初中英语语法之十三 主谓一致 4页

主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式⑴单数名词或代词、动词不定式或短语、单个动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式,主语为复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。Lucylikesapples.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.⑵由and或both…and...连接的并列主语后面，一般用复数形式NewYorkandBostonareAmericancities.Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.⑶“a…andahalf,morethanone+名词，manya+名词”等短语作主语时，尽管从意义上看都是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。AmonthandahalfhaspassedsinceIsawhim.Morethanonepersonhereisgoingtofindanewjob.⑷主语后有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas等引起的短语时，谓语动词与短语前的名词一致。Mr.Green,togetherwithchildren,hascometoChina.I,withsomeoneelseinmyclass,amstayinginanAmericanhome.Thestudentsaswellastheirteacherwereplayingagameontheplayground.Nooneexcepttheteachersknowstheanswer.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.⑸主语为表示两个相同的部分构成的物体的名词，如：glasses,trousers,pants,shoes等时，谓语动词用复数形式。但如果它们前面用了apairof,谓语动词要取决于pair的单复数形式。Mynewpantsareabittight.Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.⑹anumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；thenumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtoparty.Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.⑺each或由some-,any-,every-,no-构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Eachofushasanewdictionary.Ican’tfindmypen-hasanyoneseenit?主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.⑻either,neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但either(neither)+of+复数名词(或代词)"作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Eitherisverygood.Ifeitherofyoutakesavacationnow，wewillnotbeabletofinishthework．Neitherofthemwantstocome．⑼在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的树一致。Thisisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.Thegirlswhoarecomingsoonaremystudents.⑽由what引导的主语从句，主句谓语动词一般用单数，但如果表示复数意义，主句谓语动词则用复数。Whatweneednowistime.Whatheleftmeareonlysomeoldbooks.2.意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。⑴由and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。　　Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.⑵表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。Twomonthsisalongholiday.Fiveminusfourisone.⑶以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等Nonewsisgoodnews.Mathsisverypopularinourclass⑷people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。Peoplehereareveryfriendly.Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.⑸a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam. ⑴a由“a11，none，no，most，half，thelast，therest+名词”等不定代词作主语，谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。Allwasquiteinthestreet.Noneofthefoodiswasted．Noneofthestudentswereabsent．Therestofthelecturewasdull．Therestofthebikeswereonsaleyesterday．b．由"lotsof，heapsof，loadsOf，scadsof+名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。Lotsofworkistobedonethisweek.Lotsofpeoplearegoingtoswimthisafternoon．c．由“分数或百分数十of+名词或代词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。Three-quartersoftheareaiscultivated.Ninetypercentofthestudentshavepassedtheexam．3.就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。⑴由or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Bothhisfatherandhismotherarebothteachers.TomorJackiswrong.Eitherthisoneorthatoneisok.（2）下列结构作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。．由“the+形容词”这种结构作主语，根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人(如therich，thepoor，theblind，thedeaf，thesick，theyoung，theold)，谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Theblindaretaughttradesinspecialschools． (表示一类人)Thegoodinhimoverweighsthebad． (表示抽象概念)Thedepartedwasagoodfriendofhis． (表示个人)（3）下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般单复数均可。a.以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时，谓语动词一般单复数均可。例如：Fiveandsixmake／makeseleven．Seventimestenareseventy．但是：Twentyfromthirtyleavesten．Sixsevensareforty-two.b．由"onein／outof+名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。例如：Oneintenwere／waspresent．（4）下列结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。a．“名词+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。例如：Thepictureofthechildrenbringsbackmanymemoriesofmypastexperiences．Theeffectsofcigarettesmokinghavebeenprovedtobeextremelyharmful．b以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.主谓一致精练1.EitherJaneorSteven____________________watchTVnow.A.wereB.isC.wasD.are2.Twodays____________________enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.isC.are’tD.are3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveraday?—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthen__________45minutes.A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are4.NeitherLipingnorI__________abasketballplayer.A.amB.isC.beD.are5.There__________manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____________________1200.A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.Maths__________myfavouritesubject.A.beB.isC.amD.are8.Theboywiththetwodogs__________whentheearthquakerockedtheciry.A.weresleepingB.issleepingC.wassleepingD.areasle9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn__________therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wereD.was10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,__________ofuswantstogothere.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some11.NobodybutJane__________thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is12.—What’sontheplate?someeggsandcakesonit?—There__________someeggsandcakesonit.A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.Thispairofglasses__________mine.A.areB.beC.isD.willbe14.BothLilyandLucy__________tothepartyyesterday.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvited 15.—Twomonths__________quitealongtime.—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.were16.Inthecitytheold__________.A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof17.Hisfamily__________allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily__________ahappyone.A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,are18.Thesingerandthedancer__________cometoBeijing.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is19.Thechildreninthisclasseach__________anewschoolbag.A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehaving20.Allbutone__________herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were中考英语主谓一致习题1.MissHuangtogetherwithherfriends____shoppingeverySundayevening.A.goB.wentC.goingD.goes2.TheUnitedNations____in1945.A.aresetupB.weresetupC.wassetupD.issetup3.ThenationsofWesternEurope____worthlearningfrom.A.isB.areC.hasD.have4.–Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?--____thestudentsinourclass____overfifty.A.Thenumberof;isB.Thenumberof;areC.Anumberof;isD.Anumberof;are5.There____someforeignvisitorstalkingawalkinthepark.A.isB.areC.hasD.have6.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are7.Eachofthestudents____adictionary.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are8.Thebreadandthebutter____theirmainfood.A.isB.areC.hasD.have9.TheGreens____Francesincethespringof1990.A.havebeentoB.havebeeninC.hasbeentoD.hadbeenin10.–Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?--About150.Onethirdofthem____menteachers.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is11.Whenandwheretogofortheholiday____yet.A.havenotbeendecidedB.isnotdecidedC.arenotdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided12.Howtimeflies!Threeyears____reallyashorttime.A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.–Doyouknow____thepopulationofYunnan____?--Yes.It’saboutforty-threemillion.A.howmany;isB.what;isC.howmuch;isD.what;are14.Yourtrousers____dirty,youmusthave____washed.A.is,themB.are,itC.are,themD.is,it15.NotonlythestudentbutalsoMr.Smiths____tiredofhavingoneexamination.A.isB.areC.wasD.were16.Mybrotheraskedmetenquestions.Thefirstfivewereeasy,buttherest____difficult.A.wereB.areC.wasD.is17.Thepoor____happy;buttherich____sad.A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is18.Gonewiththewind____verygreat.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is19.Eachboyandeachgirl____hard.A.areworkingB.hasworkedC.isworkingD.havedworked20.Manyaman____hadthatkindofexperience.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are21.Nofoodandnowater____inthehouse.A.isB.hasC.areD.have22.Johnandhisuncle____goinghikingtomorrow.A.beB.amC.isD.are23.When____theUnitedNationsfounded?A.isB.wasC.areD.were24.EithermyfriendsorI____goingtothelibraryonMonday.A.isB.beC.amD.are25.–WhydidyouchooseEnglishinsteadofJapanese?--BecauseJapanese____aspopularasEnglish.A.isn’tB.aren’tC.hasbeenD.havebeen26.Onlyoneandahalforanges____ontheplate.A.isB.areC.beD.was 27.Nowadaysmoreandmoretheyoung____fondofpopmusic.A.areB.isC.wereD.was28.Tosavetime____tolengthenlife.A.areB.wasC.wereD.is29.There____afootballmatchandtwotabletennismatchesbetweenClassEightnextweek.A.willhaveB.hasC.isgoingtobeD.aregonetobe30.TheChinese____peacebuttheyaren’tafraidofwar.A.loveB.lovesC.lovedD.loving31.–There____noorangejuiceinthefridge.Couldyougetsomeforme,Dick?--Allright,Mum.A.isB.areC.wasD.were32.Howtimeflies!Tenyears____passed.A.haveB.areC.isD.has33.ChinesesportsstarsYaoMingandLiuXiang____GoodwillAmbassadorsforShanghai.A.havebeennamedB.havenamedChasbeennamedD.hasnamed34.Nothing____difficultintheworld,____it?A.are,B.is,isn’tC.are,aren’tD.is,is35.Ontheeastoftheriver____threebuildings.A.liesB.standsC.standD.arestanding36.XiaoDongisoneofthebeststudentsinhisclasswho____bytheirteacher.A.praisesB.ispraisedC.praiseD.arepraised37.Swimminginthepoolwiththechildren____veryinteresting.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are38.Oneverypieceofthepaper____picturesofsomehorses.A.isB.areC.hasD.have39.Nonews____goodnews.A.amB.areC.isD.be40.Johnwithhisuncle____goinghikingtomorrow.A.beB.amC.isD.are41.Jimmy’sfamily____alargeone.Thewholefamily____watchingTV.A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is42.Inourcity____ofthepeople____toHanNationality.A.threefifths,belongB.threefifth;belongC.threefifths;belongsD.threefifth;belongs43.Morethanoneidea____putupwithattheclassmeeting.A.haveB.hasC.hasbeeD.havebeen44.WhetheryouwilllearnEnglishwellornot____yourhardwork.A.dependonB.dependC.dependsD.dependson45.Withthehelpofpeoplethenumberofpandas____mereandmore.A.isgettingB.aregettingC.gotD.hasn’tgot46.____thatpairofnew____Tony’s?A.Are;shoesB.Is;shoesC.Are;shoesD.Is;shoe47.____politicsdifficultforyoutolearn.A.AreB.DoC.DoesD.Is48.Halfoftheapple____bad.A.areB.isC.wereD.has49.NeitherWeiHuanorhisbrother____afewcitiesinthesouthsincetheywere20yearsold.A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.havevisitedD.visited50.Look!There____playingwiththechildrenonDongfengSquare.A.areanumberofdeerB.isanumberofdeerC.areanumberofdeersD.isanumberofdeers51.____sheoryougoingtoBeijingnextmonth?A.WasB.IsC.WereD.Are52.Tenkilometers____way.A.arequitelongB.arequitealongC.isquitealongD.isaquitelong53.Whatthestudentsneed____goodbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has54.Thesingeranddancer____yet.A.don’tcomeB.didn’tcomeC.haven’tcomeD.hasn’tcome55.Onemilliondollars____alotofmoneyforeveryone.A.areB.meanC.arethoughtD.is参考答案1—5BABAB2—10ABCDA11—15BBCBA16—20BABADKey：1-5DCBAB6-10ABBBC11-15DABCC16-20ABDBB21-25ADBCA26-30AADCA31-35AAABC36-40DCACC41-45CADDA46-50BDBBA51-55BCBDD