初中英语语法：直接引语变间接引语 13页

直接引语变间接引语说话人直接引用别人的原话叫直接引语。说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来叫间接引语。如何变人称：口诀：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”“第一人称看主语，第二人称看宾语，宾语若是不存在，活用代词I,me,my。”注：“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人你所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr.Smithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.如何变时态：口诀：“主句谓语动词现在将来一般时，直引只变人称用原句，主句的谓语动词一般过去时，间引时态向后升一级;主句的谓语动词一般过去时，直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。”第-13-页共13页 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时如：1)Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidshehadlostapen.2)Shesaid,“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.3)Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观真理、引用格言时。“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：XiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril2l,1980.”→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.第-13-页共13页 ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could,should,would,might）不再变。如：Petersaid,“Youhadbettercomehavetoday.”→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.如何变状语：直引变间引，状语变化应遵循：时状今变昔，地状近变远，指示这变那，动作来变去直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this改为that),如：Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.直接引语间接引语时nowthentodaythatdaythisweek(month…)thatweek(month…)间yesterdaythedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforeLastweek(year…)Theweek(year…)before状Threedays(ayear,years…)agoThreedays(ayear,years…)beforetomorrowThenext(following)第-13-页共13页 dayThedayaftertomorrowTwodayslater(intwodaystime)语Nextweek(year,month…)Thenext(following)week(year,month…)指示代词thisthatthesethose地点状语herethere动词comegoBringtake如何变句型：1.直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。直接引语陈述句，去掉引号加that，引述动词say,tell,repeat,explain,think，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。如：Shesaid,“Mybrotherdoesn’twanttogothere.”→Shesaidthatherbrotherdidn’twanttogothere.Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.2.直接引语是疑问句时，间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。直接引语疑问句，间接引语陈述序，引导动词say要变，ask，wonder，donotknow，wanttoknow，benotsure，bepuzzled据语气。第-13-页共13页 直接引语一般、反意疑问句，去掉引号加if/whether，直接引语选择疑问句，whether…or带宾从句,陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。Iaskedher,“DoyoustudyEnglishhere?”→IaskedherifshestudiedEnglishthere.Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?"→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven"tyou?”mymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.直接引语是特殊疑问句，直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。“Whatdoyouwant?”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhatIwanted.Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.3.直接引语是祈使句时,间接引语为不定式，作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t变为not）.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth.”句型。直接引语为祈使句变成间接引语时，要变成以下格式：asksb.(not)todosth.（表示客气）tellsb.(not)todosth.（命令性强于上面）第-13-页共13页 ordersb.(not)todosth.（命令性最强）直接引语祈使句，间接引语不定式，去掉引号要加to；ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise,带宾补，直接引语是否定式，not加在to前部。如：Theteachersaidtohermother,“Pleasegivemethebook.”→Theteacheraskedhermothertogiveherthebook.Theteachersaidtohermother,“Don’tgivemethebook.”→Theteachertoldhermothernottogiveherthebook.“Don"tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.“Bringmeacupoftea,please,”saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.注意：直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词（或从句）。”如：Hesaid,"Let’sgotothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.4.直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导。直接引语感叹句，what、how来引导，间引仍用感叹句，有时也用that引，间引语序要调整，陈述语序最要紧。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.第-13-页共13页 或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.直接引语变间接引语练习题1．Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”2．Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”11．Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.’12．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”14．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”15．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.16．Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”17．Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.18．Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”第-13-页共13页 19．Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”20．Shesaidtous,“I’llcomeheretomorrow.”21．“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.22．“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.23．“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.24．“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.25．“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）Ⅰ.单项选择1.Heasked________forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.→Heaskedme_______.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.→He______me_____thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.→Hesaid_________.A.thatIamateacherB.Iwasateacher第-13-页共13页 C.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”→He_____-verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas6.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?”sheasked.→Sheasked________.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.7.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”→Heaskedme_________.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.8.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”→Heasked_______.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalong第-13-页共13页 D.howwasIgettingalong9.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what’sthematterD.whatwasthematter10.Hesaid,“Don’tdothatagain.”He_____me_______thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;don’tdoC.toldme;don’tdoD.toldme;nottodo将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.第-13-页共13页 Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestedin______.附答案：1．Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.2．Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.第-13-页共13页 3．SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.4．Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.5．TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.6．Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.7．ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.8．Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.9．Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.10．Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.11．Hesaidtheyarestillstudents.12．Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.13．Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967.14．HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.15．Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.16．Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.17．Hesaidthey(had)insistedthatshestartimmediately.18．Shesaidhedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.19．ItoldhimIhadfinishedit.20．Shetoldusshewouldcomeheretomorrow21．TheyoungmanaskedKarenwhereherchemistryteacherlived.22．Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehadgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.23．Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.第-13-页共13页 24．Maryaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.25．Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathehaddonetherethedaybefore.答案与简析：1.D宾语从句要用陈述句语序。2.D一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句.3.C直接引语为祈使句,变间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask(请求),tell(告诉),order(命令),invite(邀请),warn(警告),advise(建议)等,而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式。即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advisesb.(not)todosth.4.D直接引语为陈述句,变间接引语时用that引导(口语中常省略)。5.C6.B反意疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。7.C选择疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。8.C直接引语为特殊疑问句,变间接引语时,用特殊疑问词引导,并将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。9.D注意时态的一致。What作主语，thematter（=wrong）作表语。10.D直接引语为祈使句,变间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用。.1.he,ate2.told,had,found,his3.she,had,taken4.rise,goes5.told,had,before6.had,there7.had,before8.asked,if[whether],before9.told,could10.how,she,had11.where,I,had,those12.if[whether],I,lived13.told,to,stop14.not,to,tell15.asked,if[whether],that第-13-页共13页