveufriend’sheaddress,IanbereahedsteveningsAhihBhenhDhere03、(08上海卷’38)eentthrughaperid______uniatinsereverdiffiultintheruralareasAhihBhseinhihDithhih04、(08上海春卷’38)37Villagersheredependnthefishingindustr，_________theren’tbeuhrAhereBthatbhihDithuthih0、(08重庆卷’21)Theillfltashingtn,theplantstafrtrthreedasAhereBtherehihDhen06、(08东卷’26)asinsarequiterare______Ihavethetietspendadaith idsAhBhihhDhen07、(08江苏卷’24)TheSieneuseu,_____evisitedduringareenttriptBritain,isnefLndn’sturistattratinsAhihBhatthatDhere08、(08江西卷’3)Laterinthishapterasesillbeintrduedtreaders__nsuerplaintshaveresultedinhangesinthelaAhereBhenhDhih09、(08安徽卷’26)Alltheneighbradirethisfail,______theparentsaretreatingtheirhildlieafriendAhBherehihDthat10、(08浙江卷’08)esterdashesldherar,______shebughtanthagAhBherethatD hih11、(08湖南卷’31)Thegringspeedfaplantisinfluenedbanuberffatrs,_____arebendurntrlstftheBstfhihstfhatDstfthat12、(08陕西卷’13)Theanpulledutagldath,ereadefsalldiandsAthehandsfhBhthehandsfhihthehandsfDthehandsfhih13、(08四川卷’04)Franitiesintherld,thereisnrtspreadurfurther,____NerisanexapleAfrhihBinhihfhihDfrhih14、(08福建卷’31)Bnine’l,allthelpitrhbearershadreahedthetpfuntQlanga,____appearedararerainbsnAfhihBnhihfrhihDabve hih08年高考题（二）01、(08全国卷I’2)Thelaerseldearsanthingtherthanasuit______theseasnisAhateverBhereverheneverDhever02、(08北京卷’30)Thepaniesareringtgethertreatethehpeillbethebesteansftransprtinthe21stenturAhihBthathatDh03、(08上海春卷’33)Thenes_____urathletesnanthergldedalasreprtedinesterda’snespaperAhihBhetherhatDthat04、(08上海春卷’40)______earesureabutistheneedtpreventhildrenfrbeingspiledAhatBhihhetherDThat 0、(08上海卷’34)Ashisbestfriend,Ianaeaurateguessesabut_____heilldrthinAhatBhihhDthat06、(08上海卷’36)Ithasbeenprved____eatingvegetablesinhildhdhelpstprtetuagainstseriusillnessinlaterlifeAifBbeausehenDthat07、(08天津卷’12)Thelasttieehadgreatfunas_____eerevisitingtheaterParAhereBhhenDh08、(08重庆卷’2)PepleinhngqingareprudfthehaveahievedinthepasttenearsAthatBhihhatDh09、(08东卷’23)______asstiprtantther,shetlde,asher failAItBThishatDAs10、(08安徽卷’29)Studentsarealasinterestedinfindingut_____theangithaneteaherAhfarBhsnhftenDhlng11、(08浙江卷’04)______antststainahtelhastpatheirnaAAnneBTheneheverDh12、(08浙江卷’06)Sehildrenantthallengetheselvesblearningalanguagedifferentfr___theirparentsspeaatheAhatBthathihDne13、(08湖南卷’29)henased_____theneededst,theidssaidtheantedtfeeliprtantandlvedAhatBhhD hih14、(08陕西卷’08)TrrisT’sbirthdaHaveugtanideathepartistbeheld?AhatBhihthatDhere1、(08福建卷’27)_____isnntusallisthatthe2008lpiGaesilltaeplaeinBeiingAItBhatAsDhih07高考题（一）1Hisvienseveralaardsatthefilfestival,______asbendhisildestdrea[上海卷]AhihBthathereDit2—heredidugettnher?—Itasnthefar_________ered[2007东卷] A．thatB．there．hihD．here3Lastee,nltpepleaetlatthehuse,_______antedtbuit[2007安徽卷]AnneftheBbthfthennefhDneitherfh4eshuldn’tspenturnetestingsanpeple,stf_____arehealth[2007北京卷]AthatBhihhatDhBservingthers,apersnfusesnsenetherthanhiselfrherself,___________anbeveree-peningandrearding[2007湖南卷]AhBhihhatDthat6Heaseduatedatthelalhighshl,______heentntBeiingUniversit[2007江苏卷]AafterhihBafterthatinhihDin that7Aftergradutatinshereahedapintinherareetsheheededtdeinhattd[江西卷]AthatBhathihDhere8Sepre-shlhildrengtadaareenter,______thelearnsiplegaesandsngs[全国]AthenBtherehileDhere9Tda,e’lldisussanuberfasesbeginnersfEnglishfailtusethelanguageprperl[2007陕西卷]AhihBashDhere10Thethughtfgingbaheasepthihapphileheasringabrad．[上海春]A．thatB．allthat．allhatD．hih11Itisreprtedthattshls，____arebeingbuiltinhetn，illpennextear [四川卷]A．thebthB．hihbth．bthftheD．bthfhih12Thsesuessfuldeafdanersthinthatdaningisanativit________sightattersrethanhearing[2007天津卷]AhenBhsehihDhere13han’srestaurantnBaerStreet,______usedtbeprlrun,isnasuessfulbusiness[2007浙江卷]AthatBhihhDhere14Huanfaialexpressinsdifferfrthsefanialsinthedegree______theanbentrllednpurpse[2007重庆卷]AithhihBthihfhihDfrhih1Erireeivedtraininginputerfrneear,_____hefundabinabigpan[辽宁卷]AafterthatBafterhihafteritDafter this07高考题（二）1____attersstinlearningEnglishisenughpratie[2007全国卷II]AhatBhhereDhih2______hereferredtinhisartileasunnntthegeneralreader[2007上海卷]AThatBhathetherDhere3Thetraditinalvieis____esleepbeauseurbrainis“prgraed”taeusds[上海卷]AhenBhhetherDthat4uldIspeat---------isinhargefInternatinalSales,please?[2007东卷]A．anneB．sene．heverD．natterhuannlbesuref_________uhaveatpresent;uanntbesurefsething_____uightgetinthefuture[2007 安徽卷]Athat;hatBhat;/hih;thatD/;that6—here’sthatreprt?—Ibrughtittu____uereinrBla’sffieesterda[2007北京卷]AifBhenbeauseDbefr7ItisnnefurbusinesstherpeplethinabutuBelieveurself[福建卷]AhBhathihDhen8Havingheedthedrserelsed,and_________allthelightsereff,thebpenedthedrthisbedr[2007湖南卷]AhBthathenDhere9hsingtherightditinardependsn___uanttuseitfr[2007江苏卷]AhatBhhD hether10parentssaanddhasalife-lngeffetntheirhildren[2007陕西卷]AThatBhihhatDAs11Biprvingreadingsills,uanreadfasterandunderstandrefuread．[上海春]A．thatB．hat．hih　　　　　D．hether12Theseasideheredrasaltfturistseversuerarsunshineandsftsandsae________itis[2007天津卷]AhatBhihhDhere13hnttrurlidntn,Bb?That’s______thebestbsare[2007浙江卷]AhereBhathenDh 06年高考题1---29---uldudeafavur?---Itdependsn______itis(北京)AhihBhiheverhatDhatever2---31en_______drinrethantupsfffeeadahaveagreaterhanefhavingheartdiseasethanthse________dn’t(北京)Ah;不填B不填;hh;hD不填表;不填3---23Seetheflagsntpfthebuilding?Thatas_____edidthisrning(全国1)AhenBhihhereDhat4---33Pleasereinde______hesaidheasgingIabeintietseehiff(全国1)AhereBhenhDhat ---16–hatdidurparentsthinabuturdeisin?–Thealasleted_______IthinIshuld(全国3)AhenBthathDhat6---22Lut!Dn’tgettlsetthehuse______rfisunderrepair(福建)AhseBhihfhihDhat7---29Thenerftheineaneededtaealtfiprveentsandeplrepepleteepitrunning,______eantspendingtensfthusandsfpunds（江苏）AhBthatasDhih8---3ehaven’tsettledthequestinf______itisneessarfrhitstudabrad（江苏）AifBherehetherDthat9---33．——Duhaveanthingtsafrurselves? ——es，tber’snepinteustinsistn．(江西)A．hB．here．hD．/10---23Enginesaretahines____heartsaretanials(东)AasBthathatDhih11----26e’reusttringtteahapint____bthsidesillsitdntgetherandtal(东)AhereBthathenDhih12----27____teainsnSaturdaillgthrughtthenatinalhapinships(东)ANatterhatBNatterhihhateverDhihever13----32Iustnder____thataeshisexited(东)AhitdesBhathedeshitisDhatitis14----23---,hatdidurdtr sa?---Headvisedetlivetheairisfresher(四川)AinhereBinhihtheplaehereDhere1---30---It’sthirtearssineelastet---ButIstillreeberthestr,believeitrnt,egtlstnarainnight(四川)AhihBthathatDhen16----4_______isurbeliefthatiprveentsinhealthareillleadtastrnger,reprsperusen（浙江）AAsBThatThisDIt17---13Iasgiventhreebsning,thefirst_______Ireallened（浙江）AfthatBfhihthatDhih18----34IsaaanrunningtardeinthedarBefreIuldregnizehsheas，shehadrunbainthediretin______shehade（重庆）AfhihBbhihinhihDfrhih19----33Dris’suessliesinthefat___sheis-perativeandeagertlearnfrthers （上海）AhihBthathenDh20----3Davidsaidthatitasbeausefhisstrnginterestinliterature___hehsetheurse（上海春）AthatBhathDh21---37uanfindhateveruneedattheshppingentre,___isalasbusattheeeend（上海春）AthatBherehatDhih22---27____teainsnSaturdaillgthrughtthenatinalhapinships（东）ANatterhatBNatterhihhateverDhihever23----32Iustnder____thataeshisexited（东）AhitdesBhathedeshitisDhatitis24----2Iastldthatthereereabut0freignstudentshineseintheshl,st erefrGeran（辽宁）Astud;fhBstud;fthe　studing;ftheDstuding;fh2---30aesthisshpdifferentisthatitffersrepersnalservies（辽宁）AhatBhhateverDhever26----Ifuaretravelingtheustsarereallfreignturn,pleasedastheRansd（天津）AinhihBhathenDhere27----12TheBeatles,anfuareldenughtreeber,aefrLiverpl（天津）AhatBthathDas28----14ThereisuhhaneBillillreverfrhisinurintiefrtherae （天津）AthatBhihuntilDif第十二讲 非谓语动词概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、分词、动名词（一）动词不定式动词不定式：（t）+d，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。1、不定式的形式：主动被动一般式t ritetberitten进行式tbe riting/完成式thaverittenthavebeenritten否定式：nt+(t)d1）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：ThebpretendedtberinghardHeseestbereadinginhisr2）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：Iregrettedthavetlda lieIhappenedthaveseenthefilHeispleasedthaveethisfriend2、不定式的句法功能：1）作主语：TfinishtherinteninutesisverhardTlseurhearteansfailure动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：ItisverhardtfinishtherinteninutesIteansfailuretlseurheart2）作表语：HerbistleanthehallHeappearsthaveaughta ld3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：ant,hpe,ish,ffer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,anage,help,agree,prise,prefer,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：arxfunditiprtanttstudthesituatininRussia动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：IhavenhiebuttstahereHedidnthinglastSundabutrepairhisbie动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：HegaveusseadvienhtlearnEnglish4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:ant,ish,as,tell,rder,beg,perit,help,advise,persuade,all, prepare,ause,fre,alln,aitfr,invite此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：ithaltfrtd,hedidn’tgttheinea有些动词如ae,let,see,ath,hear,feel,have等与不带有t的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加t,如：IsahirsstheradHeasseentrsstherad）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：A）动宾关系：Ihaveaeetingt attend注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：HefundagdhusetliveinThehildhasnthingtrrabuthatdidupenitith?如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Haveugtanthingtsent?Haveugtanthingtbesent?B）说明所修饰名词的内容：ehaveadeaplantfinishthe r）被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：Heisthefirsttgethere6）作状语：A）表目的：HereddaandnighttgettheneShesldherhairtbutheathhain注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：rng：Tsavene,evereanshasbeentriedright:Tsavene,hehastriedevereansrng：TlearnEnglishell,aditinarisneededright:TlearnEnglishell,heneedsaditinarB）表结果：Hearrivedlatetfindthetrain gne常用nl放在不定式前表示强调：Ivisitedhinltfindhiut）表原因：TheereversadthearthenesD）表程度：It’stdarfrustseeanthingThequestinissiplefrhitanser7）作独立成分：Ttelluthetruth,Idn’tlietheahetaled8）不定式的省略：保留t省略d动词。Ifudn’tanttdit,udn’tneed t9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略t。Heishedtstudediineandbeeadtr（二）动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1、动名词的形式：语态 式主动语态被动语态一般式dingbeingdne完成式havingdnehavingbeendne否定式：nt+动名词1）否定式：nt+动名词Iregretntfllinghisadvie 我后悔没听他的劝告。2）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词Hesuggestedurtringitneagain他建议我们再试一次。HisntningEnglishtrubledhialt他不懂英语给他带许多麻烦。2、动名词的句法功能：1）作主语：Readingaludisverhelpful朗读是很有好处的。lletingstapsisinteresting集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。It’snusequarrelling争吵是没用的。2）作表语：Intheantit,thequeen’sbislaingeggs 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。3）作宾语：Thehaven’tfinishedbuildingtheda他们还没有建好大坝。ehavetpreventtheairfrbeingplluted我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：efunditngdaingfunfthers我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：en,finish,suggest,avid（避免）,exuse,dela,iagine,eep,iss,nsider,adit（承认），den（否认）,ind,perit,frbid,pratise,ris（冒险）,appreiate（感激）,bebus,berth,feellie,an’tstand,an’thelp,thinf,dreaf,befndf,prevent…(fr),eep…fr,stp…（fr）,prtet…fr,setabut,beengagedin,spend…(in),sueedin,beusedt,lfrardt,bett,paattentint,insistn,feel lie4）作定语：Hean’talithutaaling-sti他没有拐杖不能走路。Isthereasiingplinurshl你们学校有游泳池吗？）作同位语：Theave,hishiding-plaeisseret那个洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。Hishabit,listeningtthenesntheradireainsunhanged 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。（三）现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。1、现在分词的形式：现在及物动词 rite（与动名词结构一样）不及物动词g（无被动）分词主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式ritingbeing rittenging完成式havingrittenhavingbeenrittenhavinggne否定式：nt+ 现在分词1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：Theenttthepar,singingandtaling他们边唱边说向公园走去。Havingdnehisher,heplaedbaset-ball做完作业，他开始打兰球。2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。Theprblebeingdisussedisveriprtant正在被讨论的问题很重要。Havingbeentldanties,thenaughtbadethesaeistae 被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。2、现在分词的句法功能：1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。Inthefllingearsheredevenharder在后的几年中，他学习更努力了。Theanspeaingttheteaherisurnitr’sfather正与老师谈话的人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：inthefllingears也可用intheearsthatflled,theanspeaing可改为theanhisspeaing2）现在分词作表语：Thefilbeingshnintheineaisexiting正在这家上演的电影很棒。Thepresentsituatinisinspiring当前的形势鼓舞人心。be+ding既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be+ ding表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,ath,hear,feel,find,get,eep,ntie,bserve,listent,lat,leave,ath等。例如：anuhearhersingingthesnginthenextr?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？Heeptthearaitingatthegate他让小汽车在门口等着。4）现在分词作状语：A）作时间状语：(hile)ringinthefatr,heasanadvanedrer在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。B）作原因状语：BeingaLeagueeber,heisalashelpingthers 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。）作方式状语，表示伴随：Hestaedathe,leaningandashing他呆在家里，又擦又洗。D）作条状语：(If)Plaingallda,uillasteurvaluabletie要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。E）作结果状语：Hedrppedtheglass,breaingitintpiees他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。F）作目的状语：Heentsiingthetherda几天前他去游泳了。G）作让步状语：Thughrainingheavil,itlearedupversn 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。H）与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Iaitingfrthebus,abirdfellnhead我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。Allthetietshavingbeensldut,theentaadisappintedl所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Tieperitting,e’lldanthertexerises如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用ith(ithut)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式iththelightsburning,hefellasleep他点着灯睡着了。H）作独立成分：udgingfr(b)hisappearane,heustbeanatr从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generallspeaing,girlsarereareful 一般说，女孩子更细心。（四）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词的句法功能：1、过去分词作定语：urlassentnanrganizedtriplastnda上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Thseeletedasitteeebersillattendtheeeting 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。2、过去分词作表语：Theindisbren窗户破了。Theerefrightenedatthesadsight他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：Theindisbren（系表）Theindasbrenbtheb（被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：biledater（开水）fallenleaves（落叶）nelarrivedgds（新到的货）therisensun（升起的太阳）thehangedrld（变了的世界）这类过去分词有：gne,e,fallen,risen,hanged,arrived,returned, passed等。3、过去分词作宾语补足语：Iheardthesngsungseveraltieslastee上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词做ith短语中的宾语补足语：iththerdne,theentuttpla工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。4、过去分词作状语：Praisedbtheneighburs,hebeaethepridefhisparents受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）neseen,itanneverbefrgtten一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Givenretie,I’llbeabletditbetter如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条）Thughtldfthedanger,hestillrisedhislifetsavetheb 虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）Filledithhpesandfears,heenteredtheave心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进洞。、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Allbsreturnedattheendftheter,thelibrarassistantassatisfied所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。Thefieldplughed,hebegantspreadseed地耕好了，他开始撒种子。非谓语动词用法对比知识要点：1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：lletinginfratinabuthildren’shealthishisb 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It’sneessartdisusstheprbleithanexperienedteaher与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：（1）It’sdiffiult(iprtant,neessar)frsbtd（2）It’sind(gd,friendl,plite,areless,rude,ruel,lever,flish,brave)fsbtd3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’sngd(use,fun)dingIt’s(a)asteftie（ne’s）dingIt’srthhileding4、动名词作need,ant,require,berth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。Theashing-ahineneedsrepairing（或用：needstbe repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。Thepintantsreferringt这一点要提到。ThisEnglishnvelisrthreading这本英小说值得一读。ThesituatininRussianrequiredstuding俄国形式需要研究。、有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，又可跟动名词作宾语，注意它们的不同意思。dingsth tdsthreeber记得做过某事，（动作已发生）记得去做某事（动作未发生） frget忘了做过某事（动作已发生）忘了去做某事（动作未发生） regret后悔过去做过的事遗憾地去做事ean意味着做某事意欲、打算做某事 tr试着做某事（看会发生什么）努力、设法、企图做某事stp停止做某事停下去做另一事g n继续原的事接着做另一事an’ thelp禁不住、情不自禁地做某事无法帮助去做某事learn学会做某事学着、开始学做某事need/ant/require某事需要被做（=tbe dne）需要做某事（主动意思）6、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后将要发生的动作。例如：Hehadaltfrtd他有很多活要干。7、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词正在进行的动作。aalingsti拐杖（动名词做定语，意为astifraling）asleepingar卧铺车厢（动名词做定语，意为aarfrsleeping）therisingsun正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为thesunhihasrising）thehangingrld变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为therldhihis hanging）8、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：aflingbirdtherunningateraelldressedan衣着讲究的女士（意同aanhisdressedell）aarparedatthegate停在门口的小汽车（意同aarhihasparedatthegate）9、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：Hehurriedhenltfindhisnestlen他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）Taehiselfheard,heraisedhisvie为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语）Allfusaresurprisedtseehisrapidprgress 看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)10、分词做状语可表示时间、条、原因、伴随、让步、方式：Seenfrthetpfthehill,thetnisbeautiful从上看，这座城市很美。（条状语）ingintther,hefundhisfatherangr当走进房时，他发现父亲生气了。（时间状语）Beingtired,theentnring虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）Havingbeenhitbthebigbnthense,thelittlebbegantr由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）Heputafingerinhisuth,tasteditandsiled,lingratherpleased 他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起挺高兴。（伴随状语）【专项训练】：09高考题（09安徽）1TheplanextnthaisainltrefletthelalultureAprduedBbeingprduedtbeprduedDhavingbeenprdued（09北京）2Frbreafasthenldrinsuiefrfreshfruit_____nhisnfarAgrnBbeinggrntbegrnDtgr（09北京）3Theatheguests_____inthehtelinfluenedtheirevaluatinftheservieAtreatedBeretreateduldtreatDuldbetreated（09北京）4Allfthetrtusetheperftherstatin___infratininareeffetivea ApresentingBpresentedbeingpresentedDtpresent（09北京）___tie,thepstanrefusedtdeliverurlettersunlessehainedurdgABeingbittenBBittenHavingbittenDTbebitten（09福建）6nttisstheflightat1:20,theanagersetutfrtheairprtinahurrAReindingBReindedTreindDHavingreinded（09福建）7InApril,2009,PresidentHuinspetedthearshipsinQingda,the60thanniversarfthefundingfthePLANavAaringBaredhavingaredDbeingared（09湖南）8．henhethedr,hefundhiseserenhereAuldpenBpenedhadpenedDast pen（09湖南）9．Attheagef29,Daveasarer,inasallapartentnearBstnand______hattdabuthisfutureAliving;nderingBlived;nderinglived;nderedDliving;ndered（09湖南）10NadaspeplesetiesseparatetheirastetaeiteasierfritAreusingBreusedreusesDtbereused（09湖南）11Pleasedeafavr—______friendrSithtuthTheaterat7:30tnightAtinviteBinvitinginviteDinvited（09江西）12_________therightindftraining,theseteenageserplaersanedagretheinternatinalstarsAGivingBHavinggivenTgiveDGiven（09江西）13Thegvernentplanstbringinnelas_____parentsttae rerespnsibilitfrtheeduatinftheirhildrenAfredBfringtbefredDhavingfred（09海南）14ThehildrenallturnedthefausatressassheenteredthelassrAledatBtlattlingatDlat(09海南)1Nthate’vedisussedutprble,arepeplehappiththedeisins?AtaingBtaetaenDttae（09东）16eareinvitedtapart_________inurlubnextFridaAtbeheldBheldbeingheldDhlding（09陕西）17。IstillreeberttheFaenTepleandhatIsathere AttaeBtbetaentaingDbeingtaen（09上海）18Asallplanerashedintahillsidefiveileseastftheit,_____allfurpeplenbardAilledBillingillsDtill（09上海）19iththegvernent’said,thse_____btheearthquaehavevedtthenesettleentsAaffetBaffetingaffetedDereaffeted（09上海）20Billsuggested_____aeetingnhattdfrtheShanghaiExpduringthevaatinAhavingheldBthldhldingDhld（09四川）21Ladiesandgentleen,pleasereain__________untiltheplanehasetapletestpAseatedBseatingtseatD seat（09上海）22DavidthreatenedhisneighburttheplieifthedaageserentpaidAtbereprtedBreprtingtreprtDhavingreprted（09四川）23Hetldushether_________apiniasstillunderdisussinAthaveBhavinghaveDhad（09四川）24________anties,hefinallunderstditATldBTellingHavingtldDHavingbeentld（09天津）2______thepretintie,thestaffereringateeendsApetingBHavingpletedThavepletedDTplete（09天津）26____btheadvanesintehnlg,anfarershavesetupindfarsntheir landABeingenuragedBEnuragingEnuragedDHavingenuraged（09浙江）27．_____andshrtfbreath,AndandRuberethefirsttreahthetpfuntTaiAthe;aBTiredTiringDBeingtired（09浙江）28．Thereisagreatdealfevidene_______thatusiativitiesengagedifferentpartsfthebrainAindiateBindiatingtindiateDtbeindiating（09重庆）29ihael’snehuseislieahugepalae,______ithhisldneAparingBparestpareDpared（09重庆）30iththerldhangingfast,ehavesethingneithallb urselveseverdaAdealBdealttdealDdealing（09全国2）31TheuseputersteepthetraffisthlAbeingrunBruntrunDrunning（09江苏）32Shlsarsshinaareexpetedthire0,000llegegraduatesthisearasshrt-terteahers,alstthreetiesthenuberhiredlastear,redueuneplentpressuresAhelpBthavehelpedthelpDhavinghelped（09江苏）33Distinguishedguestsandfriends,eleturshl,theerenfthe0thAnniversarthisrningareuraluni(校友)frheandabradAAttendBTattendAttendingDHaving attended08高考题01、(08全国卷I’21)—uldulietinefraquilunhbefrelass?—____,butIprisedNantgutithherAI’dlietBIlieitIdn’tDIill02、(08全国卷I’26)IliegettingupverearlinsuerTherningairissgd_____AtbebreathedBtbreathebreathingDbeingbreathed03、(08全国卷II’12)Thediretrhadherassistant___sehtdgsfrtheeetingApiedupBpisuppiupDpiingup04、(08北京卷’24)___thatsheasgingfftsleep,Iasedifshe’dliethatlittledllnherbedASeeingBTseeSeeD Seen0、(08北京卷’31)–Didthebgivetheinfratinuneeded?–esBut__it,IhadtreadtheentirebAtfindBfindtfindingDfinding06、(08北京卷’32)Ifeelgreatlhnred____inttheirsietAteleBelingtbeeledDeled07、(08北京卷’3)Itisrthnsideringhataes“nveniene”fdssppular,and___betternesfurnAintrduesBtintrdueintrduingDintrdued08、(08上海春卷’32)Asanedriver,Ihavetpratise_________thearinsallgarageagainandagainAparingBtparparedDpar09、(08上海春卷’34)Duettheheavrainandflding,tenillinpeplehavebeenfred_____theirhes AleavingBtleavetbeleftDbeingleft10、(08上海春卷’38)Thrughuthistr,thelanguage_____baperfulgrupspreadsarssaivilizatinAspeaingBspentspeaDtbespen11、(08上海春卷’39)Ifehaveillegaliigrants________in,anlalrersilllsetheirbsAaeBingteDhavinge12、(08上海卷’30)sister,aninexpensiverider,asfundsittingnthebile____tbalaneitAhavingtriedBtringttrDtried13、(08上海卷’33)Ifthere’saltfr______,IahapptusteepnuntilitisfinishedAtdBtbedingdneD ding14、(08上海卷’3)Sethingassipleas______seldateralearurindrrelievepressureAtdrinBdriningtbedriningDdrun1、(08上海卷’37)Ideall_____frBradatheatresandFifthAvenue,theNerParisafavuriteithanguestsAlatingBbeinglatedhavingbeenlatedDlated16、(08天津卷’04)_____theirhatsinttheair,thefansftheinningtealetutludshutsfvitrATthrBThrnThringDBeingthrn17、(08重庆卷’29)treahthenthephne,esentaneailinsteadAFailBFailedTfailDHavingfailed18、(08辽宁卷’27)Heasbusritingastr,nl______neinahiletsea igaretteAtstpBstppingthavestppedDhavingstpped19、(08辽宁卷’31)Pleasereain______;theinnerftheprizeillbeannunedsnAseatingBseatedtseatDtbeseated20、(08东卷’3)Lu’snebpaidtieasuhasshehadade______intherestaurantAringBrtrDred21、(08江苏卷’29)—Thearequiet,aren’tthe?—esTheareausted______atealsAttalBtnttalttalingDtnttaling22、(08江苏卷’34)TlearnEnglishell,eshuldfindpprtunitiesthearEnglish______asuhaseanAspeaBspeaingspenDt spea23、(08江西卷’22)Englishteaher’shuras____aeeverstudentburstintlaughterAsastBsuhastsuhthatDsthat24、(08江西卷’24)Ihearthe’veprtedT,buthedidn’tentin_____henetalednthephneAtprteBhavingbeenprtedhavingprtedDtbeprted2、(08江西卷’28)efinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetie____AallingBtallalledDalls26、(08安徽卷’30)____inthefieldsnaarhafternn,heuldfeelthearthfspringATalBalingaledDHavingaled27、(08浙江卷’10)______thatheasingreatdanger,Erialeddeeperintthe frestANtrealizedBNttrealizeNtrealizingDNtthaverealized28、(08浙江卷’13)Itisnefthefunniestthings______ntheInternetsfarthisearAfindingBbeingfundtfindDfund29、(08湖南卷’26)Thetrees_____inthestrhavebeenvedfftheradAbeingblndnBblndnblingdnDtbldn30、(08湖南卷’30)_____thepretasplanned,e’llhavetrtrehursadaApletingBpletepletedDTplete31、(08湖南卷’34)SusanantedtbeindependentfherparentsShetried_____alne,butshedidn’tlieitandvedbaheAlivingBtlivetbelivingDhaving lived32、(08陕西卷’11)Theessageisveriprtant,sitissuppsedassnaspssibleAtbesentBtsendbeingsentDsending33、(08陕西卷’14)arundtheaterube,eerethentaentseetheBird’sNestfrthe2008lpiGaesAHavingshnBTbeshnHavingbeenshnDTsh34、(08四川卷’14)ehadananxiusuplefees_____frtheresultsftheexperientAaitBtbeaitingaitedDaiting3、(08福建卷’22)___inthequeenfrhalfanhur,theldansuddenlrealizedbehadleftthehequeinthearAaitingBTaitHavingaitedDThaveaited36、(08福建卷’30)–hshuldberespnsiblefrthe aident?–Thebss,nttherersTheustarrieduttherder_____AastldBasaretldastellingDasthetld37、(08福建卷’33)–anthse____atthebafthelassrheare?AseatBsitseatedDsat38、(08福建卷’34)uhavenideahshefinishedtherelarae____herftundedsuhAfrBhenithDhile07高考题1—It’salngtiesineIsasister—_______________herthiseeend?[2007全国卷I]AhntvisitBhntt visithntvisitingDhdn’tvisit2—Thelastne__________________pastheeal—Agreed![2007全国卷I]AarrivedBarrivestarriveDarriving3Isellsething__________intheithenanIallubainainute?[2007全国卷I]AburningBburntbeingburntDtbeburnt4Atthebeginningflass,thenisefdess____uldbeheardutsidethelassr[全国卷II]ApenedandlsedBtbepenedandlsedbeingpenedandlsedDtpenandlseAfteranatthedr,thehildheardhisther’svie______hi[2007 上海卷]AallingBalledbeingalledDtall6ThereisnthingreIantr______utsta,sIishugdlu[2007上海卷]AbeingpersuadedBpersuadingtbepersuadedDtpersuade7TheTnHall______inthe1800’sasthestdistinguishedbuildingatthattie[上海卷]AtbepletedBhavingbeenpletedpletedDbeingpleted8Theuntrhasalreadsentupthreeunannedspaeraft,thestreent________attheendflastarh[2007东卷]A．hasbeenlaunhedB．havingbeenlaunhed．beinglaunhedD．tbelaunhed9Pleasereain_____untiltheplanehasetapletestp[2007东卷] A．tsealB．tbeseated．seatingD．seated10hnreeivedaninvitatintdinner,andithhisr________,hegladlaeptedit[安徽卷]AfinishedBfinishinghavingfinishedDasfinished11—Rbertisindeedaisean—h,esHftenIhaveregretted______hisadvie![2007安徽卷]AttaeBtaingntttaeDnttaing12—Exuseesir,hereisR301?—ustainuteI’llhaveBb____uturr[2007北京卷]AshBshstshDshing13HeisastudentatxfrdUniversit,__________fradegreeinputersiene[2007 北京卷]Astudied　　Bstuding　　thavestudiedDtbestuding14ennhpesthatrSithillsuggestagdathaveherrittenEnglishinashrtperid[2007福建卷]Aiprved　　　Biprving　　　tiprveDiprve1—en,pleasegiveeseideasabutthepret—Srrithsuhrind,Ialstbreadn[2007福建卷]Afilled　　　　Bfilling　　　　tfill　　　　Dbeingfilled16Asthelightturnedgreen,Istdfraent,nt_________,andasedselfhatIasgingtd[2007湖南卷]Aved　　　　Bving　　　　tve　　　Dbeingved17“Things_________nevereagain!”Iuldn’thelptalingtself[2007湖南卷]Alst　　　　Blsing　　　tlseDhavelst 18—anIsehere?—Srredn’tall______here[2007江苏卷]ApeplesingBpeplese　　tse　　　Dsing19parentshavealasadee______abutself,evenhenIastelve[2007江苏卷]Afeelingell　　Bfeelinggd　　feelellDfeelgd20Heisverppularanghisstudentsashealastriestaethe______inhisletures[2007江苏卷]Ainterested　　Binteresting　　interest　　Dtinterest21henasedhheentthere,hesaidheassenttherefraspaeflight[2007江西卷]Atraining　　Bbeingtrained　　thavetrainedDtbe trained22thatshedidn’tdagdb,Idn’tthinIaablerthanher[2007陕西卷]AThavesaid　　　BHavingsaid　　　Tsa　　　DSaing23Allthestaff{nurpanarensideringttheitentrefrthefashinsh[上海春]A．tg　　　　B．ging　　　．thavegne　　　D．havinggne24thesafetfgas,thegvernenthasheedtheit’sgassupplsstethrughl[上海]A．Tensure　　B．Ensuring　　．HavingensuredD．Thaveensured2Sheantsherpaintingsinthegaller,butedntthintheuldbeverppular[上海春]A．displa　　B．tdispla　　．displaingD．displaed26Peterreeivedaletterustn________hisgrandauldetseehisn[07 四川卷]A．said　　　B．sas　　　．saingD．tsa27Theflershisfriendgavehiilldieunless________everda[2007四川卷]Aatered　　　Batering　　　ater　　　Dtater28Theglassdrshavetaentheplaefthedennesattheentrane,________inthenaturallightduringtheda[2007天津卷]Atlet　　　Bletting　　　let　　　Dhavinglet29ThehildrentaledsludlatdinnertablethatIhadtstruggle______[2007浙江卷]AtbeheardBthaveheardhearingDbeingheard30______bagreaterdeandfvegetables,farershavebuiltregreenhuses[2007浙江卷]ADriven　　　BBeingdriven　　　Tdrive　　　DHaving driven31Thehildrenenthefrthegraarshl,theirlessns_______frtheda[2007重庆卷]Afinishing　　　Bfinished　　hadfinished　　Derefinished32TherdheeredildlatthesightfLiuXiang,hasreprted______therldrerdinthe110-eterhurdlerae[2007辽宁卷]Abreaing　　　Bhavingbren　　thavebren　　　Dbrea33uan’tiaginehatdiffiultehad______heinthesnstr[2007辽宁卷]Aaled　　　Bal　　　talDaling06年高考题1Therehavebeenseveralneevents________ttheprgrafrthe2008BeiinglpiGaes (北京)AaddBtaddaddingDadded2Ian’tstand___ithaneinthesaeffieSheustrefuses___talinghileshers(北京)Aring;stppingBtr;stppingring;tstpDtr;tstp3______andhapp,Tnstdupandaeptedtheprize(全国1)ASurprising　　　BSurprised　　　Beingsurprised　　　DTbesurprising4Itisdiffiulttiaginehis_______thedeisinithutannsideratin(全国2)Aaept　　　BaeptingtaeptDaeptedFaedithabillfr＄10,000,________ (全国2)Ahnhastaenanextrab　　　Bthebsshasgivenhnanextrabanextrabhasbeentaen　Danextrabhasbeengiventhn6Hehurriedtthebingffienl_________thatallthetietshadbeensldut(全国2)AttellBtbetldtellingDtld7--17eftenprvideurhildrenithts,ftballsrbasetballs,_______thatallhildrenliethesethings(全国3)AthiningBthintthinDthught8--33_______frthebreadnftheshlputernetr,Alieasinlspirits(福建)ABlaingBBlaedTblaDTbeblaed9--29Natterhfrequentl,thersfBeethvenstillattratpepleallvertherld (广东)Aperfred　Bperfring　tbeperfred　Dbeingperfred10--30thisae,u’llneed2eggs,17gsugarand17gflur(广东)AHavingadeBaeTaeDaing11--34Dn’tsitthere________nthingeandhelpeiththistable（湖北)AdBtddingDandding12--21Theildflersledlieasftrangeblanet________thedesert(湖南)AveringBverdverDtver13--28Ifuthinthattreatingaanelleansalas_______herperissinfrthings,thinagain(湖南)AgetsBgttgetDgutting14--33Asthetentiethenturaetalse,theraatenalsfragreatnstinalliteratureereathand,aiting___________ (湖南)AtuseBtbeusedthaveusedDtbeusing1--30heneverheasasedhheaslatefrlass,heuldanserarelessl,alas______thesaething（江苏）AsaingBsaidtsaDhavingsaid16--32---Thereisastrhereinthepaperabuta110-ear-ldan（江苏）---gdness!Ian’tiagine_________thatldAtbeBthavebeenbeingDhavingbeen17--29．Afterhebeaensius，hereebered_____and_____ntheheadithsrd．(江西)A．tatta;hitB．tbeattaed；tbehitattaing；behitD．havingbeenattaed；hit1832．Ittalngtiefrthennetinbeteenbdteperatureandillness______ (江西)A．taeB．tbeade．aingD．beingade19--29Fivepeplenthe“hina’sGreenFigure”aard,atitle____trdinarpepletheirntributinstenvirnentalprtetin(东)AbeinggivenBisgivengivenDasgiven20--33Pliearensearhingfraanhisreprtedt____sinethefldhitthearealastFrida(东)AhavebeenissingBhavegtlstbeissingDgetlst21--26Thehineseareprudfthe29thlpiGaes______inBeiingin2008(四川)AhldBhldingheldDtbeheld22______ithsuhtruble,efailedtpletethetasntie(四川)AFaedBFaeFaingDTfae23hen______differentultures,eftenpaattentinnltthedifferenesithutntiingtheansiilarities（浙江）Apared　Bbeingpared　paring　Dhavingpared 24Itreains________hetheri’llbefitenughtplainthefinals（浙江）AseenBtbeseenseeingDtsee2Isn’tittieugtdnt______thepapers?（重庆）　　AarBbeared　　beingaredDaring26ustersareasedtaesurethatthe__therighthangebefreleavingtheshp（重庆）　　Aillgive　BhavebeengivenhavegivenDillbegiven27Theparentssuggested______inthehtelrbuttheiridsereanxiustaputduringthetrip（上海春）AsleepBtsleepsleepingDhavingslept28Therearehundredsfvisitrs___infrntftheArtGallerthavealatVanGgh’spaintings（上海春）AaitedBtaitaitingDait29___theeplees’ringeffiien,thesupervisrillallthethaveaffeebrea （上海春）AIprving　BTiprve　HavingiprvedDIprved30InthedreaPetersahiself___bafierelf,andheesuddenlithastart(上海）Ahased　Btbehased　behased　Dhavingbeenhased第十三讲交际用语易错常考的日常交际用语1问候和应答 A:Hareuding?B:Fine,thanu/usts-sA:PleasereebereturparentsB:Sure,Iill2介绍和应答A:Thisisr/rs/iss/sBrnB:Hell!/Hdud?/Nieteetu!3告别Seeu(later)!/Gdnight!(fGdevening!)/Nieseeingu4感谢和应答A:anthans!/Thansfrurhelp!/Iappreiateurhelp!B:That’sallright()/uareele/Dn’tentinit/It’sapleasure/pleasure(fithpleasure 用于回答对方的求助、邀请)道歉和应答A:I’srrB:That’sallright()/Itdesn’tatter/Neverind/That’snthing/Frgetit6邀请和应答A:ulduliet?B:es,I’dlvet/es,ithpleasure/es,it’sverind(nie)fu/I’dlvet,butIhavetherplans7请求允许和应答A:uldIsehere?/InderifIuldsehereB:es(ertainl)/es,dplease/furseua/That’s(allright)/I’srr,butitisntalled/u’dbetterntA:DuindifIpenthe ind?B:Ntatall/fursent/ertainlnt/I’srr,butu’dbetternt8祝愿、祝贺和应答A:Gdlu!/Bestishestu/Haveanie/gdtie/ngratulatins!/Haveagdurne!B:ThanuA:HappNeear!/errhristas!/HappbirthdatuB:Thesaetu9提供帮助和应答A:anIhelpu?/ulduliesehelp?B:ThansThatuldbenie/es,please/N,thanuall(ust)thesae/N,thanuana/That’sverindfu,butIananageitselfA:hatanIdfru?B:I’dlietgttheN3iddle Shl10约会A:Shalleeetat4:30?/Let’saeit4:00B:AllrightSeeuthen11打电话A:Hell!aIspeatT?B:Hldn,pleaseA:Isthatarspeaing?B:Sheisn’thererightnanItaeaessagefru?12就餐A:ulduliesereeat?/HelpurselftsereeatB:ThanuI’vehadenugh/ustalittle,please13看病A:hat’stheatter?/hatseestbethetruble?B:Idn’tfeellieeating/I’vegtaugh/Ifeelterrible（bad）/Idn’t feelell/I’vegtapainhere/Ithurtshere14购物A:hatanIdfru?/a(anI)helpu?B:I’dlietbuaditinarA:Habutthisne?B:That’sfineI’lltaeit1问路和应答A:Exuseehere’stheashr?/Exusee,anutelletheatthepstffie?B:GdnthisstreetTurnright/leftatthesendrssingSrr,Idn’tnIaastrangerhere16谈论天气A:hat’stheeatherlietda?/H’stheeatherinBeiing?B:It’sfine/lud/ind/rain,et/It’sratherar(ld/ht)tda,isn’tit? 17处理交际中的障碍Pardn!/Ibegurpardn/Pleasesathatagain(resll)hatdueanb…?/I’srrIan’tfllu18提醒注意uan’t(ustn’t)sehere/Nsing!/etpaint!/indurhead(step)/Taeare!/Beareful!/Lut!19同意和不同意ertainl/Sure/furse/es,please/That’sagdidea/IagreeN,Idn’tthins/I’afraidnt/Ireallan’tagreeithu/Na(决不,没门)20时间或日期和应答A:hattieisitn?/hat’sthetie?B:It’sabutthreeA:hatdaisittda?B:It’sednesdaA:ExuseeHaveugtthetie?B:es,it’ssix tent【各个击破】09高考题1（09安徽）--uldubesindastlsetheind?--AithpleasureBGaheades,pleaseDThat’s2（09福建）–Brue,Ireallappreiateurhandriting- AIpratieeverdaBThanuveruhN,Idn’tthinsDell,it’sntgdenugh3（09江西）----ThanufrurP4plaerI’llgetarttaeittusn----___________I’vebughtaneneANsenseBNhurrNaDNuse4（09四川）—aIpentheindtletinsefreshair?—___________AenBTaeareGahead!DHldn!（09海南）－ItlsheavanIgiveuahand?－AN,thansBes, pleasureN,neverindDes,Id6（09东）-------hnandIillelebrateurfrtietheddinganniversarnextnth--------h,_________!AheerupBelldnegaheadDngratulatins7（09东）------PrSteve!Iuldhardlregnizehiustn!------_______________,HehashangedsuhANeverindBNprbleNtatallDeneither8（09东）------shallehaveurpinitrr?-----______itdesn’trainAUntilBhileneD If9（09陕西）—therispreparingfavritedishesGitheandhaveataste,a?--AndI’llbegladteeturparentsAIthinsBI’dlvetI’sureDIhpes10（09陕西）—Haveufinishedurfirstpaper?--usthalffitHabutu?ANtatallBNtlielNtabitDNtet11（09四川）—uldupleasehelpeiththebx?—_________Aes,pleaseBN,pleasedn’tithpleasureDpleasure12（09天津）----e’rerganizingapartnextSaturda,andI’dlieut e----_______!IhaveanthernethatdaThanuustthesaeAGdluBhatapitNeverditagainDelldne13（09天津）----Puttingnahappfaentnlhelpsusaefriendsbutalsaesusfeelbetter----_______AI’dlvetBI’ithunthatIt’suptuDIt’spleasure14（09浙江）18．－He,uhaven’tbeenatinglieurself,Everthing?－______AI’fine,thansBSure,itisThat’sgdDIt’s1（09浙江）20．－Duantantherdrin?－ __________AIdn’tthinsBNaNtatallDIuldn’tsan16（09重庆）—uarenfidentabutthebintervie,aren’tu?—_____I’ellpreparedandfeelI’vegteverthingtheneedAsure,IaBIt’shardtsaIhpesDell,abe17（09重庆）—en,________,buturTVisgingtlud—h,I’srrI’llturnitdnrightnAI’dliettalithuBI’realltiredfthisIhatetsathisDIneedurhelp18（09全国2）——Duindpeningtheind?It’sabithtinhere——,asaatterf fatAGaheadBes,pleasurees,IdDen19（09江苏）---Bill,anIgetuanthingtdrin?---AuareeleBNprbleIuldn’tindaffeeDDesn’tatter08高考题01、(08全国卷I’3)—Srr,Iadeaistaeagain—______Pratiereandu’llsueedANeverindBertainlntNtatallDDn’tentinit02、(08全国卷II’06)–DunAnna’stelephne nuber?--____Asaatterffat,Idn’tnanAnna,eitherAIthinsBI’afraidntIhpesDI’drathernt03、(08全国卷II’10)---uldIasuaratherpersnalquestin?---Sure,____ApardneBgaheadgdideaDfrgetit04、(08天津卷’03)----Iustan’tstprringabuttheresultfthebintervie----_____There’snthinguandnbutaitARelaxBGaheadGfritDGdlu0、(08天津卷’09)----HuhdIeufrlunh?----______It’snthingAu’reeleBFrgetitithpleasureDThat’sright06、(08重庆卷’28)---aIasaquestinafterlass,Sir?---,butnt duringlunhbreaAI’srrBAntieertainlDGahead07、(08重庆卷’34)---IaafraidIan’treturnthebtubefreFrida---ADn’tbeafraidBBearefulNtatallDTaeurtie08、(08辽宁卷’21)—DiduhaveagdtieinThailandlastee?—______,itasthtAN!reallBeah,hnth,greatDu’reright09、(08辽宁卷’34)—naeisnathanShallIspellitfru?—______AIfudn’tindBNtatallTaeiteasDNieteetu10、(08东卷’30)—Sa,ane,illueithetthegaeFrida?—______,Bb,butIprisedarI’dgithherApleasureBThansTaeiteasDFrget it11、(08江苏卷’22)—DuindifIrerdurleture?—______GaheadANeverindBNaNtatallDNu’dbetternt12、(08江苏卷’2)—Ian’trepairtheseuntiltrr,I’afraid—That’s,there’s______AnprbleBnnderndubtDnhurr13、(08江苏卷’26)—Itshuldn’ttaelngtlearupafterthepartifeallvlunteerthelp—That’sright_______AanhandsaelightrBSethingisbetterthannthingTheretheerrierDThesnerbegun,thesnerdne14、(08江西卷’21)–Ithinu’dbettertpethisletteragainbefrerSithseeit--h,dear!______ Ahares?BNprbleIdn’tindatallDIsitasbadasthat?1、(08安徽卷’2)----Ihavesebignesfruu’vebeenaeptedasaeberfurlub----__That’sgreat!AHaveI?BPardn?ngratulatins!DGdidea!16、(08安徽卷’34)-----GdeveningHuangshanHtel-----Gdevening________?ADustillhavearfrtnightBhatuldulie,pleaseIsthereanthingIandfruDhisthatspeaing,please17、(08浙江卷’01)–Areuallright?–______AThat’sBIthinsTaeiteasDIt’sverindfu18、(08浙江卷’20)—Shallegutfrdinnertnight? —______Auareright　BItustbefunn　Thatsundsgreat　DHaveanietie19、(08陕西卷’18)–Theflrisdirtananneleanit?–IditallthetieADn’tentinitBhu?NtsureDNteagain20、(08四川卷’0)---Let’sgfraalinthegarden---_______,butIneedtdtheashing-upAN,thanuBThat’srightGdideaDNtatall21、(08四川卷’13)---anusheraffer’sffie,please?---_____ButIdn’tnifheisinattheentAThansBGnSureDuareele22、(08四川卷’1)Aughisusuallnthingtrrabutunlessitlastsfrtendas ___ArreBinsteadatstDnl23、(08福建卷’3)–uldulietinusinthegae?–_____,frIhavesethingiprtanttattendtAIillBI’dlvetIn’tDI’afraidnt07高考题1—Haveuheardthelatestnes?—N,hat________?[2007全国卷I]AisitBistherearetheDarethse2—anureadthesign,sir?Nsingalledinthelift!—__________________[2007全国卷I]ANeverind　BDn’tentinitSure,Idn’tseDPardn e3—ehavebedarfrtdaandtrr—____,sir[2007全国卷II]AI’sure　　Bpleasure　　It’sallrightDI’llhe4—I’srrthaveeptuaiting—____,Bill[2007全国卷II]Au’reeleBGahead　　　Dn’tentinitDNprble．—Haveubeenastingtienputergaesagain?—________I’vebeenstudingaltandIneedabrea[2007东卷]A．NaB．Ntreall．Idn’tagreeD．Iuldn’tagreere6—Bill,ifitdesn’train,eangstraightnandspendretieinVienna—Iustantthearzart[2007安徽卷]Aelldne!BNprbleThat’sgreat!DThat’s it7．—asartinsrrfrhathe’ddne?—___________Itasustliehi![2007安徽卷]ANeverindBAllrightNtreallDNtsurprisingl8．—Exusee,duhavethetie?—[2007福建卷]Aes,IdBfurse,IhaveAquarterttenDNprble9．—“uldeputfftheeeting?”sheased[2007江苏卷]—“_________”Heanseredplitel“Thisisthenldaeverneisavailable”ANtlielBNtexatlNtnearlDNtreall10—illuinusinthegae?[2007 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重庆卷]AN,Iant　　Bes,Iill　　N,Ihaven’tDes,perfetl18．—I’vestudiedgringplantsasnefinterestsuldIaesesuggestins?—______[2007重庆卷]Auillaeit　BGrightahead　Dn’tentinit　　DTaeiteas19．—Exusee,uldutelletheattheBritishuseu?—Srr,I’astrangerhere—_______[2007辽宁卷]AThansana　BItdesn’tatter　NeverindDNprble20—Tnsaidheuldfixbile,butIrealldubtit—______He’svergdatthissrtfthing[2007辽宁卷]ADn’trr　BIuldn’tagreere　furse　DApieef ae06高考题12---Exusee,anutelleherethenearestbanis,please?(全国1)－--______hes!It’spasttheffie,nexttabigaretA,letethinBh,Ibegurpardn?u’reeleDhatduean?234---InderifIuldpssibluseurarfrtnight?---______I’ntusingitanh(全国1)ASure,ghead　BIdn’tn　es,indeedDIdn’tare311—I’terriblsrrthatIadeurtablelthdirt—___________ (全国2)ANeverindBDn’tentinitThat’srightDSrr46–--illubeabletfinishurreprttda?–--_______(全国3)AIlieitBIhpesI’lldsDI’dlveit21---Andren’tlieit,un---?Idn’tarehatAndrethins!(广东)AShatBShereShDSh63---Exusee,Sir,isthesiingplpenallda?(广东)---nlfr6:00palt10:00pAThat’srightBes,furse　Srr,Iantsure　DSrr,I’afraidnt73---unhaeesterda? (湖北)---aing?ehadabasetballath---________Heaeandathedthegae(湖北)Auguessedit!BHdidunthat?elldne!DThatasgdnes!822．——I’deadtired．Ian’talanfarther，enn——______，T．uandit!(江西)A．NprbleB．Nhurr．enD．That’s931．——Ireindedunttfrgettheappintent(江西)——______A．SudidB．SIdnt．SdiduD，SdI1022---HdidufindurvisittQingda, anna?---______(东)Ah,nderfulindeedBIentthealneFirstbtrainandthenbshipDAguideshedethea1121---hatabeautifulpitureu’vedran!---______(四川)ANtatallBThanuu’regreatDI’prudfu1234---Duindsingher?---______(四川)AN,thansBNGdideaes,pleaseDesBetternt131---uldutaethisalngttheffiefr e?---______（浙江）AithpleasureBThat’sright　Neverind　DDn’tentinit1422---uldulieseresup?---______Itisdeliius,butI’vehadenugh（重庆）Aes,please　BN,thanu　Nthingre　DI’dliese13—Habutseeingthenevieatthetheatretnight?—______,butI，vegttgverntesfrtrr’sexa（重庆）AAllright　　BSundsgreat　　Ian’t　　DN,Iaterriblsrr1622---HdidufindurvisittQingda,anna?---________________（东）Ah,nderfulindeed　　BIentthealneFirstbtrainandthenbshipDAguideshedethea1726－Thesebsaretheavfretarr （辽宁）－AuaasfrhelpBI’illgiveuahandI’illduafavrDI’dethelp1833－I’srrI’lateIgtheldupinthetraffinahere（辽宁）－ADn’tbelatenexttieBushuldbeblaedItdesn’tatter,I’alslateDNeverindeandsitdn199－I’thiningfthetesttrrI’afraidIan’tpassthistie－!I’sureu’llaeit（天津）AGaheadBGdluNprbleDheer up