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中考英语语法特辑---名词点击数:495次 录入时间:2012/10/1115:08:00 编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点]下一页12 (一)名词的分类 名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词要注意单复数。 (二)名词的数 1、可数名词与不可数名词 A、不可数名词,中学阶段常见的不可数名词有:water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange(桔汁);fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper(纸);time(时间);music;weather;grass;news;food;fish(鱼肉);coke;porridge;cake(可数或不可数).不可数名词应注意以下几点: 1)前无冠,后无复;作主语为三单. 2)表量用约数some/any;much;alotof eg.Thereis____breadonthetable.[] A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.many Thereissome_______ontheplate.[] A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer 2、可数名词的复数 不规则变化: man——menm,woman——women,policeman——policemen,foot——feet,tooth——teeth,child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen,mouse—mice 注意: ①potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes ②单复同形:fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese ③由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数(mandoctor—mendoctors) ④reef—reefs ⑤“某国人”的复数:口诀是“ eg.German—Germans ⑥有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。 eg:
cloth布——,acloth桌布、抹布; sand沙——sands沙滩; tea茶——atea一杯茶; orange橘汁——anorange橘子; glass玻璃——aglass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜; paper纸——apaper试卷、论文; wood木头——awood小森林; room空间、余地——aroom房间 fruit——fruits;food——foods;fish——fishes;drink——adrink; 3、名词所有格:名词’s(意思是“……的”) A.有生命的名词所有格,一般在后加“’s”; 注意: 1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s” LucyandLily’sfather露西和莉莉的父亲 Lucy’sandLily’sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲. 2)以s结尾的词只加“’” eg.1)theboys’books2)James’father 3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导 eg.thelegofthedesk 4)双重所有格:afriendofmyfather’s afriendofmine(√)afriendofmy(×)练习 一、写出下列词的复数 1.book______2.bus______3.orange_______ 4.baby______5.boy______6.my________ 7.his_______8.knife______9.watch________ 10.sheep______11.tooth_____12.leaf____ 13.German__________14.Chinese_________ 二、选择正确的答案 ()1.—Arethose______? ---No,theyaren’t.They’re_____. A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cow C.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows
()2.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme____. A.twoorangeB.twobottlesoforange C.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges ()3.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow? A.averygoodB.any C.apieceofD.twopieces ()4.___roomisonthe5thfloor. A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’s C.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s ()5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa____tohisoffice. A.20minutes’walkB.20minute’swalk C.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk ()6.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim____. A.Mr.GreenB.Mr.Allan C.Mr.JamesD.JamesGreen ()7.JackandTomare____. A.goodfriendsB.goodfriend C.agoodfriendD.goodafriend ()8.It’sonlyaboutten____walktothenearestpostoffice. A.minutesB.minute’sC.minutes’D.minute ()9.Heoftenhas____forbreakfast. A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreads C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads ()10.Mrs.Greenhastwo____.They’reverybright. A.childsB.childC.children’sD.children ()11.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim’s______. A.twomonthsholidayB.twomonths’holiday C.two-monthholidayD.twomonth’sholidays ()12.Iwon’tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotof____todo. A.worksB.jobC.workD.working ()13.LiLeiisafriendof___. A.IsisterB.mysister’s C.mesisterD.mysisterof
()14.Haveyouread____? A.today’sB.todaypaper C.thetoday’spaperD.today’spaper ()15.Howmany___arethereintheroom? A.boxesB.boxC.boxsD.boxxes ()16.Many____havebeenbuiltinourcitysince1987. A.factorysB.factories C.factoryesD.factorys ()17.Therearelotsof___inthebasketonthetable. A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatoss ()18.Thecatcaughttwo___lastnight. A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices ()19.Jackwenttohavetwo___pulledoutyesterdayafternoon. A.toothsB.toothC.teethD.toothes ()20.Inourschooltherearefifty-five___. A.womenteachersB.womanteachers C.womenteacherD.woman’steacher ()21.Thethree___willbeputintoprison. A.thiefsB.thiefC.thievesD.thiefs’ 练习题答案: 1——5ABCBD6—10AACCD 11—15CCBDA16—21BCBCAC中考英语语法特辑---介词点击数:147次 录入时间:2012/10/1115:10:00 编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点] 1.时间 1)at+具体时刻 2)on+具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时) 3)in+年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 口诀:at时间点,in指日月年 On指具体某一天早中晚 但注意:atnight=inthenightatnoon atthis/thattimeatChristmas
eg.1.___themorning2.___Mondaymorning 3.___arainyevening4.___3:505.__2002 6.___themorningofApril107.___spring 8.___night9.___thistime10.___March 另外注意:在时间词(morning,afternoon,evening;Sunday…)前有last,next,this,that时,不再用介词.tomorrow,tonight前也不用介词。 2.地点: at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: eg.1)Hearrived___Shanghaiyesterday. 2)Theyarrived___asmallvillagebeforedark. 3)Thereisabighole____thewall. 4)Theteacherputupapicture____thewall. 3.方位 in(范围内);on(范围外且接壤);to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1)TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina. 2)HubeiisonthenorthofHunan. 3)JapanistotheeastofChina. cross:动词“跨过,越过”=goacross 4.across:(表面)跨过 through:(内部)穿过,贯穿介词 eg.1)Canyouswim_____theriver? 2)Theroadruns__________theforest. 3)_____thebridge,you’llfindacinema. 5.in+时间段:与将来时连用 after+时间段:与过去时连用 但after+时间点:可与将来时连用。 1)I’llleave_______threeo’clock..Thatis,I’llleave________abouttenminutes. 2)Theyleft_______twoweeks. 6.inthetree(外加在树上的事物) onthetree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等) inthewall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)
7.onthewall(墙表面的事物) 1)Thereisamap___thewall 2)Therearefourwindows___thewall. 8.bybike/bus/car/ship(单数且无冠词) 但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时,则应使用相应的介词。 eg.bybike=ona(the;his)bike bycar=ina(the;her)car on:在…(表面)上——接触 9.over:在…的正上方 above:在…的斜上方未接触 1)Themoonrose______thehill. 2)Thereisabridge_____theriver. 3)Thereisabook______thedesk. 10.between:在(两者)之间 among:在(三者以上)之间 1)AbigcrowdofpeoplewerewaitingforLiLidaonthebeach.________themwerehisparents. 2)Tomsits________LucyandLily. 11.on与about:关于 on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等 about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及 eg.Hegaveatalk____thehistoryoftheParty 12.infrontof:在…前面/方(范围外)=before in/atthefrontof:在……前部(范围内) 1)Thereisabigtree_______oftheclassroom. 2)Adriverdrives_________ofthebus. 类似区别:atthebackof与behind 13.with和in:表示“用“ with:指“用工具、手、口等” in:指“用语言、话语、声音等” 1)Pleasewritetheletter____apen. 2)Pleasespeak____aloudvoice. 14.onafarm;inafactory;thegirlinthehat;leavefor:动身前往某地
15.一些固定搭配: (1)介词与动词的搭配 listento,laughat,getto,lookfor; waitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend…on…,等。 (2)介词与名词的搭配 ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot, withpleasure,onone’swayto,introuble, atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。 (3)介词与形容词的搭配 belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat, beinterestedin,beangrywith, befullof,besorryfor等。中考英语语法特辑---数词点击数:131次 录入时间:2012/10/1115:13:00 编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点] 1.基数词(1000以内的基数词的读法) (1)1-20:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty 2.基数词变序数词的方法: (1)一般在基数词后加th eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth (2)不规则变化 one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve--~twelfth (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th twenty→twentieth,forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。 twenty-first,twohundredandforty-fifth 口诀: 基变序,有规律;词尾要加th。
一二三,特殊记;词尾分别tdd。 八去t,九去e;ve则以f替。 ty则变作ti;后面还有一个e。 要是遇到几十几;只将个位变成序。 3.数词的应用: A、时间: a.整点:基数词+o’clock eg.It’seighto’clocknow. b.几点几分: 1.直接表达法:先小时后分 eg.3:25threetwenty-five 2.间接表达法:先分后小时 1)(<30分钟)用past:分钟past小时 eg.3:25twenty-five(minutes)pastthree 2)(>30分钟)用to:(60-分钟数)to(小时数+1) eg.3:35twenty-five(minutes)tofour 3)30分钟=half15分钟=aquarter eg.3:30threethirty=halfpastthree 3:15threefifteen=aquarterpastthree. 3:45threeforty-five=aquartertofour B、日期表达法:月日,年(或日月年) 1949年10月1日: October1st,nineteenforty-nine =thefirstofOctober,nineteenforty-nine 2000年:theyeartwothousand =twentyhundred 2001年:twentyoone 3月1日:Marchthefirst=thefirstofMarch C、表编号: 第207房间:Room207 第五课:Lesson5=thefifthlesson D、序数词与不定冠词(a;an)连用表“又一;再一” eg.You’vedoneitthreetimes.Whynottryafourthtime?
E、分数的表达:分子(基数)、分母(序数) eg.onethird三分之一twothirds三分之二 注意: 1.分子超过1时,分母加s 2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语 eg.1)Onethirdofthestudentsaregirls. 2)Onethirdofthemilkismine. 3.分数的特殊形式 1)onethird=athird 2)onefourth=aquarter threefourths=threequarters 3)onesecond=ahalf F、表约数: 表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。 若带名词,再加of 如:hundredsof(数百,成百上千的),thousandsof(数干,成千上万的),millionsof(数百万的) G、数学运算的表达 eg.3+5=8Threeplus/andfiveiseight. 9-2=7Nineminustwoisseven. 6x5=30Fivetimessixisthirty 8÷2=4Eightdividedbytwoisfour.中考英语语法特辑---代词点击数:166次 录入时间:2012/10/1115:22:00 编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点]代词的分类: (一)指示代词:this,that,these,those.this,that一般与可数名词的单数连用,而不与不可数名词连用。 thatapple(√)thatmeat(×) (二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 1)人称代词:主格、宾格(作主语为主格,作宾语为宾格;介+宾格) eg.1)Ithankyou 2)Youthankme.
2)物主代词:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 eg.Thisis_____(我的)book.Thisbookis______(我的).[my;mine] 3)反身代词:某某自己;亲自 单数复数 yourselfyourselves myselfourselves himselfthemselves herself itself 反身代词的常见搭配: 1.enjoyoneself玩得高兴;过得愉快 2.hurtoneself伤着自己 3.teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学 4.(all)byoneself(完全)独立地 5.helponeselfto请自便;随便吃… 6.lookafteroneself自理;照顾自己 7.leaveonebyoneself把…单独留下 8.loseoneselfin陶醉于…;沉浸于… (三)不定代词 1)some与any 一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句(但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some—此类句型常以could,would开头) 2)many+可数=alotof:许多 much+不可数 (但alotof不能用于否定句) 3)few,afew;little,alittle ①.Thestoryiseasytoread.Thereare____newwordsinit. ②.Hurryup!Thereis_____timeleft. 4)everyone/anyone不加of noone不加of noneof ()____ofuswantstoreadthebook. A.EveryoneB.Everyone
C.NobodyD.Noone 5)相互代词other,another,others 单数复数 泛指another 三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语 othersome…others 特指one…theother 一个…另一个theothers=theother+复名(另外的人或物) ①.Westudy_____subjectsbesidesChinese. ②.MayIhave___________apple? ③.Thesecupsareclean.________aredirty. ④.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblue.[other;another;others;theothers] eachother(两者的)相互 Weshouldlearnfromeachother(说明we指两个人) Theyhelponeanother(说明they指三个人以上) 6)二者与三者 复数单数单数 二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一个) 三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一个) 注意: ①.both否定neitherall否定none ②.both,all不但作主语为复数,且被修饰的词也为复数;neither,none作主语为单数,但noneof+复名,neitherof+复名 ()1.____ofmyparentsisateacher. A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.All ()2.Therearemanytreeson____sideoftheriver. A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all everyone/anyoneof 7)each:(二者以上的)每个 every:(三者以上的)每个 ①.____studentintheclasslikesEnglish. ②.___ofthestudentsstudiedhard.
表否定表肯定 可数few(几乎没有)afew(几个;一些) 不可数little(几乎没有)alittle(一点儿少许) 主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词 I You He she It we they中考英语语法特辑---冠词点击数:340次 录入时间:2012/10/1115:24:00 编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点]下一页12 1、不定冠词a,an a用在辅音音素开头的词前eg.abook,ausefulbook an用于元音开头的词前.eg.anapple,anhour 2、定冠词the 1)特指某人/某物 Thebookonthedeskismine. 2)世上独一无二的事物前 thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky 3)形、副最高级及序数词前 Thethirdboyisthetallestofall. 注意: HeismyfirstEnglishteacher. 4)the+姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。 theGreens格林一家/格林夫妇 3、不用冠词的几种情况: 1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词 2)学科名词前
3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前(但:①当三餐名词前有修饰词时,则要加适当的冠词.②表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the) 1)Hewenttoschoolafterhehadaquickbreakfast. 2)playtheviolin/piano 在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。 inhospital(在住院);inthehospital(在医院) inprison();intheprison() attable(吃饭,用餐);atthetable(在桌旁) infrontof(在某个范围之外的前面);inthefrontof(在某个范围之外的前面) gotocollege(上大学);gotothecollege(去那所大学) takeplace(发生);taketheplace(代替) 练习 ()1.Thereis____“s”in____word“bus”. A.a;aB.an;theC.a;theD.an;a ()2.Mathsis___usefulsubject.Youcan’tdropit,Ithink. A.anB.aC.theD./ ()3.____badweatheritis! A.HowB.WhataC.HowaD.What ()4.—Whatcoloris___orange? --It’s_____orange. A.an;anB.an;theC.an;/D./;an ()5.Mr.Liis____oldworker. A.anB.aC.someD./ ()6.Lookat____picture!There’s____houseinit. A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a ()7.Onemorninghefound____handbag.Therewas___“s”onthecornerof___handbag. A.a;an;theB.a;a;the C.a;a;aD.the;an;a()8.What___interestingstoryitis! A.aB.anC.theD./ ()9.Meimeiis___beststudentinherclass. A.aB.anC./D.the
()10.Tomis___kindboy.All___studentslovehim. A.a;/B.a;theC.an;/D.an;the ()11.Is___bookonthedeskmine?Yes. A.theB.aC.anD./ ()12.Evenwhilehewasin___hospital,hewentonwritingsongs. A.aB.anC.theD./ ()13.Don’tread_____. A.inbedB.inthebedC.onbedD.onthebed ()14.Smithis____honestman. A.aB.theC.anD./ ()15.Chinahas___populationof1,200,000,000. A./B.anC.theD.a ()16.What’s____for“椅.子”? A.EnglishB.anEnglish C.theEnglishD.anyEnglish ()17.Maryis___clevererofthetwogirls. A.theB.aC.anD.much ()18.____youngmustlookafter___old. A.The;aB.The;theC.A;aD.A;the ()19.___earthisoneof____planets. A.The;sun’sB.The;thesun C.The;thesun’sD.The;thesuns’ ()20.Tokyois___. A.thecapitalofJapanB.capitalofJapan C.JapancapitalD.acapitalofJapan ()21.Katesometimesplays___violin(小提琴)andsometimesplays___tabletennisbeforesupper. A./;theB.the;/C.the;theD./;/ ()22.–Haveyouseen___pencil?Ileftitherethismorning. --Isit___redone?Isawit. A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a ()23.Thereis_______orangetreebehind_____house. A.an;theB.a;aC.the;theD.an;/
()24.—Howlongdidyoustaythere? --Abouthalf___hour. A./B.oneC.aD.an 练习题答案: 1——5DBDCA6—10DABDB 11—15ADACD16—20AABCA 21—24BDAD中考英语语法特辑---连词点击数:161次 录入时间:2012/10/1115:40:00 编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点] (一)从属连词:用于连接各种从句的连词 (二)并列连词: 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有: 1.表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor等。 2.表选择关系的or,either…or等。 3.表转折关系的but,while(然而)等。 4.表因果关系的for,so等。 5.and:“和”在肯定句中表并列 or:“和”在否定句中表并列 另外:1)or“或者”用于选择疑问句 2)or“否则” eg.①.Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaormilk? ②.Hurryup,oryou’llbelateforschool. 6.but“但是”表转折 eg.Ilistened,butIheardnothing. 注意:1)though(虽然),but(但是)不能连用 2)not…but不是…而是 eg.Thisbookisn’tminebutyours. both…and:既…又(连接主语为复数) neither…nor:既不…也不连接两主 7.either…or:或者…或者语后者决 notonly…butalso:不但…而且定单、复 eg.1)BothheandIarestudents.
2)NeitherhenorIamastudent. 练习 ()1.---WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesein2008? ---Idon’tthinkso.Now______theyoung______theoldcanspeaksomeEnglish. A.either…orB.notonly…butalso C.neither…norD.both…or ()2.Wedidn’tcatchthetrain_______weleftlate. A.soB.becauseC.butD.though ()3.Tomfailedintheexamagain_______hewantedtopassitverymuch. A.ifB.soC.thoughD.as ()4.Iwon’tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwords______Ihavetestedhimmyself. A.afterB.whenC.ifD.until ()5.Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehours______herealizedit. A.whenB.untilC.afterD.before ()6.---Thisdresswaslastyear’sstyle. ---Ithinkitstilllooksperfect______ithasgoneoutthisyear. A.sothatB.eventhough C.asifD.eversince ()7.Hurryup,_______youwillmissthetrain. A.andB.soC.howeverD.or ()8.Themountainwas______steep_____fewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop. A.so…asB.so…that C.as…asD.too…to ()9.---DoyourememberourpleasantjourneytoXi’an? ---Ofcourse.Iremembereverything______ithappenedyesterday. A.assoonasB.eventhough C.ratherthanD.asif ()10.______youcan’tanswerthisquestion,wehavetoasksomeoneelseforhelp. A.AlthoughB.While
C.WhetherD.Since 总结: ①表并列关系:notonly...butalso,neither...nor,and ②表选择关系:or,either...or ③表转折关系:but,while ④表因果关系:for,so (2)从属连词(用来引导从句) ①引导时间状语从句:after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas ②引导原因状语从句:because,as,since ③引导目的状语从句:sothat,inorderthat ④引导结果状语从句:sothat,so…that,such...that ⑤引导比较状语从句:than,as…as ⑥引导宾语从句:that,if,whether中考英语语法特辑---形容词副词点击数:390次 录入时间:2012/10/1115:42:00 编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点] adj.表示人和事物的特征,对名词起修饰和描绘作用 adv.表示动作特征或性状,主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子 一、形容词、副词的比较级 1.原级:表示A与B在某方面相同。 句型:1)A+谓+as+原级+as+B 2)A+谓(否定)+as/so+原级+as+B 注意:notas/so…as=less…than不及;不如 eg.1)Thisgirlisasbeautifulasthatone. 2)Youdon’teatsomuchasI. 3)Thisbookisn’tasinterestingasthatone =Thisbookis________________thatone 2.比较级:两者进行比较(常与than连用) 1)Iamclevererthanyou我比你聪明。 2)HerunsfasterthanJim他比Jim跑得快。 3)IpickedmoreapplesthanJim.我比你摘的苹果多。 4)Whichismoreinteresting,thisoneorthatone?哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?
3.最高级:三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in,of短语连用) (注意:of+个体名词单数in+集合名词) eg.1)ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina. 2)Herunsfastestinourclass. 3)Heisthetallestofthethreeboys. 4)Whichistheeasiest,Lesson1,Lesson2orLesson3? 4.形、副比较等级的其他用法 1)“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越……” eg.lazierandlazier越来越懒 (但注意:如果多音节词用此结构时应为moreandmore+形、副) eg.moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮 2)“the比较级,the比较级”“越……,越……” eg.themore,thebetter多多益善 _________youare,_______youwillget. 你越懒,收获越少。 3)“the比较级of+二者”“二者中较……的一个” eg.1)Lucyistheyoungerofthetwins. 2)Of(A)thetwobooks(B)thisone(C)isthicker(D)._________ 4)表示二者相差多少用“具体数量+比较级” eg.He’saheadtallerthanme. Mybrotheristwoyearsolderthanme 5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice;threetimes等+as…as” eg.1)Thisbookcoststwiceasmuchasthatone.这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。 6)区别older/elder与farther/further older(年龄较老的) elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的) eg.My______brotheris______thanme. farther(指距离“较远的”) further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”) eg.1)Hewentabroadfor________studies. 2)Fusunis_________fromourschoolthanZhaohua. 二、形、副比较等级还应注意
1.比较级前用alittle;much/alot;even/still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多;更……” eg.1)alittlebigger大一点儿 2)muchmore多得多 3)evenheavier更重 但注意:不能在比较级前加so;too;very;quite等。 2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as;than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that;those;one;ones eg.1)Theapplesinthisbasketareredderthaninthatbasket. 2)OurbedroomisbiggerthanLily. 3.表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“second,third,…”(但“第一”不能用first) eg.TheChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinChina.改错:________________ 4.形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则 A、规则变化 ①一般在词尾加er或est ②以e结尾的只加r或st ③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est ④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或est 5.多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级 6、不规则变化 原级比较级最高级 good/wellbetterbest many/muchmoremost bad/ill/badlyworseworst littlelessleast oldolder/elderoldest/eldest farfarther furtherfarthest furthest 4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the,副词的最高级前一般不加the(但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。
eg.Lilyismythebestfriend.(改错)________ 5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语,如:ill;alone;asleep;afraid;interested;excited;surprised). 三、注意:副词的种类、用法及位置 1.副词的种类 (1)时间副词 ①表示大体时间:now,then,yesterday,today,tonight,before,justnow,recently,sO faf ②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never ③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,atonce,immediately,atfirst,atlast,finally (2)地点副词 ①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere ②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past (3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”,(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成):badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly (4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,abit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly (5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句:how,when,where,why (6)连接副词连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why (7)关系副词引导定语从句:when,where,why (8)其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(一般说来),luckily(幸运地是),firstofall(首先)等。