广州初中英语语法之学案5-情态动词 8页

初中语法——情态动词专题（ByIvan）考纲要求1.掌握出现频率较高的情态动词can,may,must,need等词的用法。2.注意常见情态动词的提问和回答，尤其是MayI…?和MustI…?的否定回答。3.掌握情态动词表示推测的用法，尤其注意can’t和mustn’t的区别近三年广州市中考考查情况年份题型分值难易程度考点备注2010单项选择1容易题情态动词否定意义的区别2011单项选择1容易题从语境中区别情态动词；情态动词否定意义的区别2012单项选择1容易题从语境中区别情态动词命题规律近三年情态动词的考查题型以单项选择题为主；其考查内容主要集中在常用情态动词的基本用法的区别上，特别是否定意义的不同。预计2013年广州中考在情态动词方面主要会考查may,must和can’t表示猜测的用法。第一部分：情态动词概述1.含义：表示命令、允许、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、敢于、需要等的动词是情态动词。2.特征：◆它本身有一定的词义，表示说话人对某一动作的看法和态度。但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语；情态动词没有人称和数的变化。含有情态动词的句子改为问句和否定句时，无需添加助动词，可直接构成问句和否定句。如；Hecouldbeheresoon.　　他很快就来。　　Wecan"tcarrytheheavybox.　　我们搬不动那箱子。　　I"msorryIcan"thelpyou.　　对不起，我帮不上你。基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是:基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。如：Whathaveyoubeendoingsince?（构成完成进行体，本身无词义）　　IamafraidImustbegoing.（一定要）　　Youmayhavereadsomeaccountofthematter.（或许已经）3.分类：　　1）只做情态动词：must,can/could,may/might,oughtto,beableto2）可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare，have/hadto,usedto　　3）具有情态动词特征：have(had,has)to,usedto　　4.形式变化：1)情态动词没有人称和数的变化,第三人称单数的现在时也无变化。2)有些情态动词有过去式,有的过去式和它的原型相同。a.有过去式的有:can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—shouldhaveto—hadtob.有些情态动词有过去式，有少数过去式和它的原形相同。must—must(或hadto)oughtto—oughttoneed—needdare—dare(亦可用dared)c.否定式shallnot—shan’twillnot—won’tcannot—can’tmustnot—mustn’tshouldnot—shouldn’tdarenot—daren"twouldnot—wouldn’tcouldnot—couldn’tneednot—needn’t8 5.情态动词can,may,must的用法：★can用法1）表示能力，“能，会”----与beableto同义，但can只用于现在时和过去时，beableto可用于各种时态。如：Twoeyescanseemorethanone.Hecanswimwell,butIcan"t.注：Canyou…?Yes,Ican/No,Ican’t.2)表示“许可，可以”----用could比can语气更加委婉客气，常用于couldI/you…..?句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could.如；CouldIborrowthebook?No,youcan’t.3）表示推测“可能”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。（can’t表示一定不是）如：Itcan’tbetrue.Canitbetrue?★may用法1）表示“请求，许可”（=can）----表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。如：MayIsueyourdictionary?我可以用你的字典吗？注：MayI…?Yes,youmayNo,youcan’t/mustn’t.在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes,please./Certainly.2）表示推测，“可能，或许”（谈论可能性，一般用于肯定句。）如：ImaygotothemarketnextMonday.Shemaybeintheclassroom.Maybeheknowsthenews.=Hemayknowthenews.★must用法1）表示义务，意为“必须”（主观意志）。如：YoumuststayhereuntilIcomeback.你必须在这儿直到我回来。注：-MustI…?-Yes,youmust/No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).如Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.--Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?--No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.2）mustn’t表禁止、不允许。如：Youmustn’ttalktoherlikethat.3）表示有把握的判断或揣测，意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。如：Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.She’swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。如：Youmustbeamiddle-schoolstudent,aren"tyou?　　Itmustbeyou,isn"tit?这肯定是你，是吗？Theremustbesomethingwrong,________?★need的用法need既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1)用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。a)--NeedI…?--Yes,youmust/No,youneedn’t.如Needwefinishtheworktoday?Yesyou______?A.needB.canC.mayD.mustb)need+dosth.变否定句：needn’tdosth变疑问句：Needsbdosth?2)用作实义动词a)need+todosth.变否定句：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+needtodosth.变疑问句：Do/Does/Didsb+needtosth?b)当主语是物时。Sth+need+doingsth=Sth+needtobedone.如：Thetableneedspainting.=Thetableneedstobepainted.8 ★shall,will的用法1）Shall用于第一人称I/We，表示征求对方意见或表示客气的请求。will用于第二、三人称,Will在一般疑问句中表示客气地"请求"2）用来征求对方意见，3）用来表示意愿。★would,should的用法1）would,should为will，shall的过去式；2）would用于现在时，表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法；3）should还有“应该”的意思，但语气比must弱。【即时消化“1打题”】()1.----CanIwearanyclothesIliketoschool?----No,youcan’t.You__________wearauniform.A.mightB.mustC.willD.would()2.______youpassmeapen?I"dliketowritedownthetelephonenumber.　　A.NeedB.CouldC.MustD.Should()3.----______IborrowyourMP3?----Sure.Hereyouare.　　A.MayB.ShouldC.MustD.Would()4.----______youplaygolf?----No.ButIcanplaytabletennis.A．CanB.MayC.MustD.Should()5.----I"msorry.Ididn"twintheraceyesterday.----That"sOK.You______wineverytime.　　A.can"tB.mustC.canD.mustn"t()6.Cars,busesandbikes______stopwhenthetrafficlightisred.A.canB.mustC.mayD.need()7._________Iopenthewindow?It"shothere.A.MustB.ShallC.WillD.Would()8.GoandaskMr.Liu.He_________tellyou.A.mayB.canC.wouldD.could()9._________youpleasetellmethetimeplease?A.ShallB.WillC.MayD.Might()10._________IspeaktoMr.Green，please?A.WillB.CouldC.MustD.Would()11.----______youswim?----Yes,butI’mnotagoodswimmer.A.CanB.May   C.Need   D.Must()12.----____________Iborrowthesemagazines?----Sorry,onlythemagazinesovertherecanbeborrowed.A.MustB.WouldC.MayD.Need★情态动词否定式的意思can’t________________mustn’t________________shouldn’t________________needn’t=don’thaveto________________won’t________________hadbetternot+动词原形________________8 【即时消化题】()1.They_________playfootballlastFridaybecauseSimonforgottobringhisfootballhere.A.couldB.couldn’tC.can’tD.can()2.----_________Itryoutalltheideas?----No,you_________.A.Must,mustn"tB.Need,needC.Must,don"thavetoD.Must,don"t()3.----Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?----I"dloveto.ButI"mafraidI___.Ihavetoomuchworktodo.A.can"tB.mustn"tC.needn"tD.maynot()4.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful，rubbish_________intotheriver.A.needn"tbethrownB.mustn"tbethrownC.can"tthrowD.maynotthrow()5.Don"tworry!Wecangettothebusstationintimeand________theearlybus.A.don"tmissB.canmissC.willmissD.won"tmiss()6.----Pleasedon"tmakeanynoiseinthereadingroom.----_________A.Sorry,Iwon"t.B.Sorry,Ican"t.C.Yes,Iwon"t.D.OK,Ididn"t.()7.----MustIreturnyourdigitalcameratomorrow,Tina?----No,you_________.A.mustn"tB.maynotC.needn"tD.won"t()8.----Wouldyoulikesomemore?----_________I"mfull.A.Yes,please.B.I"dloveto.C.No,Iwouldn"t.D.No,thanks.()9.You_________swiminthispartofthelake.It"sdangerous.A.mustn"tB.maynotC.needn"tD.won"t()10.----Youre-mailaddressagain?I______quitecatchit.----HrZhou@263.com.A.don"tB.can"tC.won"tD.didn"t【重点】情态动词表示猜测的用法()1.----Thispairofshoes________belongtoJack.Helikesthiskindverymuch.----It_______behis.It’stoolargeforhim.A.can;can’tB.may;needn’tC.must;mustn’tD.must;can’t()2.----Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?　　----I"dloveto.ButI"mafraidI______.Ihavetoomuchworktodo.　　A.can"tB.mustn"tC.needn"tD.maynot()3.----Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMr.Li?　　----No,it______behim.Mr.Liismuchtaller.　　A.mustn"tB.won"tC.can"tD.needn"t()4.----IsthatMr.Brown?----No,it__________MrBrown.HewenttoLondonthismorning.A.mustn’tbeB.can’tbeC.maynotbeD.shouldn’tbe()5.----Look!Themanatthegate________beourheadmaster.Heisalwaysstandingthereeverymorning.----No,it_____behim.Heisholdingameetingintheofficenow.A.must,can’tB.must,mustn’tC.can’t,can’tD.can’t,mustn’t8 ()6.----Whosenotebookisthis?----ItJane’s.Ithashernameonit.A.mustbeB.mightbelongtoC.maybeD.couldbe()7.----WhatwouldyousendtoyoursisterastheChristmasgift?----Ihaven’tdecidedyet.I______sendherahandbag.A.shallB.mayC.must()8.----Susanhasboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.----It________beveryexpensive.Ineverevendreamaboutit.A.mustB.mightC.can’tD.shouldn’t()9.----Excuseme,wherearewegoingtohaveourclassmeeting?----I’mnotsure.Askourmonitor,please.He_know.A.canB.mayC.needD.shall()10.Annahasn’tcometoschooltoday.Ithinkshe________beill.A.can   B.hasto   C.may   D.should【重点】含有情态动词的疑问句及其回答()1.----Mayweleavetheclassroomnow?----No,you________.You________toleaveuntilthebellrings.A.mustn’t;areallowedB.don’thaveto;aresupposedC.needn’t;aren’tallowedD.can’t;aren’tsupposed()2.----Itakesomephotosinthehall?----No,you.A.Can;needn"tB.Must;mustn"tC.Could;won"tD.May;mustn"t()3.---______Ifinishmyhomeworktoday?---No,youneedn"t.　　A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Shall()4.---MustIreturnthisbooktoday,Mrs.Smith?---No,you______.Youmaykeepituntilnextweek.　　A.maynotB.can"tC.mustnotD.needn"t()5.---MayIsmokehere?---No,you______.Thisisano-smokingroom.　　A.needn"tB.couldn"tC.mustn"tD.won"t()6.---MayIgonow?---No.You______lettheteacherknowfirst.　　A.needB.mustC.canD.may()7.----CouldIlookatyourpictures?----Yes,ofcourseyou_________.A.couldB.canC.willD.might()8.----MayIwatchTVforawhile？----No,you.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.shouldn"tB.needn"tC.mustn"tD.won"t()9.---Mustwefinishgivingouttheposterstoday?---Yes,we_______.Itcan"tbeputoffanylonger.A.canB.mayC.must()10.---Mum,canIgotothemoviestoday?---Sure,butyoufinishyourschoolworkfirst.A.canB.can’tC.mustD.needn’t★must和haveto的用法区别【例1】Thelastbushadleftsowe_________takeataxitogobacktothehotel.8 A.mustB.canC.hadtoD.needto()1.Whentrafficlightsarered.We_________stopandwait.A.mayB.canC.mustD.might.()2.一Ireallylikeplayingcomputergames!一I"mafraidyou________stop，foryourstudyandyourhealth.A.canB.mayC.mustD.hadto★辨析must和haveto1)两者都表示“必须”的意思，一般情况下，两者可互换。must=haveto2)must“必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。（内在原因）haveto“必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）如：Iwasill,somotherhadtosendforadoctor.Shesaidthatshemuststudyhard.{真题训练}()1.You________stopwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.A.canB.hadbetterC.needD.must()2.—Mum,mustIstaytherethewholeday?—No,you________.You________comebackafterlunch,ifyoulike.A.mustn"t;canB.needn"t;mustC.needn"t;may()3.“Whosenotebookisthis?”“It_______Jim’s.Ithashisnameonit.”A.can’tbeB.mustbeC.canbe()4.There"senoughtimeforyoutogototheairport.You______hurrynow.A.shouldB.needn"tC.mustD.can"t()5.—Mum,mustIwashthedishesrightnow?—No,you______.A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t()6.—______Iswimhere?—I"msorry.Children_______swimalonehere.A.Must;can"tB.May;mustC.Can;mustn"tD.Can"t;can()7.—Youcanhardlyswim_______you?—_______．Butmymothersaysshe’llteachmeduringmysummerholiday．A．can’t；NoB．can；NoC．can’t；YesD．can；Yes()8.—Isthatyourteacher?—That_____beMr.Wang.HehasgonetoJapanwithhiswife.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.maynot()9.—_____yourbrotherspeakJapanese?—Yes,hehaslearntitinTokyoforthreeyears.A.ShouldB.MustC.CanD.May()10.—IsthatgirlunderthetreeMary?—No,that______beMary.SheisinNewYork.A.canB.mustn’tC.can’tD.must()11.—IsMariakockingatthedoor?—It______beher.SheisinAustralianow.A.maynotB.needn"tC.mustn"tD.can"t()12.—Shallwetakeataxi?—No,we.It’snotfarfromhere.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t()13.－You_____behappywiththestrongpublicsupportyou"vereceived.－Yes,you’reright.I"mreallyexcited.　　A.mayB.canC.mustD.need8 ()14.Tom,you_______playwiththeknife．You______hurtyourself．A.won"t;can"tB.mustn"t;mayC.shouldn"t;mustD.can"t;should()15.—Whoisthat?—It_____beShirly.Onlysheisinredtoday.A.couldB.mayC.must()16.—Mybrotherwonthefirstprizeinspeechcompetition.—Congratulations!Youbeexcitedaboutthat!A.needB.mustC.wouldD.can()17.Incompetition,asinlife,you_______notalwayswin.A.mayB.shallC.must()18.Thatman______bemyEnglishteacher.HehasgonetoCanada.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.can’t()19.—Mustwewearourschooluniformthisafternoon?—No,you.Allofuswillgoonanouting.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t()20.—MengFeihadhisarmbrokenwhilerecordingIfYouAretheOneinBeijing.—Really?ThenperhapshehostTVprogramsforsometime.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.can’t()21.—Haveyoudecidedwhichseniorhighschooltochoose?—Notyet.IgotoMoonlightSchool.A.mustB.mayC.needD.should()22.—Ihearyou’vegotanewiPhone4S______Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.A.MayB.DoC.ShallD.Should()23.Theladyinthisphotobeoverfifty!Shelookssoyoung!A.mustn’tB.mustC.can’tD.can()24.—MustIdomyhomeworknow,Mum?—.Youcandoittomorrow.A.No,youneedn’tB.No,youmustn’tC.Yes,youneedD.Yes,youmust()25.—Dad,mustIpracticethepianotoday?—No,you.Youmaydoittomorrow.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.can’t()26.—Excuseme,whenarewegoingtohaveapicnic?—I’mnotsure,Askourmonitor,please.Heknow.A.needB.canC.mayD.shall()27.--I’mafraidIneedapairofglasses.I______hardlyseethewordsontheblackboard.--That’sterrible.Youmayhavegotpooreyesight.A.canB.mustC.mayD.need()28.LastyearI______drive.Iusedtotakethebus.A.couldB.couldn’tC.shouldD.shouldn’t()29.InBritain,you______be18ifyouwanttodriveacar.A.canB.mustC.mayD.might()30.—Youbeexcitedthatyou’regoingbacktoyourhometownsoon.—Yes,Ican’twaitanylonger.A.shallB.canC.needD.must()31.—______Itryonthoseshoesinthewindow?—______.Theyarejustonshow.A.Could;Yes,youcanB.Can;Sorry,youcouldn’tC.Could;Sorry,youcan’tD.Can;Yes,youcould()32.--Mum,mustIstaytherethewholeday?--No,you______.You______comebackafterlunch,ifyoulike.A.mustn"t;canB.needn"t;mustC.needn"t;may()33.—MustIturndowntheradionow?8 —No,you.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.won’t()34.—Whoseisthepencilbox?—It_______beTom"s.Lookathisnameonthecover!A.canB.mayC.mustD.need()35.—Doyouhaveanyplansforthisweekend?—I"mnotsure.I______goclimbingMountYuntai.A.mustB.needC.mayD.can()36.—_____Idothelaundryfirst?—No,you_____.Youcandoyourhomeworkfirst.A.Must;mustn"tBCan；mustn"tC.Must;needn"tD.May;needn"t()37.—Shallwetakeataxi?—No,we.It’snotfarfromhere.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t()38.—MustIwaitforyouhere?—No,you______.A.don"tB.can"tC.mustn’tD.needn’t()39.－Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytothePeople’sPark?－Walkalongthisroadandturnright,andtheparkisonyourright.You______missit.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.maynotD.won’t()40.—Look!Abookisonthefloor.Whoseisit?—It______beRick"s.Ithashisnameonit.A.mustn"tB.can"tC.mustD.need参考答案：1BBAACBBBBBBA2BCABDACDADCA3DACBABABCC4DDBDCDBCCCDCBBDCDACCDDCBCBACCDBACAACABBDBCCBCCCDDBCACDBDABABDBDCDDBCDA8