英语语法 如何把直接引语转换为间接引语 5页

如何把直接引语转换为间接引语引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。　　1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导，很多时候可省略that。例如：Shesaid,"Iamveryhappytohelpyou."àShesaidshewasveryhappytohelpme.Shesaid,“IwillgotoGuangzhoutomorrow.”àShesaidthatshewouldgotoGuangzhouthenextday/thefollowingday.Shesaid,“IhavelivedinFoshanforseveralyears.”àShesaidthatshehadlivedinFoshanforseveralyears.Shesaid,“Iamreadingabooknow.”àShesaidthatshewasreadingabookatthattime/moment.Johnsaid,“IamleavingforParisonWednesday”àJohnsaidthathewasleavingforParisonWednesday.2.直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if（是否）引导。先把直接引语变为陈述句语序，再放在whether或if后面。例如：Heaskedme,"Doyoulikeplayingfootball?"ààHeaskedmewhether/ifIlikedplayingfootball.HeaskedMary,“Willyoucometomybirthdayparty?”5 àYouwillcometomybirthdayparty.àHeaskedMarywhether/ifshewouldcometohisbirthdayparty.　　注意：大多数情况下，if和whether可以互换，但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：　　Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.　　Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain.　　3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导，先把直接引语（去掉特殊疑问词后）变为陈述句语序，再放回特殊疑问词后进行相应的变化。例如：Mysisteraskedme,"Howdoyoulikethefilm?”àYoulikethefilmàMysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.JohnaskedMary,“Whereshallwego?”àJohnaskedMarywheretheyshouldgo.JohnaskedMary,“WhenshallweleaveforParis?”àJohnaskedMarywhentheyshouldleaveforParis.1.Francoaskedme,“Isthefoodready?”àFrancoaskedmewhether/ifthefoodwasready.2.PhillipaskedLily,“Aretheyoungcoupledrinkingredorwhitewine?”àtheyoungcouplearedrinkingredorwhitewine.àPhillipaskedLilywhether/iftheyoungcoupleweredrinkingredorwhitewine.3.Heasked,“Whoisworkingintherestaurant?”5 àHeaskedwhowasworkingintherestaurant.4.Lindaasked,“Whenwilltherestaurantbeready?”Therestaurantwillbeready.Lindaaskedwhentherestaurantwouldbeready.5.Sheaskedme,“Willyoudomeafavor?”Youwilldomeafavor.Sheaskedmewhether/ifIwoulddoherafavor.6.Johnsaid,“IthinkIwillhavetotakehisadvice.”Johnsaidthathethoughthewouldhavetotakehisadvice.7.SheaskedJack,“Whatproblemshaveyouhadthisevening?”àyouhavehadproblemsthisevening.SheaskedJackwhatproblemshehadhadthatevening.8.Susanasked,“CanItalktotheguests?”Icantalktotheguests.Susanaskedwhether/ifshecouldtalktotheguests.4.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。例如：A.ask/tellsbtodosth.B.ask/tellsbnottodosth.Thecaptainordered,"Bequiet."àThecaptainorderedus/them/thesoldierstobequiet.HesaidtoSue,“Marryme.”5 àHeaskedSuetomarryhim.PetertoldJohn,“Getout!”àPetertoldJohntogetout.　　注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,"Don"tlaugh.”àMyteacheraskedmenottolaugh.Hesaidtoher,“Don’tdanceinthetoiletbowl.”àHeaskedhernottodanceinthetoiletbowl.　　5.一些注意事项　　(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：Theytoldtheirson,"Theearthgoesroundthesun."àTheytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.我爷爷告诉我，共产党(CommunistParty)的宗旨(gist)是为人民服务。MygrandfathertoldmethatthegistoftheCommunistPartyistoservethepeople.(2)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/theseàthat/those,nowàthen,todayàthatday,yesterdayàthedaybefore,lastyearàtheyearbefore,agoàbefore,hereàthere等。例如：Mywifesaidtome,“Iwillbringmynewloverhomethisevening.”àMywifesaidtomethatshewouldbringhernewloverhomethatevening.Hesaid,"Ihaven"tseenhertoday."àHesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.Heshoutedtome,“Fuck/Pissoff!”5 àHeaskedmeloudly/angrilytofuck/pissoff.HesaidtoIvy,“Pleasedon’tleaveme.”Heasked/toldIvynottoleavehim.HebeggedIvynottoleavehim.LindaaskedKathy,“Willyoubetheretomorrow?”àYouwillbetheretomorrow.àLindaaskedKathywhether/ifshewouldbetherethenext/followingday.KevinaskedCecilia,“DoyouknowhowmuchImissyou?”àyouknowhowmuchImissyou.àKevinaskedCeciliawhether/ifsheknewhowmuchhemissedher.KevinaskedCecilia,“WhenwillIseeyouagain?”àIwillseeyouagain.àKevinaskedCeciliawhenhewouldseeheragain.　　注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。　　(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：HeaskedLucy,"Wheredidyougo?"àTomasked,"Whatdoyouwant,Ann?"à　5