张道真实用英语语法课件chapter 26 22页

Chapter26TransformationofSentencePatterns GeneralintroductionA.TransformationofsentencespatternsInEnglishvarioussentencestructurescanexpressthesamemeaning.e.g.Youwererighttodothat.Youwererightindoingthat.Itwasrightforyoutodothat.Itwasrightofyoutodothat.B.Manyconstitutesofasentencecanbetransformedtoanotherformsa.Subjecte.g.Variedmethodshelptolivenupalesson.Varietyofmethodshelpstolivenupalesson. Generalintroductionb.Predicatee.g.Heevidentlyreceivedlittlebenefitfromouradvice.Heevidentlybenefitedlittlefromouradvice.c.Objecte.g.Theymarvelledatourgreatachievements.Theymarvelledatthegreatnessofourachievements.d.Adverbiale.g.Weimmediatelysetouttopursuetheenemy.Weimmediatelysetoutinpursuitoftheenemy.e.Attributee.g.Thequestionwasonetobedebated.Thequestionwasadebatableone. TransformationintheSimpleSentencesA.Subjecte.g.Thereisnothinginconsistentinwhatshesaid.Thereisnoinconsistencyinwhatshesaid.Herlatearrivaldelayedourdeparture.Herarrivinglatedelayedourdeparture.Noamountofpersuasioncouldmakeherchangehermind.Nothingcouldpersuadehertochangehermind. TransformationintheSimpleSentencesB.Predicatea.Sometimespredicatecanbechangedintothestructureaccompaniedbypredicativee.g.Everylanguagereflectstheculturethatproducesit.Everylanguageisareflectionoftheculturethatproducesit.b.Sometimescanbechangedintothestructure“verb+noun”e.g.Whydidyouinquirefurtheraboutit?Whydidn’tyoumakefurtherinquiryaboutit? TransformationintheSimpleSentencesc.Sometimesthepredicativecanbechangede.g.Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvaluetous.Yoursuggestionsareveryvaluabletous.d.Sometimescanbechangedintothestructure“be+prepositionalphrases”e.g.Theroadisbeingrepaired.Theroadisunderrepair.e.Sometimesthepassiveformscanbechangedinto“be+adj.”e.g.Herbehavioroughttobepraised.Herbehaviorispraiseworthy. TransformationintheSimpleSentencesC.Objecta.Transformationofobjecte.g.Theexpansionofthecityrequiredextensionofthecommunicationlines.Theexpansionofthecityrequiredextendedcommunicationlines.b.Sometimestheinfinitivecanbechangedintothegerundorparticiplee.g.Iwatchedhimeathisbreakfast.Iwatchedhimeatinghisbreakfast.c.Sometimesonlyapartoftheobjectcanbechangede.g.Headvisedustobevigilant.Headvisedustomaintainvigilance. TransformationintheSimpleSentencesD.Adverbiala.Sometimescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Shepurposelyignoredmeattheparty.Sheignoredmeonpurposeattheparty.b.Sometimestheinfinitivecanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Wewalkedthroughthewoodstosearchforthelittlegirl.Wewalkedthroughthewoodsinsearchofthelittlegirl.c.Participialphrasescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Thebookslaypileduponthefloor.Thebookslayinpilesonthefloor. TransformationintheSimpleSentencesE.Attributea.Adjectivescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Sheisanintelligentgirl.Sheisagirlofhighintelligence.b.Someinfinitivecanbechangedintoadjectivese.g.Heisnotamantobeeasilyexcited.Heisnotanexcitableman. TransformationsintheComplexSentencesandCompoundSentencesA.Transformationsinthecomplexsentencesa.Whenchangingthecomplexsentences,wecanonlychangeapartofthesubordinateclause.e.g.Iguesstheirarrivinglatewillaffectourschedule.Iguesstheirlatearrivalwillaffectourschedule.Sheknewhecouldbetrusted.Sheknewhewastrustworthy. TransformationsintheComplexSentencesandCompoundSentencesb.Canchangeapartofthemainclausee.g.Thesoldiersresistedtostubbornlythattheenemywereforcedtoretreat.Thesoldiersputupsuchastubbornresistancethattheenemywereforcedtoretreat.c.Sometimesthewholesentencestructurecanbechangede.g.Completionoftheprojecttookthreeyears.Ittookthreeyearstocompletetheproject. TransformationsintheComplexSentencesandCompoundSentencesB.TransformationsinthecompoundsentencesWhenchangingthecompoundsentences,thestructureofaclauseofthetwoisusuallychanged.e.g.Shesaidnothingbuthereyesreproachedus.Shesaidnothingbuthereyeswerereproachful.ItwasThursdayafternoon;scarceasoulwasabout.ItwasThursdayafternoon;therewasscarcelyasoulabout. TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesA.Transformationsbetweenphrasesandclausesa.Subjecte.g.It’sapityweshouldwastesomuchtimeonit.It’sapitytowastesomuchtimeonit.b.Predicativee.g.Thequestionishowwecanraisesufficientfundforit.Thequestionishowtoraisesufficientfundforit. TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesc.Objecte.g.Heinsistedthatsheshouldgivehimastraightforwardanswer.Heinsistedonhergivinghimastraightforwardanswer.d.Attributee.g.Thosewhowishtogopleasesignuphere.Thosewishingtogopleasesignuphere.e.Adverbiale.g.Wecouldn’tbuilditbecausewelackedmoney.Wecouldn’tbuilditforlackofmoney. TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesB.Transformationsbetweensubjectclausesandphrasesa.Subjectclausessometimescanbechangedintotheinfinitivee.g.It’sregrettablethatoneshouldbesoextravagant.It’sregrettabletobesoextravagant.b.Sometimessubjectclausescanbechangedintogerundialphrasese.g.It’sstrangethatheleftsosuddenly.Hisleavingsosuddenlywasstrange. TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesC.Predicativeclausestransformedintophrasesa.Sometimespredicativeclausescanbetransformedintoinfinitivephrasese.g.Myideaisthatweshouldrentanapartment.Myideaistorentanapartment.b.Sometimescanbechangedintogerundialphrasese.g.Mysuggestionisthatwemakeimmediateenquiriesintothematter.Mysuggestionismakingimmediateenquiriesintothematter. TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesc.Sometimescanbechangedintophrasesintroducedbynounse.g.Onerequirementisthatweshouldparticipateintheiractivities.Onerequirementisourparticipationintheiractivities.D.Objectclausestransformedintophrasesa.Objectclausescanbechangedintogerundialphrasese.g.Hedeniedthathehadmadeanystatementtothateffect.Hedeniedmakinganystatementtothateffect. TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesb.Objectclausescanbechangedintoinfinitivecomplexobjecte.g.Thepoliceorderedthattheyshouldwaitrightthere.Thepoliceorderedthemtowaitrightthere.c.Sometimescanbechangedintonounphrasese.g.Theyrequestedthatheresignimmediately.Theyrequestedhisimmediateresignation. TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesE.Attributiveclausestransformedintophrasesa.Canbechangedintoinfinitivephrasese.g.Therearealotofthingsweshoulddotoday.Therearealotofthingstodotoday.b.Canbechangedintoparticipialphrasese.g.Onlypeoplewholiveherecanapplyformembership.Onlypeoplelivingherecanapplyformembership. TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesc.Sometimescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasesornounse.g.Theinformationthatisinhispossessionisstrictlyconfidential.Theinformationinhispossessionisstrictlyconfidential.F.Adverbialclausetransformedintophrasesa.Adverbialclausescanbechangedintoparticipialphrasese.g.Afterhehadfailedtwice,hedidn’twanttotryagain.Havingfailedtwice,hedidn’twanttotryagain. TransformationsbetweentheSimpleSentencesandComplexSentencesb.Adverbialclausessometimescanbechangedintoinfinitivephrasese.g.Shewassoyoungthatshecouldn’tunderstandsuchmatters.Shewastooyoungtounderstandsuchmatters.c.Adverbialclausessometimescanbechangedintoprepositionalphrasese.g.Incasethereisafire,ringthisbell.Incaseoffire,ringthisbell. AssignmentReviewChapter26GeneralreviewExercises