英语语法教案.宪宗doc 63页

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英语语法教案.宪宗doc

  • 63页
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高中英语语法教案[整理]http://www.whyandhow.org中小学英语名词(一)概述名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词,可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是:学英语,请看生活英语简易读物,长知识,学英语人的名字LiMing,Tom资料:世界著名大学(Universities&Colleges)大全地方名称China,London资料:世界学校(K12Schools)大全职业称呼teacher,doctor少女护肤(SkinCare)网上最好的几篇文章,白皙清纯,青春无限物品名称pencil,dictionary行为名称study,invention抽象概念history,grammar(二)普通名词和专有名词1.普通名词凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词,都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型:1)个体名词个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物,例如:Hehastwoaunts. 他有两个姑姑。Mostclassroomshavecomputers.多数教室里都有电脑。也可指抽象东西,例如:We’velivedherefortwentyyears.我们在这里住了二十年了。Ihadadreamlastnight我昨晚做了一个梦。个体名词有复数形式,如:weeks,problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用,如:aweek,aproblem,anoldman.2)集体名词集体名词表示由个体组成的集体,下面是一些常见的集体名词:family(家,家庭)army(军队)company(公司;全体船员)enemy(敌人)government(政府)group(小组,团体)public(公众)team(队;组)police(警方)作单数看待作复数看待Hisfamilyisn"tlarge.他家人不多。Thegovernmentisplanningtobuildadamhere.政府打算在这里建一座水坝。Thepublicwasunlikelytosupportit.公众支持它的可能性不大。Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.他家的人都喜欢音乐。Thegovernmentarediscussingtheplan. 政府在讨论这个计划。Thepublicweredeceivedbythenewspaper.公众受到报纸的蒙骗。集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待。一般说来,视为整体时作单数看待,想到它的成员时作复数看待:例如:有的集体名词通常用作单数,例如:OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.我们公司将派他去柏林工作。有的集体名词多作复数看待。例如:Thepolicearelookingforhim.警察正在找他。3)物质名词物质名词指无法分为个体的东西,我们学过的常见的物质名词有:beer,cloth,coal,coffee,coke,cotton,ice,ink,jam,juice,meat,medicine,metal,milk,oilpaper,rain,salad,salt,sand,snow,soup,steel,sugar,tea,water,wine,wood,wool等。一般说来,物质名词是不可数折,因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况:a.有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”,“一杯”:Treebeers,please.请来三杯啤酒。Achocolateice-creamforme.给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。b.有此物质名词可作可数名词,表示“一种”: Itwasaspecialteawhichtastedoforangeblossoms.这是一种特别的茶,有桔子花叶。Itwasadeliciouswine.那是一种美味的红酒。c.个别物质名词可用于复数形式或有特殊意义:Itwasnowthetimeofthespringrains.现在是春天雨季的时候。Herearethesnowsoflastyear.这是去看的积雪。d.抽象名词抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念,一般不可数,因此没有复形,前面也一般不加不定冠词a/an。常见的抽象名词有:age,anger,beauty,childhood,death,duty,fear,fun,happiness,health,help,history,industry,joy,labour,love,luck,music,nature,peace,pleasure,power,safety,silence,sleep,time,training,travel,trust,truth,waste,weather,work,worth,youth等。在多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词。例如:safetyfirst!安全第一!It’swonderfulweather.天气好极了。但有时也加定冠词the,或不定冠词a/an.例如:Ishallneverforgetthebeautyofthatlake.我永远不会忘记那个湖的美丽。 There’sabeautyinsimplicity.朴实之中有一种美。2.专有名词专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。例如:1)人名:Mary,MrsGreen,Zhanghua2)地名:Beijing,WestLake3)某类人的名称:Americans,Russians4)某些抽象事物的名称:English,Chinese5)月份、周日及节日名称:May,Saturday,Easter6)书名、电影及诗歌的名称:ConewiththeWind7)对家人等的称呼:Mum,Dad,UncleTom专有名词的第一个字母要大写。(三)可数名词和不可数名词名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数与不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式,不可数名词一般没有复数形式。单数复数acountryaclassasheepatomatocountriesclassessheeptomatoes 普通名词中的个体名词和集体名词一般是可数的,所以它们又可称为可数名词。可数名词单数往往要同不定冠词a或an连用,复数则要使用其复数形式。例如:普通名词中的物质名词和抽象名词及专有名词一般是不可数的,这些名词又可称为不可数名词。不可数名词不能用不定冠词修饰,也不存在复数形式,如ice(冰),water(水),rice(稻子)等。在英语中个别名词既可以作不可数名词,又可以作可数名词。但由于用法不同,它们的意思往往也不大相同,对这些名词要特别注意。例如作不可数名词作可数名词glass玻璃paper纸张time时间work消息玻璃杯;镜子;眼镜报纸;文件;考卷次数;时代单词;话语一般说来,汉语和英语对某一个名词是否可数的看法基本上是一致的。但也有不少名词在汉语中常被用作可数名词,而在英语中却绝对是不可数名词,对这些名词也要特别注意,发如:fun,work,advice,weather,homework,news,money,information,bread,hair),chalk,furniture等。(四)可数名词复数形式的构成可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es,现将其复数的一般构成方法及读音列表如下:情况构成方法例词读音一般情况在词尾加-sdesk→desksmap→maps-s在请辅音后发[s]音 day→daysgirl→girls-s在元音私浊畏音后发[z]以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加-esbus→busesbox→boxeswatch→watchesfish→fisheses发[iz]音以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为I再加-esfamily→familiesfactory→factoriesparty→parties-ies发[iz]音以元音字母y结尾的词在词尾加-sday→daysboy→boyskey→keys-s发[z]音以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-esknife→kniveslife→liveswife→wiveshalf→halves-ves发[vz]音以辅音字母加o结尾的词在词尾加-espotato→potatoestomato→tomatoeshero→heroes-es发[z]音以元音字母加o结尾的词在词尾加-sradio→radioszoo→zoos-s发[z]音少数以辅音字母加o结尾的名词变为复数时只加-s。如:photo→photos,piano→pianos等。 有些以f结尾的名词变为复数时也只加-s。如:handkerchief→handkerchiefs,roof→roofs等。英语中还有不少名词的复数形式是不规则的,必须把它们牢记在心。如:man→men,woman→women,Frenchman→Frenchmen,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice,sheep→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fish等。(五)名词的所有格在英语中,有些名词的词尾可以加上’s,用来表示所有关系,这种结构称为名词的所有格。1.名词所有格的构成名词所有格的构成一般有以下三种情况:1)如果名词是单数,只在词尾加’s。例如:theboy’sschoolbag这男孩的书包theworker’sshoes这个二人的鞋2)复数名词如果以s结尾,只加’(在s的右上角)即可如:theteachers’office老师们的办公室thestudents’classroom学生们的教室3)复数名词如果不以s结尾,则在词尾加’s如:Women’sDay妇女节thePeople’sPark人民公园2.名词所有格的用法名词的所有格主要有以下五种用法:1)表示人成动物与其他的人、动物或事物的所有关系。 例如:HeisMary’syoungerbrother.他是玛丽的弟弟。TheyarereadingLeiFeng’sDiaries.他们在读雷锋的日记。2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市等名词与其他事物的所有关系。例如:Ourschoolishalfanhour’swalkfromhere.我们学校离这儿步行有半小时的距离。BeijingisChina’scapital.北京是中国的首都。3)表示无生命东西的名词的所有关系,一般使用与of构成的短语结构。例如:Thefrontdoorofthehousewaspaintedred.那屋子的前门被漆成了红色。Thereisamapoftheworldonthefrontwallofourclassroom.我们教室前面的墙上有一幅世界地图。4)名词所有格后面跟地点,往往要将地点名词省略。例如:Mysisteroftengoestomyuncle’s.我的妹妹经常到我叔叔家去。Youlookill.You’dbettergotothedoctor’s. 你脸色不好,最好去看看病。5)被名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提出到过,一般可以省略。例如:Iamusingmydictionary.YoucanuseTom’s.我们字典我正在用,你可以用汤姆的。OurbedroomismuchlargerthanJohnandDick’s.我们的寝室比约翰私迪克的大得多,(六)可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达1.两种名词都有能修饰的数量词有:some,any,plentyof,alotof,lotsof等。例如:Pleasegivemesomepaper.请给我一些纸。Idon’twanttoborrowanymagazines.我不想借什么杂志。2.用来修饰可数名词的数量词有:many,several.hundredsof,anumberof,apairof,afew,few等。例如:Youhavemadequiteafewspellingmistakesinyourcomposition.你的俄文中有很多拼写错误。Severaldayslater,agroupofstudentswenttohelptheoldman.几天以后,一群学生去帮助了那位老人。3.用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有:much,agreatdealof,abitof,adropof,apieceof,quitealittle,little,等。 例如:Iwantapieceofredchalk.我想要一支红粉笔。Pleasegiveherabitofbread.请给她一点面包。(七)名词的用法1.作主语例如:Theradiosaysthatitmaystopraininglater.广播说一会儿雨可能会停。2.作表语例如:Class3werethewinners.三班获胜了。3.作宾语例如:Itoldhimastory.我给他讲了个故事。4.作宾语补足语例如:HenamedherJenny.他给她取名詹妮。 5.作定语例如:Wearediscussingthepopulationproblem.我们正在讨论人口问题。6.作状语例如:Hesatherealongtime.他坐在这儿很久了。7.与介词组成词组例如:IamworkinghardonmyChinese.我正在努力学习汉语。8.作介词宾语例如:Givethemoneytoyoursister.把钱给你姐姐。三、随堂监测A组I.写出下列名词的复数形式:1.house_________2.village___________3.map__________4.orange_________5.bag___________6.exercise___________7.brush__________8.family___________9.bus___________10.city__________11.box___________12.baby__________ 13.class__________14.factory_________15.glass__________16.dictionary__________17.watch_________18.woman_________19.match__________20.man_________21.wish__________22.German__________23.tomato_________24.policeman___________25.kilo__________26.human_________27.potato___________28.Chinese__________29.shelf__________30.Japanese__________31.leaf___________32.American__________33.life___________34.tooth__________35.wife___________36.foot___________37.knife__________38.sheep__________39.half___________40.child__________II.将下列词组译成英语:1、一群孩子2、两箱子苹果3、三篮子蔬菜4、九块面包5、十杯牛奶6、五块肉7、多种植物8、一副眼镜9、两块冰10、三张纸11、四瓶橘汁12、五杯茶13、六碗米饭14、七袋米15、八块木头16、九块金属III.写出下列各词的名词形式:1.work_________2.teach_________3.sing________4.ill___________5.fight___________6.invent________7.wait________8.woolen__________ 9.win____________10.thankful________11.foreign_________12.cloudy________13.run__________14.dirty__________15.visit_________16.funny__________17.wooden________18.medical________19.operate________20.hot__________21.invite__________22.worried________23.build__________24.please________25.help_________26.safe_________27.die_________28.dangerous_______29.draw________30.noisy________四、随堂监测B组Ⅳ.选择填空:1.Iwanttobuy________.A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks2.Theydon’thavetodo_______today.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks3.The______ofmachinemadeusfeelsick.A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.noises4.Theblouseismadeof________.A.awoolB.thesewoodC.woolsD.wool5.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps6.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday7.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan 8.MissGreenisafriendof_______.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary9.Tomis______.Hewillcometoseeme.A.myafriendB.afriendC.minefriendD.afriendofmine10.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are11.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread12.It’salong______toParis.It’stwothousandkilometers.A.streetB.roadC.wayD.end13.Many______aresingingoverthere.A.womanB.womenC.girlD.child14.Hebought_______.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoe15.Mr.Whitehasthree_______.A.childB.childrenC.childsD.childrens16.Beijingisoneofthebiggest_______intheworld.A.citysB.cityC.cityesD.cities17.---Where’sMr.White?---He’sin_______.A.theroom202B.Room202C.theRoom202D.room202 18.Shops,hospitalsandschoolsareall_______.A.placesB.homesC.roomsD.buildings19.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa_______tohisoffice.A.20minutes’walksB.20minute’swalkC.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk20.---Arethese______?---No,theyaren’t.They’re_______.A.sheep,cowsB.sheep,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps,cows21.Therearemany______inthefridge.A.fishB.fruitC.eggsD.bread22.---Whoseroomisthis?---It’s_______.A.LiMingB.LiMing’sC.LiMingsD.LiMings’23.Hereare______foryou,Sue.A.potatosB.somepotatoesC.threetomatosD.sometomato24.Herearesomebirthdaycardswithourbest______forher.A.wishB.hopeC.wishesD.hopes25.Ialwaysgotothat______tobuyfoodonSunday.A.shopB.parkC.zooD.garden26.What’stheChinesefor“PRC”?A.中国人民解放军B.中华人民共和国C.联合国D.中国共产党27.SamgaveAnnsome_______tolookafterPollywhilehewasaway.A.picture-booksB.inventionsC.instructionsD.messages28.---WhichofthefollowinganimalslivesonlyinChina?---The________.A.monkeyB.elephantC.pandaD.cat 29.______roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s30.Thethirdmonthoftheyearis_______.A.MarchB.JanuaryC.FebruaryD.April31.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme________.A.twoorangeB.twobottleoforangesC.twobottlesoforangeD.twobottlesoforanges32.Howwonderful!The______ismadeof_______.A.house,glassB.house,glassesC.houses,glassD.houses,glasses33.Imetsome______intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC.ChinesesD.English34._______isthebesttimeforplantingtrees.A.SummerB.WinterC.SpringD.Autumn35.Tomwasbadlyhurtinthematch.Theycarriedhimtothe______asquicklyaspossible.A.bankB.postofficeC.shopD.hospital36.Therearetwo______intheroom.A.shelfB.shelfsC.shelfesD.shelves37.Thereareseven______inaweek.A.yearsB.monthsC.daysD.minutes38.Myfatherisa______.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.writer39.It’sverycoldtoday.Whydon’tyouputonyour______? A.watchB.shirtC.sweaterD.glasses40.---Excuseme,areyou______?---Yes,I’mfrom________.A.Japan,JapaneseB.China,ChineseC.England,EnglishD.American,AmericaV.各地中考题选编:1.---WhereisTom?---He’slefta______sayingthathehassomethingimportanttodo.A.excuseB.messageC.exerciseD.news2.Thereisno______inthebussowehavetowaitforanotherbus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.seats3.---Wouldyoulikesome______?---Oh,yes.Justalittle.A.pearsB.orangesC.sugarD.apples4.YoucanfindthefollowingINSTRUCTIONSon_______.KEEPINACOLDPLACEA.foodB.moneyC.clothesD.books5.Mr.Greenhaslivedinthe_____hotelsincehecametoChina.A.five-starB.five-starsC.fivestar’sD.fivestars6.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_______.A.homeB.familyC.houseD.place7.---What’sthe_____today?---It’sJune26.A.dayB.dateC.timeD.hour8.Englishisspokenasafirstlanguagein______.A.theUSAB.IndiaC.JapanD.China9.______comesfromcows.A.WoolB.ChickenC.PorkD.Milk 10.Whichofthefollowingdoespaperburnin?A.B.C.D.11.Letthechildrengoaway.They’remakingtoomuch______here.A.noiseB.voiceC.noisyD.sounds12.______comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingit.A.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk13.---Oh,thereisn’tenough______forusinthelift.---Itdoesn’tmatter,let’swaitforthenext.A.groundB.floorC.placeD.room14._______isthebiggestcityinChina.A.BeijingB.ShanghaiC.GuangzhouD.Kunming15.TheEnglishmanStephenson(史蒂芬孙),invented_______.A.theshipB.thecarC.theplaneD.thetrain冠词重点知识归纳及讲解(一)概说1.冠词是一种虚词,不能独立担任一个成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词:1)定冠词the2)不定冠词a/an定冠词the通常读作[],在元音前读作[i],特别强调或单念时读作[i:]。不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式,读作[n];在其他情况下则使用a,读作[]。 2.冠词的基本意义不定冠词a/an与数词one同源,表示“一个”的意思,用在可数名词单数前。例如:Sheisanurse.她是个护士。HeisanEnglishman,withanIrishwife.他是一位英国人,有一个爱尔兰妻子。定冠词the,与this同源,有“这(那)个”的意思,但比较弱,表示一(几)个特定的人或东西,有时可译作“这个(些)”或“那个(些)”。例如:That’sthebookyouwant.这就是你要的那本书。Who’stheyoungmanoverthere?那边那个年轻人是谁?但在很多情况下,“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。例如:Putitonthetable.把它放在桌上。Shutthedoor,please.请把门关上。3.特指和泛指一般来说,名词有特指和泛指两种情况,请比较下面的句子:Agentlemanisaskingtoseeyou. 有位先生要求见你。(泛指)Askthegentlemantocomein.请那位先生进来。(特指)在特指时一般前面要加定冠词,而泛指时则有三种情况:1)在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。例如:Shesentmeapostcard她寄给我一张明信片。2)在可数名词复数前可不加冠词,可使用some,any这类词。例如:Thesearenewwords.这些是生词。Shesentmesomeflowers.她送给我一些花。3)在不可数名词前多不加什么,有时也可加some,any等。例如:It’slovelyweather.天气真好。Doyouwantanysugarinyourtea?你茶里要放点糖吗?Giveussomehelp.给我们一些帮助。 (二)不定冠词的基本用法1.泛指某一类人或事物中的一个,代表某一类别(不一定译为“一”)例如:Hisfatherisadoctor.他父亲是医生。2.代表某一类人或事物,相当于any(+名词)(不必译为“一”,但必须用a,表示类别)例如:Ahorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。3.指某人或某物(不是指某一类),但不具体说明何人或何物(一般译为“一”)例如:Thisbookwaswrittenbyaworker.这本书是一位工人写的。4.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈(一般译为“一”)例如:Waitamoment.等一下。5.表示单位,相当于“每”的意思例如:Wehavethreemealsaday.我们每日吃三餐。6.用于某此固定词组中 例如:afew,alittle,abit(of),alotof等。(三)定冠词的基本用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物例如:Givemethebook.把那本书给我。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物例如:Whereisthedoctor?医生在哪儿?3.再次提到上文提到过的人或事物例如:Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisathome.昨天我买了一本词典。词典在家里。4.用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物例如:Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.地球比月亮大,但比太阳小。5.用在序数词和形容词最高级前例如:MrWangteachesthefirstclass. 王先生上第一节课。Ofallthestarsthesunisthenearesttotheearth.在所有的恒星中,太阳离地球最近。6.用在单数可数名词,表示某一类人或事物例如:Thehorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。7.与下列专有名词连用1)在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前例如:theChangjiangRiver,theGreatLake2)在姓氏的复数名词前,表示夫妇二人或全家人例如:TheGreensaresittingatthebreakfasttable.格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。8.和某些形容词连用,表示一类人例如:theold老人theyoung年轻人therich富人thepoor穷人thesick病人thedead死人9.在一些习惯说法中theeast(west,south,north)inthemorning(afternoon,evening) ontheleft(right)intheendgotothecinema(四)不用冠词的几种情况1.在专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前例如:HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你到过上海吗?Welovescience.我们爱好科学。2.在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前例如:Girlscanbescientists.女孩子可以当科学家。3.在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前例如:Itishotinsummer.夏天天气热。It’sTuesday,Augustthe22nd.今天是八月二十二日,星期三。Haveyouhadbreakfast?你吃过早饭没有? 4.称呼语或表示头衔,职务的名词前例如:What’sthematterwithyou,Mike?怎么啦,迈克?Heisheadmasterofourschool.他是我们学校的校长。5.学科和球类运动的名称前例如:WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。Doyouliketoplayfootball?你喜欢踢足球吗?6.名词前已有用作定语的this,thatmy,your,some,any,no,whose,every,each等代词时,不用冠词例如:Thatisherbike.那是她的自行车。Eachstudentinhisclassstudieshard.这个班的每个学生都努力学习。7.在某些固定词组的名词前例如:athome,atnight,afterschool,bybus,inbed,intown,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed等。三、随堂监测A组 I.在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词,不需要的地方用“/”表示:1.Thisis______oldmap.Itis______usefulmap.2.Wehavenoclassesin______afternoonon_______Saturday.3.______spaceshipfliesataboutelevenkilometers_______second.4.Beijingis______capitalof______China.Itis_______beautifulcity.5.Romanwasnotbuiltin______day.6.Chineseisquite______difficultlanguageforMike.7.Many______studentswilltake______activepartinsportsmeet.8.Thereis______interestingpictureon______wall.9.Jennyfound______walletlyingon______ground.______walletwasMr.Black’s.10.Whichis______biggest,______sun,______moon,or______earth?11.---Whichpictureismorebeautiful?---______oneon______left,Ithink.12.---Whichis_____wayto______hospital?---Godownthisroadandturnlefton______secondcrossing.13._______more,_______better.14._______Turnersaresittingatbreakfasttable.15.JoeHillwas_______fighterfor______workingclass.16.Whenwas______People’sRepublicofChinafounded?17.InChina______firstEnglishtextbookswerepublishedin_____latenineteenthcentury.18.After______breakfasthewentto______schoolon______foot.19.______HuangheRiverliesin______northofChina.20.Helikesplaying______football.Hissisterlikesplaying______piano. II.单项选择:1.上学A.gotoschoolB.gototheschoolC.gotoaschool2.住院A,inthehospitalB.inahospitalC.inhospital3.此刻A.atthemomentB.atamomentC.atmoment4.在课堂上A.inclassB.inaclassC.intheclass5.在地球上A.onearthB.onanearthC.ontheearth6.步行A.onfootB.onthefootC.onfeet7.吃饭A.atatableB.atthetableC.attable8.乘公共汽车A.takebusB.bybusC.bythebus9.在家A.atthehomeB.atahomeC.athome10.在工作A.atworkB.attheworkC.atworks11.跳高A.jumphighB.highjumpC.thehighjump12.坐飞机A.byairB.bytheairC.onair13.乘火车A.bythetrainB.bytrainC.ontrain14.在校学习A.intheschoolB.inschoolC.inschools15.睡觉A.gotobedB.gotothebedC.gotoabed16.感冒A.haveacoldB.havethecoldC.havecold17.乘船A.byshipB.onshipC.byaship18.玩得痛快A.havegoodtimesB.haveagoodtimeC.havegoodtimes19.事实上A.inthefactB.infactsC.infact21.从早到晚A.frommorningtotheeveningB.frommorningtoevening C.fromamorningtoanevening四、随堂监测B组III.选择填空:1.Thereis______oldwomaninthecar.A./B.theC.aD.an2.Shanghaiisin_______eastofChina.A./B.anC.theD.a3.Billis______Englishteacher.Helikesplaying______football.A.a,theB.an,theC.a,/D./,/4.Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalf_____hourtogothereby______bus.A.an,/B.an,aC.a,/D./,/5.Thestoryis______interesting.Thatmeansitis______interestingstory.A.an,theB.the,a.C./,anD./,a6.Let’sgofor______walk,shallwe?A.aB.anC.theD./7.Thisis______interestingstory-bookanditisalso______usefulone.A.a,aB.an,anC.an,aD.a,an8._______womanoverthereis______popularteacherinourschool.A.A,anB.The,aC.The,theD.A,the9.Theypassedourschool______daybeforeyesterday.A.anB.oneC.aD.the10.Australiais______English-speakingcountry. A.aB.anC.theD./11.Don’tplay______basketballhere.It’sdangerous.A.aB.anC./D.the12.Thisis______apple.It’s_______bigapple.A.an,aB.a,theC.a,anD.an,the13.---Haveyouseen______bag?Ileftitherejustnow.---Isit______oneonthechairnearthedoor?A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a14.Ihave______bluecoat.A.aB.anC.theD.some15.Thisis_____orange._______orangeisonthetable.A.a,TheB.an,TheC.an,AnD.the,An16.Haveyouhad______breakfast?A.aB.anC.theD./17.Hewonderedwhenthedoctorcouldfinish_____operation.A.aB.anC.theD.any18.After______supper,hestayedathomeandplayed______violin.A.the,theB./,theC./,aD./,/19.Thereis______appleontheplate.A.aB.anC.theD./20.Hesaidthathegot______“C”inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD./ 21.______newbridgehasbeenbuiltover______HuangpuRiver.A.The,aB.A,/C.A,theD.An,an22.Englishis_______usefullanguagein______world.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,theD.an,an23.Intheword“cariage”_______“r”islost.A.theB.anC.aD./24.Withthehelpofhisteacherhestudiedhardandgot______“A”inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD.one25.Ihavetwodogs.______blackoneistwoyearsoldand______yellowoneisthreeyearsold.A.A,aB.The,aC.The,theD.A.the26.LiDancanplay______pianoverywell.A./B.aC.anD.the27.What______interestingfilmitis!Ilike______filmverymuch.A.a,theB.a,aC.an,theD.The,/28.______tallmanoverthereisour______Englishteacher.A.A,theB.The,aC.A,anD.The,/代词一、本周内容概述1.代词的作用严格地讲,代词是代替名词的,在句子中起名词的作用,可用作:1)主语例如: Thisisournewhome.这是我们的新家。Whoisonthephone?谁在打电话?2)宾语例如:Takegoodcareofyourself.多多保重。Weshouldhelpeachother.我们应互相帮助。3)表语例如:That’snotmine.那不是我的。Whoisit?—It’sme.谁呀?—是我。4)同位语例如:Webothliveinthedormitory.我们两人都住宿舍。Heatethemall.他把它们全吃了。 5)呼语例如:Bepatient,everybody.大家都耐心点。2.代词的分类代词通常可分为以下八类:1)人称代词(I,you,he,we等)2)物主代词(our,your,their,his等)3)反身代词(myself,ourselves,yourself,itself等)4)相互代词(eachother,oneanother)5)指示代词(this,that,these,those等)6)疑问代词(who,what,which,whose等)7)关系代词(who,that,which,whose等)8)不定代词(both,all,some,any等)二、重点知识归纳及讲解(一)人称代词1.人称代词的单数、复数和主格、宾格数格人称单数复数主格宾语主格宾格第一人称I我mewe我们us 第二人称you你youyou你们you第三人称he他she她it它himherit他们they她们它们them2.人称代词的用法1)人称代词的主格在句子中充当主语例如:IamstudyingEnglishnow.我现在正在学英语。Weloveourcountry.我们热爱我们的国家。如果有几个人称代词并列充当主语,它们的顺序是:单数形式you,heandI复数形式we,youandthey2)人称代词的宾语在句子中充当宾语、介词宾语或表语。例如:Canyouhelpus?你能帮助我们吗? Wearewaitingforthem.我们正在等他们。Whoisthere?It’sme.是谁呀?是我。(二)物主代词物主代词用来表示人和物之间的所有关系,这类代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,并有不同的人称和单复数之分。2.形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别1)形容词性物主代词不能独立使用,只作定语,用来修饰后面的名词。例如:Myparentsarebothdoctors.我的父母都是医生。Wesawafilmyesterday.ItsnamewasSpeed.我们昨天看了一场电影,片名是《生死时速》。2)名词性物主代词应独立使用,后面不跟名词,相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,它们在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。例如:Isthisherpen?No,hersisred.(主语)这是她的钢笔吗?不,她的是红色的。Let’scleantheirroomfirst,andthencleanours.(宾语)咱们先打扫他们的房间,然后再打扫我们的。Theselettersarehis.(表语)这些信是他的。 (三)反身代词反身代词用来表示反射或强调。1.反身代词的形式人称一二三单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2.反身代词的用法1)在句子中作宾语,表示动作回射到动作的执行者本身。例如:Mygrandmotheristoooldtolookafterherself.我奶奶年纪太大了,照顾不了她自己。LeiFengwasalwaysreadytohelpothers,heneverthoughtofhimself.雷锋总是乐于帮助别人,从不考虑自己。2)在句中作名词或代词的同位语,用来加强语气,常可译为“亲自”、“本人”等。在这种情况下,反身代词可以紧跟名词或代词之后,也可以放到句末。例如:Weourselveswillbuildthefactory.我们将自己建造这个工厂。Hespoketomemyself.他对我本人说话。3)反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。例如:byoneself亲自foroneself为自己 calloneself称自己teachoneself自学helponeselfto随意吃loseoneself迷路speaktooneself自言自语seatoneself就座makeoneselfunderstood让别人懂得自己的意思(四)指示代词指示代词是表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词,如:this,that,these,those等。英语中指示代词的用法同汉语中的情况相似。this和these一般用来指较近的事物,that和those则指较远的事物。指示代词可以充当句子中的主语、定语、宾语或表语。例如:Thisisadifficultquestion.这是个难题。Thatbasketballisn’tours.那个篮球不是我们的。Doyoulikethese?你喜欢这些吗?(五)不定代词不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。1.不定代词有以下形式:some,somebody,someone,something,any,anybody,anyone,anything,nobody,nothing,all,both,neither,none,either,each,everybody,everyone,everything,other,another,much,one2.不定代词在句子中的作用:1)作主语例如: Everyonehascome.Let’sbegin.大家都到了,我们开始吧。Bothofhisparentsaredoctors.他的父母都是医生。Oneistheteacher,theothersarestudents.一人是老师,其余的是学生。2)作宾语例如:Thisoneistoosmall,pleaseshowmeanother.这个太小,请另外拿一个给我看看。Pleaseintroducemetotheothers.请把我介绍给所有其他的人。3)作表语例如:That’sallfortoday.今天就到这儿吧。It’stoomuchforme.这件事非我力所能及。3.常见不定代词的用法讲解1)some和anya.some常用于肯定句,any多用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句,两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。例如: Somesayyesandsomesayno.有的人说是,有的人说不是。Idon’tlikeanyofthem.我对他们一个也不喜欢。Doesanyofthemknowthis?他们当中有谁知道吗?b.如果在提问时期待对方肯定回答,或鼓励别人说yes时,疑问句中的不定代词要用some,不用any。例如:Wouldyoulikesomeofthetickets?你想要些票吗?c.在强调“任何一个”意思的时候,any也可用于肯定句。例如:Youcantakeanyofthenewspapershere.你可以拿这儿任何一份报纸。2)either和neithereither用于肯定,neither用于否定,二者均限于两个个体的情况。例如:Youcanseetalltreesoneitheroftheriverbanks.在河的两岸你们能看到高大的树。Neitherofthemwantstoseethefilmwithme.他们两个谁也不想和我去看电影。3)one和ones(one的复数形式) one可以指某人,人人或某物,也可以用来代替上文中提及的可数名词,以避免用词的重复。当one指人时,其反身代词为oneself,所有格形式是one’s。例如:Oneshouldfollowthelaws.人人应该遵守法律。Theoneinredisourmonitor.穿红衣服的那位是我们的班长。Shanghaihasalotofnewbuildings,butitalsohasmanyoldones.上海有很多新的建筑物,也有不少老的建筑物。4)复合不定代词复合不定代词是由some,any,no,every同body,one,thing等词构成的代词。复合不定代词都可看作单数,表示“某人”或“某物”,并在句中作主语、宾语或表语。同some和any在用法上的区别一样,some,someone和something一般用于肯定句,anybody,anyone和anything一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。例如:Wewantsomebodytohelpus.我们想要有人来帮助我们。Haveyoufoundanythinghere?你们在这儿发现什么了吗?Ifanyonecomestovisitus,tellhimwehavegonetothecinema.如果有人来访,就告诉他我们去电影院了。表示人的复合不定代词后面都可以加’s构成所有格。例如:Somebody’swallethasjustbeenstolen. 有人的钱包刚刚被偷了。复合不定代词要求后置定语。例如:Wewillhavesomethingimportanttodothisafternoon.今天下午我们有些重要事情要做。(六)疑问代词疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词,如who,whom,whose,what和which等。在疑问句中,疑问代词一般都放在句首,并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。例如:Whoisyourmathsteacher?(表语)谁是你们的数学老师?Whosebagisthat?(定语)那是谁的书包?WhoteachesyouEnglish?(主语)谁教你们英语?Whomareyoutalkingabout?(宾语)你们在谈论谁?(七)相互代词相互代词是表示相互关系的代词,其形式如下表。主格和宾格所有格eachotheroneanothereachother’s oneanother’s在当代英语中,eachother和oneanother意思上没有区别,它们在句中可以作宾语,其所有格可以作定语。(互相)(彼此的)例如:Doyouoftenhelpeachother?你们经常互相帮助吗?Weareinterestedinoneanother’swork.我们对彼此的工作感兴趣。三、随堂监测A组I.选择填空:1.Thisdictionaryisnothers.It’s_______.A.IB.meC.mineD.my2.---Isthis______magazine?---No,itisn’t.It’s________.A.your,herB.hers,mineC.yours,hersD.your,hers3.Therearetwobooksonthedesk.Oneisamathsbook,_______isanEnglishbook.A.othersB.otherC.theotherD.another4._______ofthegirlsplaystenniswell.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some5.Maryspeaksveryquickly._______isdifficulttounderstandwhatsheissaying.A.ThatB.sheC.ItD.There6.Theschoolwasbuiltbythevillagers_______. A.usB.ourselvesC.themD.themselves7.Heputafingerinto______mouthandsuckedit.A.hisB.heC.himD.his’s8.Heisalwaysreadytohelp______.A.anotherB.othersC.theotherD.other9.Let_______dothisexercisemyself.A.himB.herC.usD.me10.Haveyou_______totellus?A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportantC.importantanythingD.anythingimportant11.Imetanoldfriendof______on______wayhome.A.mine,myB.my,theC.mine,aD.mine,the12.______ofthestudentsinourclasshasaticket.A.EveryB.BothC.EachD.All13.Thereareseveralbooksonthedesk.._____ofthemisEnglish.A.AllB.BothC.NoneD.Neither14._______liveinShanghai.A.WeB.OurC.OursD.Ourselves15.---Isthis______jacket?---Yes,it’s_______.A.her,herB.her,hersC.hers,herD.hers,hers16.---_______isthatboy?---He’smyson.A.WhoB.WhomC.WhatD.Which 17._______humans______animalscanlivewithoutair.A.Both,andB.Neither,norC.Either,orD.Notonly,butalso18.Theyhavetwenty-sixdesksintheclassroom.Oneisfortheteacher,______areforthestudents.A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others19.Mydictionaryisinmybag.Whereis_______?A.yoursB.youC.yourselfD.your20.Ithinkyoucandothejob______.A.yourselfB.myselfC.himselfD.your21.---WhichjacketisMary’s?---Theredoneis_______.A.sheB.herC.hersD.his22.Myunclewassoangrythathewasno______whenhefoundIwasbeatinghisdog.A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he23.Therearemanytreeson______sideofthestreet.A.allB.bothC.everyD.each24._____isimportantforustokeepthebalanceofnature.A.ThereB.ThatC.ThisD.It25.Shecan’tfind______watch.A.hersB.itC.herD.it’s26.Thereis______milkintheglass.A.manyB.littleC.fewD.afew27.Pleasepass______thecapoftea.A.meB.myC.mineD.I 28.Haveyouheardfrom______recently?A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.their29.Thereis_____waterinthebottle.A.notB.someC.anyD.many30.Thereisn’t______foodleftonthetable.A.manyB.fewC.muchD.little31.Sorry,Ican’tansweryourquestion.Iknow______aboutthenews.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew32.Thisishisschoolbag,______isonthedesk.A.myB.yoursC.yourD.you33.Wemadetheradio______.A.usB.ourselvesC.myselfD.our34.Wouldpleasegiveme______hottea?A.oneB.littleC.someD.any35.---Wouldyoulikesomemilkinyourtea?---Yes,just_______.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few36.Thisquestionissodifficultthat______studentscananswerit.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle37.Theyhaveonly_________homeworkforSunday.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle38.Theytoldusabouttheirschoolandwetoldthemabout_______.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours 39.Thisbluesuitlooksbetterthanthegreen________.A./B.oneC.suitsD.ones40._________isyourfather,aworkerorateacher?A.HowB.WhichC.WhatD.Who四、随堂监测B组II.中考题集:1.---Whosepaintingisthis?It’sreallywonderful!---Oh,it’snot________.It’s_________.A.hers;yourB.mine;Elsa’sC.yours;he’sD.his;my2._________ofthetwinswenttowatchPekingOperalastSunday.Theywerestayingathomeallthatday.A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.One3.TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare__________newwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few4.Thisrulerismine.__________isoverthere.A.SheB.She’sC.HerD.Hers5.I’lltellyou________newsaboutthesportsmeeting.A.manyB.someC.afew6.Alltheboyswereverytired,but_______ofthemwouldtakearest.A.allB.neitherC.anyD.none7.EverydayMr.Huchecks_________homeworkandcorrectsthemistakeswemake.A.hisB.herC.ourD.its 8.---Whenshallwemeetagain,thisafternoonortonight?---Idon’tmind._________timeisOK.A.EitherB.EveryC.NeitherD.Both9.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker;________isateacher.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.theother10.Pass_________theknife,please.Mypencilisbroken.A.IB.meC.myD.mine11.---Whichdoyouprefer,orangejuiceorcoke?---_________,thanks.I’dlikejustacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None12.Bobcouldn’tbuythedictionarybecausehehad_________moneywithhim.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little13.Thisisnotmydictionary.It’s________.A.herB.hisC.yourD.their14.---Oh!Icamenahurryandforgottobringfood.---Nevermind.Youcanhave_________.A.usB.oursC.youD.yours15.---Thewatchissonice!Isitfor________?---Yes.Happybirthday.Mary!---Thankyouverymuch.A.hisB.meC.myD.hers16.---MayIuseyourpen? ---Yes,herearetwoandyoucanuse________ofthem.A.bothB.everyC.anyD.either17.---Whosebookisthis?---It’s________.A.myB.mineC.meD.I18.---HowmanymoreorangescanIhave?---Youcanhaveonemore.__________areforTom.A.TheothersB.AnotherC.OthersD.Theother19.---CanItalktoyouforaminute,Brain?---Sure,Ihave_______time.A.afewB.littleC.fewD.alittle20.TheirEnglishteacherisfromAmerica,but________isfromEngland.A.oursB.myC.yourD.her21.Annehasason._______nameisEdward.A.HerB.HisC.HersD.Him22.Thisisn’tmysweater.It’s__________,Ithink.A.sheB.herC.hersD.mine23.Hurryup!There’s_________timeleft.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle24.---CouldIhavesomemilk?---Certainly.There’s________inthebottle.A.littleB.alittleC.afewD.few 25.Youcan’tseemanyofthestarsintheskybecause__________aretoofaraway.A.theyB.theirC.themD.theirs26.LeiFengasked_________forreturnwhenhehelpedothers.A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.something27.---Isityourticket?---No,_________isinmypocket.It’s________.A.mine;herB.my;hisC.mine;hersD.my;hers28.Canyoutellme________sheiswaitingfor?A.whyB.whoseC.whomD.which29.MissBrownwillteach________Englishnextterm.A.usB.weC.ourD.ours30.Thereis_________intoday’snewspaper.A.newanythingB.newsomethingC.anythingnewD.somethingnew数词一、本周内容概述表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词可分为基数词和序数词两类。二、重点知识归纳及讲解(一)基数词基数词用来表示数目,或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。1one11eleven100ahundred2two12twelve20twenty1000athousand 3three13thirteen30thirty1,000,000amillion4four14fourteen40forty10,000,000tenmillion5five15fifteen50fifty100,000,000ahundredmillion6six16sixteen60sixty1,000,000,000abillion7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten说明:1.13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。2.20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成,注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty,thirty,forty和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。3.其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“-”,再加个位数构成。如:81eighty-one。4.101—999的基数词先写百位数,后加and再写十位数和个位数。如:691sixhundredandninety-one。5.1000以上的基数词先写千位数,后写百位数,再加and,最后写十位数和个位数。如:5893fivethousandeighthundredandninety-three。在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词,没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词,而是用thousand(千)和million(百万)来表达,其换算关系为:1万=10thousand;1亿=100million;10亿=athousandmillion=abillion。7.多位数的读法:1)1000以上的多位数,要使用计数间隔或逗号“,”。即从个位起,每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand(千),第二个间隔或逗号前是million(百万),第三个间隔或逗号前是athousandmillion或abillion(十亿)。2)每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。读的时候十位数(或个位数)的前面一般要加and。如: 888,000,000读作:eighthundredandeighty-eightmillion。(二)、基数词的用法1.基数词的复数形式表示大量的的数目。在这种情况下,表示单位的基数词(hundred,thousand,million,billion)不能在词尾加-s。例如:twohundredstudents二百个学生fivethousandyears五千年2.基数词的复数形式表示大量的的数目,在这种情况下,表示单位的基数词词尾加-s,要与of短语连用。3.基数词在句中的作用基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词,它在句子中可充当主语,宾语,表语和定语。例如:Threeandfiveiseight.3+5=8主语表语Howmanyorangesdoyouwant?你要多少桔子?Iwanteight.我要八个。宾语Thereareeightboatsinthelake.湖里有八条小船。定语(三)序数词表示顺序的词,叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外,序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。请见下表: 第一到第十第十一到第十九第二十以上firsteleventhtwentiethsecondtwelfththirtieththirdthirteenthfortiethfourthfourteenthfiftiethfifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventiethseventhseventeentheightietheightheighteenthninetiethninthnineteenthhundredthtenththousandth说明:1.英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式,要注意它们的拼写。2.表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。3.其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如:fifty-first(第五十一)。4.少数序数词拼法不规则,如:fifth(第五),eighth(第八),ninth(第九),twelfth(第十二)等。注意:1.序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。例如:第一:(the)first=1st第二:(the)second=2nd第三:(the)third=3rd 第五:(the)fifth=5th第九十七:(the)ninety-seventh=97th第一百零一:(the)onehundred(and)first=101st2.编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序,但是基数词要后置。例如:第一课:LessonOne第三十二页:Page32第305房间:Room305第12路公共汽车:BasNo.12五、序数词的用法序数词和基数词一样,也能起名词或形容词作用,在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如:Thefirstisbiggerthanthesecond.第一个比第二个大。主语Givemethefirst.把第一个给我。宾语She’softenthefirsttogotoschool.她经常第一个去上学。表语We’regoingtolearntheeighthlesson.我们将要学习第八课。定语六、年、月、日和时间的表达法1.年份用基数词表达,分两位一读,年份前用介词in。 例如:1999nineteenninety-nine2000twothousand2001twothousandandone2.月份的第一个字母要大写,有些月份名称有缩写形式。例如:一月January(Jan.),二月February(Feb.),三月March(Mar.),四月(Apr.),五月May,六月June,七月July,八月August(Aug.),九月September(Sep.),十月October(Oct.),十一月November(Nov.),十二月December(Dec.)。3.日期的表达要用序数词,读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。例如:在6月1日:onJune1st读作:onJunethefirst.年、月、日同时表达时,一般应先写月、日、后写年。例如:在2001年5月4日:onMay4th,2001。4.年代用基数词的复数表示。例如:20世纪90年代:nineteennineties21世纪20年代:twentytwenties5.时间表达法:时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。例如:顺读法倒读法5:00five(o’clock) 6:18sixeighteeneighteenpastsix12:15twelvefifteenfifteen(aquarter)pasttwelve4:30fourthirtyhalfpastfour5:50fivefiftytentosix6:45sixforty-fiveaquartertoseven注意:1)表示整点时间,直接用基数词表达,后边可接o’clock(也可不加)。表达“几点几分”时,绝不能用o’clock。2)表达“15分”或“45分”时,常用quarter(刻)。3)在倒读法中,如果钟点不过半,须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式;如果钟点过半,则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点(下个钟点数)”的形式。例如:8:20twentypasteight8:40twentytonine6.分数的表达法1)分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母用复数。2)小数的读法:小数点前面的数按照基数词的读法,小数点后面的数按照数本身读,小数点读point。例如:0.38zeropointthreeeight96.89ninety-sixpointeightnine3)百分数,在数词后加percent。例如:15%读作:fifteenpercent 60%读作:sixtypercent7.表示语数1)…几倍大小(长短,数量)=…几倍(或分数)+thesize(length,amount)。例如:Theearthisforty-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。2)…比…几倍=…倍数(或分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than+被比部分。例如:Hishouseisthreetimesbiggerthanmine.他的房子比我的房子大三倍。3)…是…倍=…倍数(或分数)+as+形容词+as+被比部分。例如:Thisfactoryisfourtimesasbigasthatone.这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍。8.表示约数1)“多于”用morethan或over。例如:Thestreetisover(morethan)500metreslong.这条街有500多米长。2)“小于”用lessthan。例如:Threearelessthan30peopleintheclassroom. 教室里不到三十人。3)“或…以上”用ormore。例如:Thebuildingcanhold5000peopleormore.那座建筑物可容纳5000人或5000人以上。4)“或…以下”用orless。例如:Wecanfinishtheworkintwoweeksorless.我们可以在两周内或不到两周完成这件工作。5)“大约”用about,around,nearly等。例如:Theboxweighsabout50pounds.这箱子重约50镑。6)“左右”用orso.例如:Inthepasttenyearsorso,theyhavechangedalot.在过去的十年里,他们改变了许多。三、随堂监测A组I.写出下列基数词相应的序数词:1.one__________2.two_________3.three_________4.five________5.eight__________6.nine_________7.twelve_________8.twenty__________9.thirty-one__________10.forty-four___________11.fifty-seven____________ II.把下列短语译成英语:1.第12课________________________2.304号房间_______________________3.半小时________________________4.每日三次_______________________5.第25页_______________________6.20世纪90年代___________________7.4路公共汽车_____________________8.第15中学_____________________9.21世纪_________________________10.两吨半______________________11.差一刻三点_____________________12.第二册________________________13.在他五十几岁时___________________14.二年级八班____________________15.10:45_____________________________16.第十五单元____________________17.第三册第十三课_______________________18.三分之一__________________19.三百英镑_________________________20.1994年3月22日__________________四、随堂监测B组III.选择填空:1.333reads___________.A.threehundredandthirtythreeB.threehundredsandthirty-threeC.threehundredandthirty-threeD.threehundredthirty-three2.The_______monthoftheyearisFebruary.A.oneB.firstC.twoD.second3.Thebeautifulskirtsareonshowintheshop,Janelikes_______.A.theninthB.theninethC.nineD.ninth4.Ittookme_______tofinishmyhomework.A.ahalfandtwohourB.twohourandahalf C.twoandahalfhourD.twoandahalfhours5.Decemberisthe_______monthoftheyear.A.twelveB.twelvethC.twelviethD.twelfth6.Tombought______forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes7.Thereare_______secondsinaminute.A.fourtyB.fortyC.sixteenD.sixty8.LinTaogetsupat______inthemorning.A.halfpastsixB.sixpasthalfC.pasthalfsixD.halfsixpast9.December______isChristmas.A.twenty-fiveB.thetwenty-fifthC.thetwentieth-fiveD.twentieth-fifth10.Thereare_____starsintheuniverse.A.millionsB.millionofC.millionsofD.million11.Mondayisthe_______dayoftheweek.A.twoB.secondC.threeD.third12.Mr.Blacklefthere_____ago.A.halfahourB.halfanhourC.anhalfhourD.ahalfhours13.Thereare_____studentsintheirschool.A.ninehundredB.ninehundredsC.ninehundredofD.ninehundredsof14.Thereare_____wordsinthetextofthe_____Lesson.A.hundredof,FifthB.ahundredof,Fiveth C.hundredsof,FifthD.hundredsof,Fiveth15.Wehadlearnedabout_____Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A.ninehundredsandforty-fiveB.ninehundredsofandforty-fiveC.ninehundredandforty-fiveD.ninehundredandfourty-fiveIV.中考题集:1.About______peopleareinthePeople’sParkatweekends.A.twohundredsB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.hundredof2.ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDam(三峡大坝)shouldbe_____higherthandownstream(下游).A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifthmeters3.Inourschoolseveral_____studentsareabletosearchtheInternetforusefulinformationnow.A.hundredofB.hundredsforC.hundredD.hundreds4.Iwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamI?A.21B.22C.23D.245.WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon_______.A.July1,1921B.October1,1949C.August1,1927D.May1,19226.Lookatthemenu:SNACKSHamburger$2.60Orangejuice$1.20Hotdog$2.15Coffee$1.00Icecream$2.00Cokeregular$0.75Popcorn$1.00large$1.00 Jeffwantstobuyahamburger,alargecokeandicecream.Howmuchwillhepay?A.Fivedollarsandsixtycents.B.Fivedollarsandthirty-fivecents.C.Threedollarsandsixtycents.D.Twodollars.7.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo_______.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof8.Thefilmstarisgoingtospend______dollarsonanewdressforthecomingparty.A.threethousandsB.thousandsofC.thousandofD.threethousandsof9.Thereare______doctorsandnursesworkinghardinthathospital.A.thousandB.twothousandC.twothousandsD.twothousandsof10.---Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?---________,butI’mnotsure.A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred11.Ithink______lessonisthemostdifficultinthisbook.A.fiveB.fifthC.thefifthD.fifteen1._______travelerscometovisitourcityeveryyear.A.HundredofB.HundredsofC.FivehundredsD.Hundred2.TheGamesof______Olympiadin2008willbeheldinthecityofBeijing.A.29B.the29C.29thD.the29th3.FanZhiyi’stransfertoDundeeFootballClubattheendoflastyeararoused______Chinesepeople’sinterest.A.thousandofB.thousandC.thousandsofD.thousands4.About______filmswereshownduringthe5thShanghaiInternationalFilmFestival.A.twohundredofB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.twohundreds 5.---Doyouhaveenoughmentocarrythesechairs?---No.Ithinkweneed______men.A.anotherB.twoothersC.moretwoD.twomore6.---Canyouwritethenumbereightfivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?---Yes,itis_____________.A.85662B.85626C.58662D.586267.There’re______studentsinourgrade.A.hundredsofB.threehundredsofC.threehundredsD.threehundreds’8.______oftheworkersinthisfactoryisabouttwohundred,_______ofthemarewomenworkers.A.Thenumber,firstthirdB.Thenumber,onethirdC.Anumber,halfD.Anumber,threequarters9._______GermanscometovisitChinaeveryyear.A.ThousandsofB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousands动词(I)重点知识归纳及讲解一、概述动词是表示动作或状态的词。句子中的谓语成分是由动词充当的,谓语通常是句中不可缺少的成分,因此动词是英语词类中最重要的一种。动词可以通过本身的变化来表示动作发生的时间以及说话人的语气、态度等。1.动词的种类动词按其词义和在句中的作用可以分为:行为动词(或称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。详见下表:动词分类特征例词例句行为动词 vt./vi.表示动作或状态。有完整的词义。能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语、分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)help帮助(vt.)see看见(vt.)go去(vi.)fly飞(vi.)Heoftenhelpsme.Icanseeabirdinthetree.Planescanfly.连系动词linkv.本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语(名词性合成谓语)be是look看起来seem似乎get变得become变成,成为HeisanEnglishteacher.Theylookthesame.助动词v.aux.本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来