高二英语语法：状语从句导、学、练案 14页

高二英语语法---状语从句导、学、练案检测练习一：用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句1.Childassheis,sheknowsalotofthings.2.ThemoreIcandofortheclass,thehappierI’llbe.3.Hetalksasif(asthough)heknewallaboutit.4.Heissuchagoodteacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim.5.Ishallgototheparkunlessitrains.6.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.7.Wherethereiswater,thereislife.8.Hestudiedhardsothathecouldcatchupwithhisclassmates.9.Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwon"ttroubleyou.10.Evenif(though)Ifail.I’llneverloseheart.11.Onceyoubeginthework,youmustcontinue.12.Iwillfindherwherevershemaybe.13.Nowthatyou"vecome,you"dbetterhavedinnerwithus.14.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn"tfallasleep.15.Wemustdoeverythingashetellsus.16.IndiaismuchbiggerthanJapan.17.Nomatterwhenyoucome,youarewarmlywelcome.18.As(So)longasyouworkhard,youcancatchupwiththeotherclassmates.状语从句概念：是由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句由从属连接词引导。一、时间状语从句　1、常用引导词：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until14 特殊引导词：once(一旦),themoment(=theminute),nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when，bythetime(所在句子的主句应用完成时)　　WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.Bythetimehegetsthere,hisfatherhasalreadygone.二、地点状语从句常用引导词：where，wherever,　Gobackwhereyoucamefrom!哪里来还滚到哪里去！Iwillneverforgettocatchthethiefwhostolemynecklacewhereverhemaybe.我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.三、原因状语从句1、原因状语从句通常由because,since,as,for，nowthat,seeingthat(既然…),consideringthat(考虑到...)等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：Hewentabroadbecausehisfatherhadfoundagooduniversityforhim.他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.[注意]1、because与so；(al)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。2、时间、条件、原因、让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。四、目的状语从句目的状语从句通常由that，sothat...,inorderthat...，forfearthat(如果…，以防…),incase(以免…),lest(惟恐)等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词。如：Hegotupearliersothathecouldcatchthefirsttrain.他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.14 Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat/lestheshouldforget.Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.=Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.五、结果状语从句结果状语从句通常由that,so...that...,such．．．that等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：Helostsomanybikesthathedecidednevertobuyanewone.他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。　　Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.Thereweresuchalotofpeopleintheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.=Thereweresomanypeopleintheroomthatwecouldnotgetin.Tomissogoodaboythateveryonelikeshim.=Tomissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.六、条件状语从句条件状语从句通常由if,unless(=if…not)，supposethat(假如…)，supposing，giventhat，providedthat，incase（that）（万一…），onconditionthat(在…条件下)，as／solongas（只要…就…）等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾。Youwillcertainlyfailinthecomingfinalexamsunlessyouworkmuchharder.即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,weshallgohiking.如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。Youcangoout,aslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11o’clock.Supposeitrains,whatwillwedo?Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanytrouble.I’llcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvitedtoo.14 We’llletyouusetheroomprovidedthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.七、让步状语从句让步状语从句通常由though(although),as,evenif(eventhough),nomatter+疑问词（=疑问词+ever，如however,whatever）等引导。如：Evenifyoupaythedebt(债务)forme,Iwillnotthankyoubecauseithasnothingtodowithme.即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。HewearsaT-shirtthoughitisverycold.他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.Hewon’tlistenwhateveryoumaysay.注意：1、as引导让步状语从句，要倒装。如：Youngasheis,hecanreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguages.MuchasIloveit,Iwillnotbuyit.Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomings.2、nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。　　（错）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.　　（对）Whateveryousayisofnousenow.你现在说什么也没用了。(Whateveryousay是主语从句)　　（错）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey’regiven,（对）Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey’regiven.　囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。八、方式状语从句常用引导词：as(如、像、按…),asif,asthough，theway......　　引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉语常译作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，I’lldoasIamtoldto.　　WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.14 Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain.九、比较状语从句通常由than,as...as,notas(so)...as,themore…,themore…等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：JaneismuchtallerthanI/me.Jane比我高多了。Idon’thaveasmanybooksasyou(do).我书没有你多。Themoreyouread,themoreknowledgeyoucanget.你看得书越多，知识越丰富。十、使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。(“主将从现”)e.g.Whenyoufinishthework,youmaygoouttoplaywithSam.你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。Iwon’tleaveuntilMumcomesback.妈妈回来了我才会走。We’llgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.Ifhecomesback,pleaseletmeknow.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。e.g.When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(youare)asked,youmaycomein.If(itis)necessary,I’llexplaintoyouagain.14 　注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:Whenthemeetingwasover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.=Themeetingbeingover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。e.g.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.（地点状语从句）Tellmetheplacewherehelives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）Idon’tknowwherehecamefrom.（宾语从句）Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.（主语从句）Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.（表语从句）例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！一、时间状语从句［考例1］Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners"curiosity____hereachestheendofthestory．A．whenB．unlessC．afterD．until［分析］主句谓语动词hold是延续性动词，根据句意：一个优秀的讲故事的人必须能够把听众的好奇心保持到他讲完故事为止。本题选D正确。［考例2］Comeandseemewhenever____．A．youareconvenientB．youwillbeconvenientC．itisconvenientforyouD．itwillbeconvenienttoyou［分析］在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时态表示将来。问某人是否觉得方便时，应该使用下面句型：Isitconvenientforsb.?convenient也常用于it作形式主语的句型中：Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.本题选C正确。［考例3］Hemadeamistake，butthenhecorrectedthesituation____itgotworse．A．untilB．whenC．beforeD．as14 ［分析］根据句意：他犯了错误，但没等局势恶化，他就扭转了局势。before引导时间状语从句，本题选C正确。［考例4］—DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher？—Yes，Igaveittoher____Isawher．A．whileB．themomentC．suddenlyD．once［分析］名词短语themoment可直接引导时间状语从句，其后面不要再用其它连词。本题选B正确。二、地点状语从句［考例5］Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai．A．whenB．wheneverC．whereD．wherever［分析］根据句意：那位著名的科学家在出生地长大，于1930年来到上海。where引导地点状语从句，意为“在……的地方”；wherever引导地点状语从句时，意为“无论在哪里”。本题选C正确。三、原因状语从句［考例6］____you"vegotachance，youmightaswell(不妨)makefulluseofit．A．NowthatB．AfterC．AlthoughD．Assoonas［分析］nowthat意为“既然”，常用来引导原因状语从句。本题选A正确。［考例7］TheItalianboywasregardedasahero____hegavehislifeforhiscountry．A．accordingtoB．becauseofC．onaccountof（因为）D．because［分析］根据句意：那位意大利男孩被看作是英雄，因为他为祖国献出了生命。because引导原因状语从句，而B和C两个选项连接名词或名词短语。本题选D正确。［考例8］Wehadbetterhurry____itisgettingdark．A．andB．butC．asD．unless［分析］根据句意：由于天渐渐黑了，我们最好抓紧时间。as在此引导原因状语从句。本题选C正确。四、结果状语从句［考例9］Wewerein____whenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets．A．arushsoanxiousB．asuchanxiousrushC．soananxiousrushD．suchananxiousrush14 ［分析］本句是由such．．．that引导的结果状语从句，由于句中插入了whenweleft这一时间状语从句，它起到了较大的干扰作用，从而增加了试题的难度。本题选D正确。五、目的状语从句［考例10］Sallyworkedlateintheeveningtofinishherreport____herbosscouldreaditfirstthenextmorning．A．sothatB．becauseC．beforeD.orelse［分析］根据句意分析，本句应为目的状语从句。本题选A正确。六、条件状语从句［考例11］____Iknowthemoneyissafe，Ishallnotworryaboutit．A．EventhoughB．UnlessC．AslongasD．whether［分析］aslongas意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。根据句意分析，本题选C正确。［考例12］Pleasecallme____youcannotkeepthisappointment.A．untilB．ifC．whenD．that［分析］根据句意分析，本句是由if引导的条件状语从句，本题选B正确。［考例13］Youwillsucceedintheend____yougiveuphalfway．A．evenifB．asthoughC．aslongasD．unless［分析］本句意为：如果你不中途放弃，你最终会成功。本题选D正确。［考例14］Ishallstayinthehotelallday____thereisnewsofthemissingchild．A．incaseB．nomatterC．inanycaseD．eversince［分析］incase意为“以防”，用来引导目的状语从句。本句意为：我将在旅店呆一整天，以防有那个丢失的孩子的消息。本题选A正确。七、让步状语从句［考例15］Mr．Hallunderstandsthat____mathhasalwaysbeeneasyforhim，itisnoteasyforthestudents．A．unlessB．sinceC．althoughD．when［分析］根据句意分析，本句是由although引导的让步状语从句。本题选C正确。［考例16］We"llhavetofinishthejob，____．A．longittakeshoweverB．ittakeshoweverlong14 C．longhoweverittakesD．howeverlongittakes［分析］根据句意：不管用多长时间，我们都要把工作做完。本题选D正确。［考例17］Johnplaysfootball____，ifnotbetterthan，David．A．aswellB．aswellasC．sowellD．sowellas［分析］本题主要考查副词的比较等级，该句型属于表示比较状语从句。本题选B正确。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、用适当的连词填空：1.Dr.BethunecametoChina_______hewasfifty.2.Hebegantowork_______hegotthere.3.Let"sbeginourmeeting_______everyoneishere.4.IliketheEnglishpeople,_______Idon"tliketheirfood.5._______yougoinChina,youcanseesmilingfaces.6.Hedidn"tcometothelecture,_______hewasverybusy.7.Ihaveknownhim______1960.8.Theywillhelpyou______youmeetwithdifficulty.9._____wecametotheuniversity,wehavelearntquitealot.10.Ididn"tjointhemyesterdayevening______Ihadtogotoanimportantmeeting.11.Wewouldtrytogetacar_______wecouldalltraveltogethermoreeasily.12.Shewouldn"tforgethermother"sbirthday_____sheseldomwrotetoherfamily.13.Themeetingbecamesodisorderly______thespeakerhadtoshouttheaudiencedown.14.Hewasangrier______everbefore.15.______youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.16.Theboywassotired______hefellasleeponthebus.17.Hard______hetried,hecouldn’tforcethedooropen.二、选择填空：1.I’llletyouknow____hecomesback.14 A.beforeB.becauseC.assoonasD.although2.Shewillsingasong____sheisasked.A.ifB.unlessC.forD.since3.You"llmissthetrain______youhurryup.A.unlessB.asC.ifD.until4.Readitaloud_____theclasscanhearyou.A.sothatB.ifC.whenD.although5._____yougo,don"tforgetyourpeople.A.WheneverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whichever6.Itisabouttenyears_____Imetyoulast.A.sinceB.forC.whenD.as7.Theywillneversucceed,_____hardtheytry.A.becauseB.howeverC.whenD.since8._____stillhalfdrunk,hemadehiswayhome.A.WhenB.BecauseC.ThoughD.As9._____shewasverytired,shewentonworking.A.AsB.AlthoughC.EvenD.Inspiteof10.Busy_____hewas,hetriedhisbesttohelpyou.A.asB.whenC.sinceD.for11.IlearnedalittleRussian_____Iwasatmiddleschool.A.thoughB.althoughC.asifD.when12._____wegottothestation,thetrainhadleftalready.A.IfB.UnlessC.SinceD.When13._____therainstops,we"11setoffforthestation.A.BeforeB.UnlessC.AssoonasD.Though14.Shewas_____tired_____shecouldnotmoveaninch.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.very,thatD.so,as15.Wedidn’tgohome_____wefinishedthework.A.sinceB.untilC.becauseD.though16.I"llstayhere_____everyoneelsecomesback.A.evenifB.asthoughC.becauseD.until17.Althoughit"sraining,_____arestillworkinginthefield.A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey18.Speaktohimslowly_____hemayunderstandyoubetter.14 A.sinceB.sothatC.forD.because19.Itis___hotintheroom___wehavetogooutforawalk.A.such;thatB.so;thatC.as;asD.such;as20.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_____youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplaceD.where附录：1、when,while和as的区别　　When①既可以指一个时间点，又可以指一段时间。②引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间性动词。③它引导的从句表示的动作或状态，可以与主句表示的动作或状态同时发生，也可以是先后或紧接着发生。④并且when有时表示“就在那时”。　　Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.　　While①只指一段时间。②引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，③并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。④并且while有时还可以表示对比。Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,while,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.As①引导的动作是延续性的动作，②一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生，表示“一边……一边”；③它通常表示动作发生的过程而不是状态。④as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。Wealwayssingaswewalk.Asspringwarmstheearth,allflowersbegintobloom.随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。As,when,while有时可以通用。如：MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyas/when/whilefatherwasaway.（引导延续性动作，三者可以互换）Hefellasleepwhen/as/whilehewasdoingexercises.他在做练习的时候睡着了。（引导延续性动作，三者可以互换）WhenhearrivedinShanghai,hismothermethimatthestation.当他到上海时，他妈妈在车站接他。（arrive是瞬间性动词，不能用while）14 2、由before和after引导的时间状语从句。（动作发生的先后）(1)before“在……之前”，引导的从句不用否定式谓语。Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.他们还没到车站，火车就开走了。ShearrivedbeforeIexpected.我没想到她到得那么早。（2）当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“……（之后）才”。Itwillbesometimebefore…do…Itwas/wouldbesometimebefore…did…如：Itwillbelongbeforewemeetagain.要隔很久的时间我们才能再见面。Willitbelongbeforetheperformancebegins?离表演开始还很久吗?Itmightbelongbeforecivilgovernmentwouldbere-established.重建文官政府也许要等很长时间。Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他几乎把我撞倒了才看见我。Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.Theyhadnotbeenmarriedfourmonthsbeforetheyweredivorced.Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthome.3、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。（till不用于句首）(1)延续性动词（肯定式）+until（动作延续到……为止）(2)瞬间性动词/延续性动词（否定式）+until（直到……才发生）(3)强调句型：Itisnotuntil……that……Wewalkedalongtheriveruntil/tillitwasdark.Ididn"tgotobeduntil/tillmyfathercameback.ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.4、由since引导的时间状语从句。(1)since“自从……时”，主句用现在完成时。“since+瞬间性动词的过去时”（从该动作发生时算起）“since+延续性动词的过去时”（从该动作结束时算起）Shehasbeenillsinceshecameback.自从她回来就一直生病。14 Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.从他不住在这里起，我一直没有收到他的信。(2)句型Itis＋时间＋since从句自从……起有多久了Itis/hasbeensometimesince…did…Itwassometimesince…haddone…ItisfouryearssincemysisterlivedinBeijing.　5、【注意】hardly(scarcely,rarely)…when,nosooner…than相当于assoonas之意。（主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时）当hardly,scarcely,和nosooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。Eg:Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.　　　　HardlyhadIsatdownwhenhesteppedin.6、由bythetime引导的时间状语从句。　　注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。7、because,since,as,for,辨析　1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。Ididn’tgo,becauseIwasafraid.　Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.　2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是用于补充说明理由，就只能用for。　　Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.　　Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.嚷检测练习一答案:1.Childassheis,sheknowsalotofthings.让步2.ThemoreIcandofortheclass,thehappierI’llbe.比较3.Hetalksasif(asthough)heknewallaboutit.方式14 4.Heissuchagoodteacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim.结果5.Ishallgototheparkunlessitrains.条件6.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.时间7.Wherethereiswater,thereislife.地点8.Hestudiedhardsothathecouldcatchupwithhisclassmates.目的9.Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwon"ttroubleyou.原因10.Evenif(though)Ifail,I’llneverloseheart.让步11.Onceyoubeginthework,youmustcontinue.时间12.Iwillfindherwherevershemaybe.让步13.Nowthatyou"vecome,you"dbetterhavedinnerwithus.原因14.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn"tfallasleep.结果15.Wemustdoeverythingashetellsus.方式16.IndiaismuchbiggerthanJapan.比较17.Nomatterwhenyoucome,youarewarmlywelcome.让步18.As(So)longasyouworkhard,youcancatchupwiththeotherclassmates.条件练习与巩固题答案:一、1.when;2.assoonas;3.as;4.though;5.Wherever;6.because;7.Since;8.whenever;9.Since;10.because;11.sothat;12.though;13.that;14.than;15.Evenif;16.that;17.as二、1~5CAAAC6~10ABCBA11~15DDCAB16~20DABBD14