中考英语语法总复习专题2冠词 4页

_____________________新世纪教育培训辅导材料---中考英语语法专项复习2__________________________冠词详解及专练冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词the，另一种是不定冠词a/an，还有一种是零冠词。中考对冠词的考查重在不定冠词a与an的区别和冠词的习惯用法。2.1不定冠词的用法:不定冠词a(an)是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音素前。1)表示"一个"，意为one。如：Ihaveanapple.2)代表一类人或物。Mr.Smithisanengineer.3)词组或短语。alittle/afew/alot/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/2.2定冠词的用法：定冠词the有"那（这）个"的意思，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Takethemedicine.　2）上文提到过的人或事：Heboughtahouse.　I"vebeentothehouse。　3）指世上独一物二的事物：thesun，thesky，themoon，theearth4）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：thedollar;thefox；或与形容词连用，表示一类人：therich富人5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：　　Wheredoyoulive?　Iliveonthesecondfloor.　That"stheverythingI"vebeenlookingfor.　6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.指全体教师)7）用在国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：thePeople"sRepublicofChina　theUnitedStates　8）用在表示乐器的名词之前：　Sheplaysthepiano.　9)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：theGreens　10)用在惯用语中：intheday,inthemorning(afternoon，evening)，thedayaftertomorrow，thedaybeforeyesterday，thenextmorning,　inthesky(water，field，country)　inthedark,　intherain,inthemiddle(of),　intheend,　bytheway,　gotothetheatre2.3零冠词的用法1)国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）抽象名词、物质名词前通常不加冠词；　Failureisthemotherofsuccess.　失败乃成功之母。3）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；onMonday4）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；GeneralLee.5）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词如：havebreakfast，playchess6）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；Ican"twritewithoutpenorpencil.　　7）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；bybus，bytrain；8）名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,some,any等代词或所有格，不用冠词。Theletterisinherpocket.9)一些固定词组中不加冠词：onfoot,bybike,atnight.2.4冠词与形容词+名词结构1)两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。Heraisesablackandawhitecat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。　Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers.　这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。2)如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。Heraisesablackandwhitecat.　他养了一只花猫。2.5冠词位置1)不定冠词位置：不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：　　a.位于such，what，many，half，形容词之后：suchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.b.quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。2)定冠词位置：定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，threetimes等词之后，名词之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.　班里的所有学生都出去了。2.6有无冠词一些短语的区别：attable/atthetable;atschool/attheschool;gotoschool/gototheschool;inhospital/inthehospital;inclass/intheclass;infrontof/inthefrontof;bysea/bythesea;nextyear/thenextyear;infuture/inthefuture;onearth/ontheearth2.7序数词前用不同冠词的区别：the+序数词，表示“第几….”;a+序数词，表示“再一，又一”2.8anumberof与thenumberof冠词专练I.在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示：1.Thisis______oldmap.Itis______usefulmap.2.Wehavenoclassesin______afternoonon_______Saturday.3.______spaceshipfliesataboutelevenkilometers_______second.4.Romanwasnotbuiltin______day.5.Beijingis____capitalof____China.Itis____beautifulcity.6.Chineseisquite______difficultlanguageforMike.7.Many_____studentswilltake____activepartinsportsmeet.8.Thereis______interestingpictureon______wall.9.Jennyfound______walletlyingon______ground.______walletwasMr.Black’s.10.Whichis______biggest,______sun,______moon,or______earth?11._______more,_______better12.---Whichpictureismorebeautiful?--____oneon___left,Ithink. 13..---Whichis_____wayto______hospital?---Godownthisroadandturnlefton______secondcrossing.14._______Turnersaresittingatbreakfasttable.15.JoeHillwas_______fighterfor______workingclass.16.Whenwas_____People’sRepublicofChinafounded?17.After___breakfast，hewentto___schoolon__foot.18.InChina______firstEnglishtextbookswerepublishedin_____latenineteenthcentury.19.___HuangheRiverliesin____northofChina.20.Helikesplaying____football.Hissisterlikesplaying__piano.21._____ doctortoldhimtotake_______ medicinethreetimes_______ day．22.____ sunrisesin_______east．23.Let"sgooutfor______walk．24.Thereis______womanoverthere。_____womanisMeimei"smother．25._____ChangjiangRiveris______longestriverin_____China．26.It"stoohot．Open_______ door，please．27.Areyougoingtodoit_______ secondtime？28.______Turnersarelivingattheendof_______TurnerStreet．29.Hejoinedthearmyin______springof_____1995．30.AfterIhad______quickbreakfast，Ihurriedtoschool．31.____dayof_____December20，1999isMonday．32.Ithink____mathsismoreimportantthananyothersubject．33.Whatdoesthis___wordmean，___ Father？34.What_____importantnewsII.写出下列短语：1.上学____________2.住院___________3.此刻_____________4.在课堂上__________5.在地球上_________6.步行__________7.吃饭___________8.乘公共汽车__________9.在家__________10.在工作______________11.乘火车___________12.在校学习______________13.睡觉__________14.感冒___________15.乘船__________16.玩得痛快______________17.事实上____________18.从早到晚__________________________________III.单项选择：1.—DoesJimhave_______ ruler？—Yes，hehas_____ ．A．an；some  B．a；one  C．a；／  D．any；one2.Thereis_______ oldbike．______ oldbikeisMrZhao"s．A．an；The  B．the；An C．a；The  D．the；The3.____appleadaykeepsthedoctorsaway．A．The   B．A   C．An   D．Two4.Howmanybooksdoyouhave?—Ihave___book．That"s___Englishbook．A.a;an B.a;oneC.one；an D.one；one5.AtthattimeTomwas_______ one-year-oldbaby.A．a     B．an    C．the    D．／6._____tigeris____China．A．The；a  B．A；the  C．The；from  D．The；the7.Wecan"tsee_____sunat___night.A．the；the B．the；／C．a；／  D．／；／8._______ usefulbookitis！A．Whatan   B．Howa    C．Whata   D．What9.Oneafternoonhefound_______ handbag．Therewas_______ “s”onthecornerof_______ handbag．  A．a；an；the    B．a；a；the   C．an；an；an  D．the；a；a10._______ oldladywithwhitehairspoke_______ Englishwellat_______ meeting．A．An；an；a  B．The；／；an C．The；／；a  D．The；／；the11._______ GreatWallis_______ longestwallintheworld.A．A；a   B．The；the   C．A；the   D．The；a12._____ newbridgehasbeenbuiltoverHuangpuRiver．A．The；a B．A；／  C．A；the   D．An；the13._____womanoverthereis_____popularteacherinourschool．A．A；an  B．The；a    C．The；the D．A；the14.Heusedtobe______teacherbutlaterheturned_____writer．A．a；a   B．a；the   C．／；a    D．a；／15.Theymadehim_______ king．A．a     B．the     C．an    D．／16.Hisfatheris______Englishteacher．A．a     B．an      C．the   D．／17.Ishe_______ Americanboy？A．an    B．a       C．one   D．／18.DoesTomoftenplay_______ footballafter_______ school？A．／；／ B.／；the C．the；／  D．a；／19.Theypassedourschool_______ daybeforeyesterday.A.an   B.one   C.a  D.the20.Australiais_______ English-speakingcountry．A．a   B．an   C．the    D．／21.Shehas_______ orangeskirt．_______ skirtisnice．A．a；The B．an；The  C．an；A  D．the；The22.Thisis_____apple．It"s____bigapple.A．an；a B．a；the  C．a；an D．an；the23.Lookat_______ horseoverthere．A．a  B．an    C．the   D．／24.Don"tplay____basketballhere．It"sdangerous．A．a   B．an    C．／  D．the25.Thereis_______ oldwomaninthecar．A．／ B．the    C．a   D．an26.Beijingis______beautifulcity．It"s______capitalofChina．A．a；a   B．the；the C．／；the D．a；the27.Shanghaiisin______eastofChina．A．／  B．an   C．a    D．the28.I"vebeenastudenttherefornearlytwoand_____ halfyears．A．a     B．an       C．the      D．／29.Billis____Englishteacher．Helikesplaying_____football．A．a；the B．an；the  C．a；／ D．an；／30.Themuseumisquitefar．Itwilltakeyouhalf____hourtogetthereby___ bus.A.an；／B.an；a  C.a；／D／；／31.Thereis______oldwomaninthecar.A./B.theC.aD.an32.Shanghaiisin_______eastofChina.A./B.anC.theD.a33.Billis______Englishteacher.Helikesplaying______football.A.a,theB.an,theC.a,/D./,/34.Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalf_____hourtogothereby______bus.A.an,/B.an,aC.a,/D./,/35.Thestoryis____interesting.Thatmeansitis____interestingstory.A.an,theB.the,a.C./,anD./,a 36.Thisis____interestingstory-bookanditisalso_____usefulone.A.a,aB.an,anC.an,aD.a,