高一英语语法专练二 9页

直接引语是疑问句时:间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。(1)一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?"→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.(2)选择疑问句变为whether….or宾语从句。Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"→HeaskedmewhereIlived.直接引语是感叹句时:间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.[注意]:时态不需要变化的几种情况（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：Hesaid,"I’maboy,notagirl."→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."9 →Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.(5)如果直接引语中含有情态动词must,need,hadbetter以及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation."→TheteachertoldmethatImustpaymoreattentiontomypronunciation.Hesaid,"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.Exercises:1."WhatcanIdoforyou?”heaskedme._____________________________________________________2.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren"tyou?”_____________________________________________________3.Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”______________________________________________________4.Heasked,“What"syourname?”______________________________________________________5.Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."______________________________________________________6.Chloesaid,“Thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.”______________________________________________________7.Thereportersaid,“Thewarisnowstillon.”———————————————————————————阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。A★WhenChristopherColumbuslandedonthethenunnamedCostaRicain1502,hesawmanyIndianswearinggoldearrings.Sohethoughtthelandmustberichingold.HenamedtheplaceCostaRica,whichmeans“richcoast”inSpanish.Thoughlittlegoldwasfound,CostaRicatodayisindeedrichwithcoffeeandbananas.CoffeeisthemostimportantproductinCostaRicaandmostofitisexported(出口)toothercountrieslikeAmericaandWestGermany.Bananasarethecountry’ssecondmostimportantexport.9 CostaRicansalsogrowmanyothercropssuchasfruits,cornandbeansfortheirownuse.CostaRicanslovecolorsandtheirhousesarepaintedinbrightcolors.EducationisveryimportanttotheCostaRicans.Almosteveryvillagehasaschoolandeducationisamustforchildrenbetweensevenandfourteenyearsofage.Boysandgirlsgotoseparate(单独的)schools.ClassesbegininMarchandendinNovember.Theotherthreemonthsoftheyearareharvesttimeandthechildrenhavetohelptheirparentstopickcoffeebeans.1.What’sthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A.HowColumbusfoundCostaRica.B.HowCostaRicagotitsname.C.WhattheCostaRicanswore.D.WhatlanguagetheCostaRicansspoke.2.TheCostaRicansmayNOTpainttheirhouses______.A.pinkandredB.greyandblackC.blueandgreenD.yellowandorange3.InCostaRica,boysandgirlsbetweensevenandfourteen______.A.mustgotoschoolB.studyinthesameschoolC.donothavetogotoschoolatallD.canchoosetostopschoolingatanytime4.FromDecembertoFebruary,schoolchildreninCostaRica______.A.havelessonseverydayB.havetheirexaminationsC.helptheirparentspickcoffeebeansD.helptheirparentsdecoratetheirhouses5.Thispassageismainlyabout______.A.ChristopherColumbusB.CostaRicaC.someproductsfromCostaRicaD.theeducationofCostaRicaB★★Canwegiveahandtothoseendangeredanimals?Yes,wemayonlydoalittlebit,buttogetheroursmallactionsadduptoalot.9 1.Protectwildlifehabitat.Perhapsthegreatestthreatthatfacesmanyspeciesisthewidespreaddestructionofhabitat.Cuttingdownforests,farming,anddevelopmentallresultinlossofwildlifehabitat.Inareaswhererarespecieslive,habitatdestructioncanquicklyforceaspeciestoextinction.Byprotectinghabitat,entirecommunitiesofanimalscanbeprotectedtogethernaturally.Parksandreservesarenowalltoooftentheonlyhabitatsthatareleftuntouchedbyhabitatdestruction.2.Reducethethreatofinvasive(入侵的)species.Thespreadofnon-nativespecieshasgreatlyreducednativepopulationsaroundtheworld.Invasivespeciescompetewithnativespeciesforresources(资源)andhabitat.Theycanevenpreyonnativespeciesdirectly,forcingnativespeciestowardsextinction.3.Placedecals(贴花纸)onwindows.ItisreportedthatasmanyasonebillionbirdsintheUnitedStatesdieeachyearbecauseofcollisions(碰撞)withwindows.Youcanhelpreducethenumberofcollisionssimplybyplacingdecalsonthewindowsinyourhomeandoffice.4.Slowdownwhendriving.Manynativeanimalshavetoliveindevelopedareasandthismeanstheymustmoveinhuman-livingareas.Oneofthebiggestobstacles(障碍)tothemisthatcreatedbyroads.Roadsdividehabitatandpresentaconstantrisktoanyanimalattemptingtocrossfromonesidetotheother.Sowhenyou’reoutandabout,slowdownandkeepaneyeoutforwildlife.6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowanimalsgotoextinctionB.Theimportanceofprotectingwildlife9 C.WhattodotohelpsavewildlifeD.Howtoprotectwildlifehabitat7.Bywritingtheunderlinedsentence,thewritermeansthat_____.A.moreparksandreservesshouldbebuiltB.weshouldhavemorehabitatsfreeofdestructionC.thereisaneedforimprovementinparksandre-servesD.parksandreservesaregoodexamplesofprotectingwildlife8.Peopleareadvisedtoputdecalsonwindowsto_____.A.decoratethehousesandbeautifytheenvironmentB.protectthewindowsfrombirdshittingC.attractmorebirdstomakehomesnearbyD.avoidbirdshittingthewindowsbymistake9.Theunderlinedphrase“preyon”inthepassagemeans_____.A.driveawayB.livewithC.killforfoodD.fightwithC★★★Insomecountries,studentsmayhavetotakeoutabankloan(贷款)topayfortuitionfees.However,notinAustralia.There,studentsgethelpfromHECS-HELP(HigherEducationContributionScheme-HigherEducationLoanProgram).HECS-HELPisaloansysteminwhichthegovernmentcoverspartorallofthetuition.Itpaysdirectlytotheuniversityonthestudent’sbehalf.HECSisanAustralianinvention.Sinceitwasintroducedin1989,ithasbeencopiedinothercountriesincludingBritain,NewZealand,SouthAfrica,ChileandThailand.“It’soneofthebestthingsaboutAustralia,”exclaimedJustineDavies,26,anAustraliangirl.“Withoutit,Isimplywouldn’thavebeen9 abletogettertiary(三等的)education.Itmakesuniversityeducationinreachofeverybodywhowantsit.”DaviessaidshepaidonlyaboutA$400eachtermforhertuitionwhichwas“severalthousanddollarsayear”.OneHECS-HELPadvantageisthatstudentsdon’thavetobeginrepayinguntiltheirincomeisaboveacertainamount(A$38,148in2006-2007),accordingtothegovernmentwebsite.So,apersonmakingA$39,000in2006-2007wouldpay4percentoftheirincome,orA$1,560.Thesizeofrepaymentsriseswithincome.Iftheperson’sincomefallsbelowA$38,000,therepaymentsstopuntiltheyaregainfullyemployed.10.TheaimofHECS-HELPisto_____.A.helpstudentsgetahigherscoreB.makeeverybodyreceiveuniversityeducationC.improvestudents’abilityofearningmoneyD.makestudentsliveabetterlife11.WhichofthefollowingcountriesdoesNOTcarryoutHECS-HELP?A.Australia.B.NewZealand.C.SouthAfrica.D.India.12.Oneadvantageofthisprogramisthat_____.A.studentsneedn’tpayofftheloanfromthegovernmentB.studentsdon’thavetorepayuntiltheygetacertainincomeC.itwillhelpstudentstogetagoodjobD.itiswidelycarriedoutallovertheworld13.Ifaperson’sincomeisA$35,000in2007,therepaymentshouldbe_____.A.A$1,560B.A$1,650C.A$1,400D.zero9 D★ChristianEijkman,aDutchdoctor,lefttheNetherlandsfortheislandofJava.Manypeopleontheislandhadadiseasecalledberi-beri.Hewasgoingtheretotryandfindacure.Atfirst,Eijkmanthoughtsomekindofgerm(细菌)causedberi-beri.Heraisedsomechickens.Hedidn’teatthem,butmadeexperimentsonthem.Thelocalpeoplewerequitesurprisedatthat.OnedayhenoticedthathischickensbecamesickwhentheywerefedthefoodmostJavaneseate—refinedwhiterice(精炼米).Whenhefedthemwithunrefinedrice,alsoknownasbrownrice,theyrecovered.Eijkmanrealizedthathehadmadeanimportantdiscovery—thatsomethingsinfoodcouldpreventdisease.Thesethingswerenamedvitamins(维生素).TheJavanesewerenotgettingenoughvitaminsbecausetheyhadactuallyremovedthepartthatcontainsvitamins.Later,otherdiseaseswerealsofoundtobecausedbythelackofvitaminsinaperson’sfood.Todaymanypeopleknowtheimportanceofvitaminsandtheymakesuretheyhaveenoughvitaminsfromthefoodtheyeat.Iftheydon’t,theycanalsotakevitaminpills.14.Theunderlinedword“cure”inParagragh1probablymeans______.A.amedicaltreatmentB.akindofvitaminC.akindofgermD.akindofrice15.ChristianEijkmanwenttotheislandofJavato______.A.spendhisholidayB.findwaystogrowbettercropsC.dosomeresearchabouttheislandD.helptheJavanesewiththeirillness16.WhydidChristianEijkmanraisesomechickens?_______A.Toeatthem.B.Tocarryouthisexperiments.C.TogivetheJavaneseasurprise.D.Tomakemoneybysellingthem.9 17.Ifapersondoesn’tgetenoughvitaminsinhisdiet,he’dbetter______.A.eatmorericeB.eatmoremeatC.eatsomechickenD.eatvitaminpills18.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.beri-beriwascausedbychickensB.theJavanesedidn’tlikevitaminsC.ChristianEijkman’sexperimentwassuccessfulD.theJavanese’sdiseasewascausedbyakindofgerm第二节：翻译句子：请根据括号中的提示，把下列句子译成英语。1.经历把他造就成一个男子汉。(make)_____________________________________________________2.我现在必须得上学去，时候不早了。(havegotto)______________________________________________________3.这个国家经历了太多的战争。(gothrough)______________________________________________________4.家长和学校对孩子们的学习都十分担忧。(both…and/beconcernedabout)______________________________________________________5.为了找个好座位，玛丽早早就到场了。(inorderto)______________________________________________________9 答案：阅读：1-5BBACB6-9CBDC10-13BDBD14-18ADBDC语法：1.Heasked(me)whathecoulddoforme.2.HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish. 3.HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench..4.Heasked（me）whatmynamewas. 5.Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.6.Chloesaidthatthestorytookplaceinthe1930s.7.Thereportersaidthatthewarisnowstillon.翻译：1.Experiencemadehimaman.2.Ihavegottogotoschoolnow.It’sgettinglate.3.Thiscountrywentthroughtoomanywars.4.Boththeparentsandtheschoolareveryconcernedaboutthechildren’sstudies.5.Maryarrivedearlyinordertogetagoodseat.9