最新最全备课精编精讲精练中考英语语法专题八 时态语态 15页

 专题八时态和语态【命题趋势】1、时态语态是中考必考内容之一，主要测试学生对动词各种时态和语态的掌握；2、重点考查学生在具体情境中动词的各种时态和语态的运用。【考点归纳】1.动词的八种时态的构成和用法；2.动词被动语态的构成和用法；【语法精讲】一、动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。1、一般现在时1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如：everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,,sometimes,onSunday等。例如：Myfatheroftengetsupearlyinthemorning.Iusuallyhavebreakfastat7:00a.m.2)表示现在的状态Myfatherisatwork.Heisverybusy.3）表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征。Ilikelisteningtomusic.TheyspeakEnglishverywell.ThetaxidriverknowsthecityofNanjinglikethebackofhishand.这位出租车司机对南京这个城市了如指掌。4)表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。　   ①Theearthmovesaroundthesun.　   ②GuangzhouliesinthesouthofChina.【超级点津】 1）在宾语从句中，如果从句表示的是客观真理、科学事实，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：①Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.②Theteachersaidthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2）某些动词如come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start等常用一般现在时表示将来。　　 ①Theplanetakesoffat3o"clock.②WeleaveBeijingnextmonth.3)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。　　①I"lltellhimassoonasIseehim.　　 ②Don’ttellLiPingaboutitifyoumeethim.③Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.2、一般过去时　　表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。Ilivedinasmallvillagelastyear.Whatdidyouhaveforbreakfastthismorning?【超级点津】1)过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用usedto或would加动词原形来表达，例如：      IusedtogoshoppingonSundays.Wewouldturntohimforhelpwhenwewereintrouble.  2)“usedto”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：      Thereusedtobeashopatthecornerofthestreet.3、一般将来时1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如：　　  Ishallworkinthefactorytomorrow.Mydaughterwillbetwentyyearsoldnextyear.2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：HewillgotoseehisgrandmothereverySundaynextyear. 　3）表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺，命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。　　 Hewilldohisbesttocatchupwithhisclassmates.　　 ShallIopenthewindow?4）表示揣测Thiswillbethedictionaryyou’relookingfor.这大概是你要找的那本字典吧。Thegamewillbefinishedbynow.球赛大概已经结束了。　【超级点津】其他几种表示将来时的形式1）begoingto+动词原形。用来表示打算、计划、决定要做某事，或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很有可能要发生的事情。　　 IamgoingtoleaveforShanghainextmonth.2）be+动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。　　 ThepresidentistovisitShanghaithisSunday.　　 Wearetomeettheguestsattheairport.3）beabout+动词不定式，表示马上，很快做某事。　　Weareabouttoleave.Thesportsmeetingisabouttostart.4、现在进行时　1)表示现在或说话时正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,atpresent,atthemoment等时间状语连用。有时有提示词look，listen等。　　 Whatareyoudoingnow?Listen!Someoneissingingintheclassroom.2）表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。Moreandmorepeoplearelosingweight.3)表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作，常与thesedays,thisweek等连用。　　 Wearepreparingforthefinalexamthesedays.4)某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有arrive,come,go,leave,start,begin等。　　 TheyaregoingtoBeijingtomorrow. Thetrainisarrivingsoon.5.现在进行时中有always,forever,continually,constantly,frequently等副词，可用来叙述、表达说话人的赞美、厌恶等情绪。如：Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.他总是考虑别人。Sheisconstantlymakingsuchfoolishmistakes.她老是犯这种愚蠢的错误。【超级点津】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态①表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be,have②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer等。5、现在完成时　1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already/yet/ever/never/just/before/sofar等连用。---Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?---Yes,Ihave.I"vejusthadit.　2)表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since＋时间点或since+从句（一般过去时）;in/duringthelast/pastfewyears(在过去几年间);allone"slife(一生、终生)等时间状语连用。动词要用延续性动词。IhaveknownLiLeiforthreeyears.Theyhavelivedheresince1998.ShehastaughtheresinceIcametothisschool.GreatChangeshavetakenplaceinthepasttenyears.常用的瞬间动词与延续性动转化有：die---bedeadbuy---haveborrow---keepleave---beaway(from)open---beopenjoin---bea+成员/bein+集团start/begin---beonclose---beclosedasleep---beasleepfinish---beovercatchacold---haveacoldcome/go/arrive/get---be+副词/bein/at+名词【超级点津】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比较：Ireadthisbookyesterday.（强调读的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）Ihavereadthisbook.  （强调对现在的影响，书的内容已经知道了。）6、过去进行时的用法过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，atthattime/moment,(at)thistimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week…),at+点钟+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday…)，whensb.didsth.，whilesb.wasdoing等时间状语从句。例如：①Whatwereyoudoingat7p.m.yesterday?昨天7:00的时候你在干嘛？②IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioshopatthetime.　我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。③Whentheteachercamein,thestudentswerereadingbooks.当老师走进教室的时候，学生们正在读书。④Whilemumwaswateringflowers,Iwasdoingmyhomework.当妈妈浇花的时候，我在做作业【超级点津】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如：Theworkerswerebuildingahouselastweek.（上周正在建造，建造好与否不知）Theworkersbuiltanewhouselastweek.（上周建造好了，动作已经完成）7、过去完成时的用法　　过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和by,before等词组成的短语，如bytheendoflastterm或when,before,after引导的从句连用。　　Wehadalreadylearnedeightunitsbytheendoflastterm. 　　Whenwearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.8、过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：Ithoughtitwasgoingtorainsoon.Hetoldmethathewouldseemeoffatthestation.Iwonderedifourteamwouldwin.2.动词的语态一、语态的概述语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。二、被动语态的基本结构：主语+be+过去分词(+by+动作的发出者）①一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词如：Treesareplantedeveryyear.②现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词如：Theroadisbeingrepaired.③现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词如：Theworkhasbeenfinished.④一般过去时was/were+过去分词如：Thestorywastoldbyhim.Manybirdswerekilledlastyear.⑤过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词如：ThenewhousewasbeingpaintedwhenIgothome.⑥过去完成时had+been+过去分词如：Hetoldmethattheworkhadbeenfinished.⑦一般将来时will+be+过去分词如：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.⑧过去将来时would/should+be+过去分词 如：HesaidthattheChristmastreewouldbeputupsoon.⑨情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词如：Theproblemmustbesolvedsoon.ChildrenshouldbetaughttoloveanimalsYoungtreescannotbecutdown.【超级点津】1、短语动词用于主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组，在被动结构中也是如此，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：Thepatientsweretakengoodcareofbythenurses.Thetimeinclassmustbemadefulluseof.Nobodylikestobelaughedat.2、感官动词和使役动词在主动结构中宾语补足语不带“to”，但如果变成被动结构则要加“to”。例如：Thebossmadeworkersworkfor10hoursaday.Theworkersweremadetoworkfor10hoursaday.3、一些动词的主动形式可以表示被动含义①如wash,clean,cut,sell,read,wear,draw,write,sell等动词常和副词well,easily,smoothly等连用，虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：Thepenwriteswell.Thiskindofshoessellswell.②动词need,require,want,deserve,beworth后接v-ing的主动结构常表示被动含义。Theflowerswantwatering.Thefilmisreallyworthseeing.③某些系动词如feel,smell,look,taste,sound,prove等加上形容词，也可用主动语态表示被动含义。Thefoodtastesdelicious.Theresultprovescorrect. 【中考链接】1.---Millie,whereisMissLi?---She_________aspeechonChinesearttothefirst-yearstudentsinthehall.A.givesB.gaveC.isgivingD.hasgiven（2013南京市中考）答案：C2.It’ssaidthatanAsianCultureVillage__________insidetheAYGVillageinNanjinginthecomingAsianYouthGamesperiod.（2013南京市中考）A.buildsB.isbuildingC.willbebuiltD.wasbuilt答案：C3.一Frank，youlookworried．Anythingwrong?一Well，I______atestandI，mwaitingfortheresult．（2013苏州市中考）A．willtakeB．tookC．amtakingD．take答案：B4.Mygrandmother_______inYangzhou.Shewasbornthereandhasneverlivedanywhereelse.（2013扬州市中考A.livedB.livesC.waslivingD.willlive答案：B5.—IsawMr.Smithintheofficeattenyesterdaymorning.—That′simpossible.He______anEnglishpartywithusthen.（2012南京市中考）A.hasB.hadC.washavingD.hashad答案：C6.Theofficialsaidthey_______anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear．（2013上海市中考）A.makesB.wouldmakeC.madeD.havemade答案：B【实战演练】基础练1.Listen!Someofthestudents________aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem. A.aretalking     B.talkC.willtalk       D.talked 2.—Icalledyoulastnightbutnooneansweredthephone.　—I________dinnerwithmyfriendsintherestaurant.　A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad3.Idon’tthinkI_________youinthatdressbefore. A.haveseen       B.wasseeingC.saw            D.see4.—IsthatMr.Wangspeaking?—Sorry,heisn’tin.Heabroadforatrip.A.hasbeenB.isgoingC.hasgoneD.willgo5.Youmaygoswimmingifyourhomework________. A.isfinishedB.willbefinished C.hasfinished D.havefinished 6.I’minterestedinanimals,soI____everySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital. A.pay B.get C.take D.spend7.Coffeeisready.Howniceit________!Wouldyoulikesome? A.looks B.smells C.sounds D.feels8.—Whoisthislittlegirlinthepicture,Linda?—Haha,it’sme.ThepictureinQingdao10yearsago.A.tookB.istakenC.hastakenD.wastaken9.–What’swrongwithyourcoat?--JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttome__________onit.A.issittingB.hadsatC.sitsD.wassitting10.Sorry,Ican’thearyouclearly.Willyouplease___yourtelephonenumber?I’llwriteitdown. A.review B.recite C.report D.repeat11.Don’t________yourcoat,child!It’seasytocatchcoldinspring. A.takeaway B.takeoff C.takedown D.takeout12.---Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer. ---Oh,IamsorryI_________dinneratmyfriend’shouse. A.have B.washaving C.had D.havehad13.I’msorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It________5minutesago. A.left B.hasleft C.hadleft D.hasbeenleft14.Iboughtanewbookandit________me30yuan.  A.paid B.spent C.took D.cost15.Iwasn’tverywellyesterday,butI_____muchbetternow.A.feelB.feltC.wasfeelingD.willfeel16.PopstarWhitneyHouston,a48-year-oldsinger,_______deadonFebruary12th,2012,theeveoftheGrammyAwards.A.foundB.wasfoundC.hasbeenfoundD.hadfound17.AtalkonChinesehistory________inthehallnextFridayafternoon. A.begiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.willgive18.Look!Howheavytherainis!You’dbetter________. A.don’tgonow B.stayherewhenitstops C.notleaveuntilitstops D.nottoleaveatonce19.Cotton_______niceandsoft.A.feels B.isfelt C.isfeeling D.feel 20.---Whocleanedtheclassroomyesterday,Tom?  ---Dick_________. A.cleaned B.does C.did D.is21.---Howlonghaveyou_______themotorbike? ---Forabouttwoweeks. A.bought B.had C.borrowed D.lent22.PresidentXiJinpingoftensaysthattheChinadreamonlybymanyyearsofhardwork.A.wasrealizedB.willberealizedC.hasbeenrealizedD.isrealized23.—Excuseme,Mum.Whencanwehavedinner?—Notuntilitinhalfanhour.A.ispreparedB.willbepreparedC.hasbeenpreparedD.wasprepared24.MyauntMay________alotovertheseyears.Sheusedtobealittlefat,butnowsheisveryslim.A.changesB.changedC.waschangingD.haschanged25.—Iwenttoyourofficeat9：00thismorning,butIdidn’tseeyou. —Sorry,IatalkwithMrBrowninhisoffice.A.haveB.amhavingC.hadD.washaving26.—DoyouknowwhetherDavidwillgocyclingornottomorrow?—David?Never!He______outdooractivities.A.hatesB.hatedC.ishatingD.hashated27.—WhereisJack?Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.—He______HKwithhisfamily.Ithinkheishavingawonderfultimethere.A.wenttoB.wasinC.hasgonetoD.hasbeento28.Idon’tknowifit______tomorrow.Ifit______,wewillgooutforapicnic.A.willrain;won’trainB.rains;doesn’trainC.rains;won’trainD.willrain;doesn’train29.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJackthisweekend?—Whenyourhomework_______,youcan.A.isdoneB.washandedinC.willbecompletedD.hadbeenfinished30.Sometimeswehavemuchhomeworktodo,butnotoften.Anyway,it____intime.A.canfinishB.shouldfinishC.canbefinishedD.shouldbefinished提高练1.----Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What’sthematter?----I______welllastnight.A.don’tsleepB.didn’tsleepC.haven’tsleptD.won’tsleep2.TellLilytocallmeassoonasshe____.A.willarriveB.getsthereC.hasreachedD.reachedhere3.----Excuseme,lookatthesignoverthere,please.Couldyoustopsmoking?----Sorry,I____that.A.didn’tseeB.don’tseeC.won’tseeD.can’tsee4.----Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.----Really?Where____he____?A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.does;go5.----Well,Ifoundthis.Ithinkitmustbeyours. ----Mywatch!Thankyou.Where_____it.A.doyoufindB.hadyoufoundC.didyoufindD.wereyoufinding6.----DoyouknowwhenDrWhite____fordinnerthisevening?----No,butIthinkhe____whenheisfree.A.willcome;comesB.comes;willcomeC.comes;comesD.willcome;willcome7.Lookatthoseblackclouds.It_____rain.Let’shurry.A.maybeB.wouldC.hasD.isgoingto8.----Shallwegoshoppingnow?----Sorry,Ican"t.I____dishes.A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing9.----Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.----Oh,Iamsorry.I____dinneratmyfriend"shome.A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad10.TheOrientalPearlTVTower____thousandsofvisitorssince1995.A.attractedB.attractsC.hasattractedD.willattract11.----Mum,mayIgoouttoplayfootball?-----____you____yourhomeworkyet?A.Have;finishedB.Do;finishedC.Are;finishingD.Did;finish12.----HowdoyoulikeBeijing,MrSmith?----Oh,I___suchabeautifulcitybefore.A.don"tvisitB.didn"tvisitC.haven"tvisitedD.hadn"tvisited13.----Tom,mayIborrowyourbookChickenSoup?----Sorry,I____ittoMary.A.lentB.havelentC.hadlentD.lend14.----Ihearyourfather____toJapanonce.----Yes.He____therelastyear.A.went;hasbeenB.hasbeen;wentC.goes;wentD.hasbeen;hasbeen15.----Thetrainisleavingrightnow,butDavidhasn"tarrivedyet.----Well,hesaidhe____hereontime. A.cameB.willbeC.wouldcomeD.canbe16.----Whydidn"tyougotothecinemayesterday?-----BecauseI____thefilmbefore.A.hadseenB.haveseenC.havewatchedD.haswatched17.It’swellknownthattheYouthOlympicGames（YOG）____inNanjingin2014.A.holdB.willholdC.willbeheldD.held18.MrSmith____abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon"tknowwhetherhehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting19.OnChildren"sDay,softdrinks__tochildrenforfreeinsomerestaurantsA.offerB.haveofferedC.areofferedD.willbeoffered20.MrWhite____thenewspaperwhilehisdaughter____TV.A.hasread;waswatchingB.wasreading;watchedC.wasreading;waswatchingD.reading;watched21.---Look,whathavetheydone?---Sorry.IthinkifI__________anotherchance,I’lldoitbetter.A.giveB.willbegivenC.willgiveD.amgiven22.Hurryup!Theplay____forfifteenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenonC.beganD.hadbegun23.----MayIspeaktoMrSmith?----Sorry,he____Australia.Buthe____intwodays.A.hasbeento;willcomebackB.hasgoneto;willbebackC.hasbeenin;wouldcomebackD.isleavingfor;doesn"tcomeback24.Ican"tgotothetheatertonightbecauseI____myticket.A.havelostB.hadlostC.willloseD.waslosing25.----Whatanicebike!Howlong____you____it?----Justtwoweeks.A.have;boughtB.did;buyC.have;hadD.are;having26.----I"msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.----Oh,notatall.I____hereonlyforafewminutes.A.havecomeB.hadbeenC.wasD.havebeen 27.----____mydictionaryanywhere?----Yes.Isawitonyourdeskamomentago.A.DidyouseeB.IfyouseeC.HadyouseenD.Wouldyousee28.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemaditclearthathe____officesoon.A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.willleaveD.hadleft29.MrsSmith____herkeysintheoffice,soshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;wouldcomeD.hadleft;came30.Idon"tthinkJohnsawme.He____abookatthatmoment.A.justreadB.hasjustreadC.wasjustreadingD.hadjustread拓展练Thisisastoryaboutaseabird.Theseabird____1____Lydiarecentlymadea26-daynonstop(不间断的)journeyofabout2,500miles,just____2____forfoodforherbaby.Sheisfittedwithasatellitetrackingdevice(卫星跟踪仪).Hertrip___3___onOct.18fromChristmasIslandintheIndianOcean.Thetripisknownasthelongestnonstopjourneybyoneoftheseendangeredseabirds.Beforethat,thiskindofbirds_____4____onlytoflyafew____5____milesfromwheretheylive,stayingawayforjustafewdays_____6____.Theyusuallyflyoverthesea.ThescientistsfeelitstrangethatLydiamadesuchalong,nonstopjourneyand___7___overland.Sotheabovefactsraisesomeseriousquestionsabouteffortstostopthedecline(减少)ofthebirds.Thenumberofthebirds_____8____by10percentoverthepast20years.Besides,thescientistsare____9___thatshewasawayfromherbabyforsuchalongtime.Theywonder___10____sheneededtogothatfar.Maybeitshowsthatfishresources(资源)aroundChristmasIslandarenotlargeenoughnow.Thatmightexplaintheslowdeclineofthebird一seapollutionisserious.1.()A.isnamedB.namedC.wasnamedD.name2.()A.tosearchB.searchedC.searchingD.hassearched3.()A.startsB.isstartedC.startedD.wasstarted4.()A.isknownB.wasknownC.knewD.knows 1.()A.hundredsB.hundredsofC.hundredofD.hundred2.()A.allthetimeB.atalltimesC.ontimeD.atatime3.()A.flewB.fliesC.toflyD.flied4.()A.wasfallenB.havebeenfallenC.fellD.hasfallen5.()A.angryB.sadC.surprisedD.afraid6.()A.ifB.whyC.whenD.how答案:1—5BACBD6-10DADCB