高考英语语法——分词 4页

高考英语语法专讲：分词来源：网络资源作者：时间：2009-07-23点击：31一.概念:  分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式二.相关知识点精讲:1.现在分词的用法： 1)做表语：   Hewasveryamusing.   Thatbookwasratherboring.   很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：   exciting,interesting,encouraging,disappointing,confusing,touching,puzzling. 2)作定语：   上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词：   Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.   Ifoundhimacharmingperson.   现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句：   Thereareafewboysswimmingintheriver.   Thereisacarwaitingoutside. 3)作状语：   现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：    FollowingTom,westartedtoclimbthemountain.   Openingthedrawer,hetookoutabox.   Takingakeyoutofhispocket,heopenedthedoor.   现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句：   Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.   Beingunemployed,hehasn’tgotmuchmoney.   现在分词短语还可以表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句：   Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.   Returninghome,hebegantodohishomework.   Jimhurthisarmwhileplayingtennis.   Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad.   Havingfoundahotel,welookedforsomewheretohavedinner.   Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome. 4)作宾补：   现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：   例如,see,hear,catch,find, keep, have等.   Iseehimpassingmyhouseeveryday.   Icaughthimstealingthingsinthatshop.   Ismeltsomethingburning.Shekepthimworkingallday.2.过去分词的用法：  1)作表语：   Weweresoboredthatwecouldn’thelpyawning.  Shefeltconfused,andevenfrightened.   Theywereverypleasedwiththegirl.   I’msatisfiedwithyouranswer.   Heisnotinterestedinresearch. 2)作定语：   Shehasapleasedlookonherface.   Theteachergaveusasatisfiedsmile.   cookedfood      awrittenreport   friedeggs        boiledwater   frozenfood       armedforces   requiredcourses   fallenleaves   finishedproducts   aforcedsmile   therisensun      newarrivedvisitors   What’sthelanguagespokeninthatcountry?   They’reproblemleftoverbyhistory.   Theplayputonbytheteacherswasabigsuccess.   Isthereanybodyinjured?   Doyouknowthenumberofbooksordered? 3)作状语：    Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.   Givengoodhealth,Ihopetofinishtheworkthisyear.   Theycamein,followedbysomechildren.   Depressed,hewenttoseehiseldersister.   Whentreatedwithkindness,hewasveryamiable. 4)作宾补：   过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语，接在某些动词后面   Iwillhavetheclotheswashedtomorrow.Whentheygetbackhome,theyfoundtheroomrobbed.