英语语法基础----句子划分 3页

高中句子划分课堂讲义之句子结构及成分划分概念句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语）。1．主语一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：Weworkinabigfactory.Theclassroomisverybig.Threeareenough.TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctor’sjob.Whatweneedisfood.在“Therebe…”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.2．谓语谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：Heisverygenerous.ShelooksverysmartandcoolWehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.3．表语表语由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Myfatherisateacher.Everyoneishere.Theyareatthetheatre.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.Herjobistrainingthenurses.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.4．宾语▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。如：Heoftenhelpsme.Helikestosleepintheopenair.TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.▲直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：Webroughtthemsomefood.主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或for。5．宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如: Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawagirlgointothebuilding.Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.6．定语▲定语用来修饰名词或代词。如：Theblackbikeismine.What’syourname?Theymadesomepaperflowers.TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.▲在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面，有的是放在被修饰词的后面，故称“后置定语”。▲修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,something,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody的定语必须后置。如：We’llgotohavesomethingEnglish.Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,asksomeoneelse.▲介词短语作定语时要后置。如：Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?Thestudentsintheroomareallmyfriends.Ithinkthepictureontheleftisbetterthantheoneontheright.▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置Whataboutsomethingtodrink?IhavenotimetotraveltoChinaisinAutumnorinSpring.7．状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：HediditcarefullyTheymissedmeverymuch.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）Themoonrose.二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）Thedinnersmellsgood.三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）Theyfoundthehousedeserted.练习：指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whetherwe’llgodependontheweather.2.People’sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily. 3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.6.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.7.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.8.TherearemanyfilmthatI’dliketosee.9.Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?10.Ihavealotofworktodo.11.AnywayIwon’tstopyoufromdoingit.12.Isaiditinfun.13.Wecansendacarovertofetchyou.14.Shehadtoworkstandingup.15.Seeingthis,somecomradesbecameveryworried.16.Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.17.Thebusarrivedtenminuteslate.18.Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.19.Springcomingon,thetreeturnedgreen.20.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.21.Wethinkitnecessarythateveryoneshouldattendthemeeting.22.It’sstrangethatshedoesn’tcometoday.23.ItwasinthelibrarythatIcometoday.24.Helikesdrawingattimeswhenheisn’tworking.25.Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.