中考英语语法特辑 20页

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中考英语语法特辑

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中考英语语法特辑---名词点击数:495次  录入时间:2012/10/1115:08:00  编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点]下一页12  (一)名词的分类  名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词要注意单复数。  (二)名词的数  1、可数名词与不可数名词  A、不可数名词,中学阶段常见的不可数名词有:water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange(桔汁);fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper(纸);time(时间);music;weather;grass;news;food;fish(鱼肉);coke;porridge;cake(可数或不可数).不可数名词应注意以下几点:  1)前无冠,后无复;作主语为三单.  2)表量用约数some/any;much;alotof  eg.Thereis____breadonthetable.[]  A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.many  Thereissome_______ontheplate.[]  A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer  2、可数名词的复数  不规则变化:  man——menm,woman——women,policeman——policemen,foot——feet,tooth——teeth,child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen,mouse—mice  注意:  ①potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes  ②单复同形:fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese  ③由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数(mandoctor—mendoctors)  ④reef—reefs  ⑤“某国人”的复数:口诀是“  eg.German—Germans  ⑥有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。  eg:   cloth布——,acloth桌布、抹布;  sand沙——sands沙滩;  tea茶——atea一杯茶;  orange橘汁——anorange橘子;  glass玻璃——aglass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜;  paper纸——apaper试卷、论文;  wood木头——awood小森林;  room空间、余地——aroom房间  fruit——fruits;food——foods;fish——fishes;drink——adrink;  3、名词所有格:名词’s(意思是“……的”)  A.有生命的名词所有格,一般在后加“’s”;  注意:  1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”  LucyandLily’sfather露西和莉莉的父亲  Lucy’sandLily’sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.  2)以s结尾的词只加“’”  eg.1)theboys’books2)James’father  3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导  eg.thelegofthedesk  4)双重所有格:afriendofmyfather’s  afriendofmine(√)afriendofmy(×)练习  一、写出下列词的复数  1.book______2.bus______3.orange_______  4.baby______5.boy______6.my________  7.his_______8.knife______9.watch________  10.sheep______11.tooth_____12.leaf____  13.German__________14.Chinese_________  二、选择正确的答案  ()1.—Arethose______?  ---No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.  A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cow  C.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows   ()2.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme____.  A.twoorangeB.twobottlesoforange  C.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges  ()3.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?  A.averygoodB.any  C.apieceofD.twopieces  ()4.___roomisonthe5thfloor.  A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’s  C.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s  ()5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa____tohisoffice.  A.20minutes’walkB.20minute’swalk  C.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk  ()6.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim____.  A.Mr.GreenB.Mr.Allan  C.Mr.JamesD.JamesGreen  ()7.JackandTomare____.  A.goodfriendsB.goodfriend  C.agoodfriendD.goodafriend  ()8.It’sonlyaboutten____walktothenearestpostoffice.  A.minutesB.minute’sC.minutes’D.minute  ()9.Heoftenhas____forbreakfast.  A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreads  C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads  ()10.Mrs.Greenhastwo____.They’reverybright.  A.childsB.childC.children’sD.children  ()11.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim’s______.  A.twomonthsholidayB.twomonths’holiday  C.two-monthholidayD.twomonth’sholidays  ()12.Iwon’tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotof____todo.  A.worksB.jobC.workD.working  ()13.LiLeiisafriendof___.  A.IsisterB.mysister’s  C.mesisterD.mysisterof   ()14.Haveyouread____?  A.today’sB.todaypaper  C.thetoday’spaperD.today’spaper  ()15.Howmany___arethereintheroom?  A.boxesB.boxC.boxsD.boxxes  ()16.Many____havebeenbuiltinourcitysince1987.  A.factorysB.factories  C.factoryesD.factorys  ()17.Therearelotsof___inthebasketonthetable.  A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatoss  ()18.Thecatcaughttwo___lastnight.  A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices  ()19.Jackwenttohavetwo___pulledoutyesterdayafternoon.  A.toothsB.toothC.teethD.toothes  ()20.Inourschooltherearefifty-five___.  A.womenteachersB.womanteachers  C.womenteacherD.woman’steacher  ()21.Thethree___willbeputintoprison.  A.thiefsB.thiefC.thievesD.thiefs’  练习题答案:  1——5ABCBD6—10AACCD  11—15CCBDA16—21BCBCAC中考英语语法特辑---介词点击数:147次  录入时间:2012/10/1115:10:00  编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点]  1.时间  1)at+具体时刻  2)on+具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时)  3)in+年、月、季节及一天中的某部分  口诀:at时间点,in指日月年  On指具体某一天早中晚  但注意:atnight=inthenightatnoon  atthis/thattimeatChristmas   eg.1.___themorning2.___Mondaymorning  3.___arainyevening4.___3:505.__2002  6.___themorningofApril107.___spring  8.___night9.___thistime10.___March  另外注意:在时间词(morning,afternoon,evening;Sunday…)前有last,next,this,that时,不再用介词.tomorrow,tonight前也不用介词。  2.地点:  at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:  eg.1)Hearrived___Shanghaiyesterday.  2)Theyarrived___asmallvillagebeforedark.  3)Thereisabighole____thewall.  4)Theteacherputupapicture____thewall.  3.方位  in(范围内);on(范围外且接壤);to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系  eg.1)TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.  2)HubeiisonthenorthofHunan.  3)JapanistotheeastofChina.  cross:动词“跨过,越过”=goacross  4.across:(表面)跨过  through:(内部)穿过,贯穿介词  eg.1)Canyouswim_____theriver?  2)Theroadruns__________theforest.  3)_____thebridge,you’llfindacinema.  5.in+时间段:与将来时连用  after+时间段:与过去时连用  但after+时间点:可与将来时连用。  1)I’llleave_______threeo’clock..Thatis,I’llleave________abouttenminutes.  2)Theyleft_______twoweeks.  6.inthetree(外加在树上的事物)  onthetree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)  inthewall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)   7.onthewall(墙表面的事物)  1)Thereisamap___thewall  2)Therearefourwindows___thewall.  8.bybike/bus/car/ship(单数且无冠词)  但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时,则应使用相应的介词。  eg.bybike=ona(the;his)bike  bycar=ina(the;her)car  on:在…(表面)上——接触  9.over:在…的正上方  above:在…的斜上方未接触  1)Themoonrose______thehill.  2)Thereisabridge_____theriver.  3)Thereisabook______thedesk.  10.between:在(两者)之间  among:在(三者以上)之间  1)AbigcrowdofpeoplewerewaitingforLiLidaonthebeach.________themwerehisparents.  2)Tomsits________LucyandLily.  11.on与about:关于  on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等  about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及  eg.Hegaveatalk____thehistoryoftheParty  12.infrontof:在…前面/方(范围外)=before  in/atthefrontof:在……前部(范围内)  1)Thereisabigtree_______oftheclassroom.  2)Adriverdrives_________ofthebus.  类似区别:atthebackof与behind  13.with和in:表示“用“  with:指“用工具、手、口等”  in:指“用语言、话语、声音等”  1)Pleasewritetheletter____apen.  2)Pleasespeak____aloudvoice.  14.onafarm;inafactory;thegirlinthehat;leavefor:动身前往某地   15.一些固定搭配:  (1)介词与动词的搭配  listento,laughat,getto,lookfor;  waitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend…on…,等。  (2)介词与名词的搭配  ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,  withpleasure,onone’swayto,introuble,  atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。  (3)介词与形容词的搭配  belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,  beinterestedin,beangrywith,  befullof,besorryfor等。中考英语语法特辑---数词点击数:131次  录入时间:2012/10/1115:13:00  编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点]  1.基数词(1000以内的基数词的读法)  (1)1-20:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty  2.基数词变序数词的方法:  (1)一般在基数词后加th  eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth  (2)不规则变化  one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve--~twelfth  (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th  twenty→twentieth,forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth  (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。  twenty-first,twohundredandforty-fifth  口诀:  基变序,有规律;词尾要加th。   一二三,特殊记;词尾分别tdd。  八去t,九去e;ve则以f替。  ty则变作ti;后面还有一个e。  要是遇到几十几;只将个位变成序。  3.数词的应用:  A、时间:  a.整点:基数词+o’clock  eg.It’seighto’clocknow.  b.几点几分:  1.直接表达法:先小时后分  eg.3:25threetwenty-five  2.间接表达法:先分后小时  1)(<30分钟)用past:分钟past小时  eg.3:25twenty-five(minutes)pastthree  2)(>30分钟)用to:(60-分钟数)to(小时数+1)  eg.3:35twenty-five(minutes)tofour  3)30分钟=half15分钟=aquarter  eg.3:30threethirty=halfpastthree  3:15threefifteen=aquarterpastthree.  3:45threeforty-five=aquartertofour  B、日期表达法:月日,年(或日月年)  1949年10月1日:  October1st,nineteenforty-nine  =thefirstofOctober,nineteenforty-nine  2000年:theyeartwothousand  =twentyhundred  2001年:twentyoone  3月1日:Marchthefirst=thefirstofMarch  C、表编号:  第207房间:Room207  第五课:Lesson5=thefifthlesson  D、序数词与不定冠词(a;an)连用表“又一;再一”  eg.You’vedoneitthreetimes.Whynottryafourthtime?   E、分数的表达:分子(基数)、分母(序数)  eg.onethird三分之一twothirds三分之二  注意:       1.分子超过1时,分母加s  2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语  eg.1)Onethirdofthestudentsaregirls.  2)Onethirdofthemilkismine.  3.分数的特殊形式  1)onethird=athird  2)onefourth=aquarter  threefourths=threequarters  3)onesecond=ahalf  F、表约数:  表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。  若带名词,再加of  如:hundredsof(数百,成百上千的),thousandsof(数干,成千上万的),millionsof(数百万的)  G、数学运算的表达  eg.3+5=8Threeplus/andfiveiseight.  9-2=7Nineminustwoisseven.  6x5=30Fivetimessixisthirty  8÷2=4Eightdividedbytwoisfour.中考英语语法特辑---代词点击数:166次  录入时间:2012/10/1115:22:00  编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点]代词的分类:  (一)指示代词:this,that,these,those.this,that一般与可数名词的单数连用,而不与不可数名词连用。  thatapple(√)thatmeat(×)  (二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词  1)人称代词:主格、宾格(作主语为主格,作宾语为宾格;介+宾格)  eg.1)Ithankyou  2)Youthankme.   2)物主代词:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。  eg.Thisis_____(我的)book.Thisbookis______(我的).[my;mine]  3)反身代词:某某自己;亲自  单数复数  yourselfyourselves  myselfourselves  himselfthemselves  herself  itself  反身代词的常见搭配:  1.enjoyoneself玩得高兴;过得愉快  2.hurtoneself伤着自己  3.teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学  4.(all)byoneself(完全)独立地  5.helponeselfto请自便;随便吃…  6.lookafteroneself自理;照顾自己  7.leaveonebyoneself把…单独留下  8.loseoneselfin陶醉于…;沉浸于…  (三)不定代词  1)some与any  一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句(但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some—此类句型常以could,would开头)  2)many+可数=alotof:许多  much+不可数  (但alotof不能用于否定句)  3)few,afew;little,alittle  ①.Thestoryiseasytoread.Thereare____newwordsinit.  ②.Hurryup!Thereis_____timeleft.  4)everyone/anyone不加of  noone不加of  noneof  ()____ofuswantstoreadthebook.  A.EveryoneB.Everyone   C.NobodyD.Noone  5)相互代词other,another,others  单数复数  泛指another  三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语  othersome…others  特指one…theother  一个…另一个theothers=theother+复名(另外的人或物)  ①.Westudy_____subjectsbesidesChinese.  ②.MayIhave___________apple?  ③.Thesecupsareclean.________aredirty.  ④.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblue.[other;another;others;theothers]  eachother(两者的)相互  Weshouldlearnfromeachother(说明we指两个人)  Theyhelponeanother(说明they指三个人以上)  6)二者与三者  复数单数单数  二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一个)  三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一个)  注意:  ①.both否定neitherall否定none  ②.both,all不但作主语为复数,且被修饰的词也为复数;neither,none作主语为单数,但noneof+复名,neitherof+复名  ()1.____ofmyparentsisateacher.  A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.All  ()2.Therearemanytreeson____sideoftheriver.  A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all  everyone/anyoneof  7)each:(二者以上的)每个  every:(三者以上的)每个  ①.____studentintheclasslikesEnglish.  ②.___ofthestudentsstudiedhard.   表否定表肯定  可数few(几乎没有)afew(几个;一些)  不可数little(几乎没有)alittle(一点儿少许)  主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词  I  You  He  she  It  we  they中考英语语法特辑---冠词点击数:340次  录入时间:2012/10/1115:24:00  编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点]下一页12  1、不定冠词a,an  a用在辅音音素开头的词前eg.abook,ausefulbook  an用于元音开头的词前.eg.anapple,anhour  2、定冠词the  1)特指某人/某物  Thebookonthedeskismine.  2)世上独一无二的事物前  thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky  3)形、副最高级及序数词前  Thethirdboyisthetallestofall.  注意:  HeismyfirstEnglishteacher.  4)the+姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。  theGreens格林一家/格林夫妇  3、不用冠词的几种情况:  1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词  2)学科名词前   3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前(但:①当三餐名词前有修饰词时,则要加适当的冠词.②表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the)  1)Hewenttoschoolafterhehadaquickbreakfast.  2)playtheviolin/piano  在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。  inhospital(在住院);inthehospital(在医院)  inprison();intheprison()  attable(吃饭,用餐);atthetable(在桌旁)  infrontof(在某个范围之外的前面);inthefrontof(在某个范围之外的前面)  gotocollege(上大学);gotothecollege(去那所大学)  takeplace(发生);taketheplace(代替)  练习  ()1.Thereis____“s”in____word“bus”.  A.a;aB.an;theC.a;theD.an;a  ()2.Mathsis___usefulsubject.Youcan’tdropit,Ithink.  A.anB.aC.theD./  ()3.____badweatheritis!  A.HowB.WhataC.HowaD.What  ()4.—Whatcoloris___orange?  --It’s_____orange.  A.an;anB.an;theC.an;/D./;an  ()5.Mr.Liis____oldworker.  A.anB.aC.someD./  ()6.Lookat____picture!There’s____houseinit.  A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a  ()7.Onemorninghefound____handbag.Therewas___“s”onthecornerof___handbag.  A.a;an;theB.a;a;the  C.a;a;aD.the;an;a()8.What___interestingstoryitis!  A.aB.anC.theD./  ()9.Meimeiis___beststudentinherclass.  A.aB.anC./D.the   ()10.Tomis___kindboy.All___studentslovehim.  A.a;/B.a;theC.an;/D.an;the  ()11.Is___bookonthedeskmine?Yes.  A.theB.aC.anD./  ()12.Evenwhilehewasin___hospital,hewentonwritingsongs.  A.aB.anC.theD./  ()13.Don’tread_____.  A.inbedB.inthebedC.onbedD.onthebed  ()14.Smithis____honestman.  A.aB.theC.anD./  ()15.Chinahas___populationof1,200,000,000.  A./B.anC.theD.a  ()16.What’s____for“椅.子”?  A.EnglishB.anEnglish  C.theEnglishD.anyEnglish  ()17.Maryis___clevererofthetwogirls.  A.theB.aC.anD.much  ()18.____youngmustlookafter___old.  A.The;aB.The;theC.A;aD.A;the  ()19.___earthisoneof____planets.  A.The;sun’sB.The;thesun  C.The;thesun’sD.The;thesuns’  ()20.Tokyois___.  A.thecapitalofJapanB.capitalofJapan  C.JapancapitalD.acapitalofJapan  ()21.Katesometimesplays___violin(小提琴)andsometimesplays___tabletennisbeforesupper.  A./;theB.the;/C.the;theD./;/  ()22.–Haveyouseen___pencil?Ileftitherethismorning.  --Isit___redone?Isawit.  A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a  ()23.Thereis_______orangetreebehind_____house.  A.an;theB.a;aC.the;theD.an;/   ()24.—Howlongdidyoustaythere?  --Abouthalf___hour.  A./B.oneC.aD.an  练习题答案:  1——5DBDCA6—10DABDB  11—15ADACD16—20AABCA  21—24BDAD中考英语语法特辑---连词点击数:161次  录入时间:2012/10/1115:40:00  编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点]  (一)从属连词:用于连接各种从句的连词  (二)并列连词:  并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有:  1.表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor等。  2.表选择关系的or,either…or等。  3.表转折关系的but,while(然而)等。  4.表因果关系的for,so等。  5.and:“和”在肯定句中表并列  or:“和”在否定句中表并列  另外:1)or“或者”用于选择疑问句  2)or“否则”  eg.①.Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaormilk?  ②.Hurryup,oryou’llbelateforschool.  6.but“但是”表转折  eg.Ilistened,butIheardnothing.  注意:1)though(虽然),but(但是)不能连用  2)not…but不是…而是  eg.Thisbookisn’tminebutyours.  both…and:既…又(连接主语为复数)  neither…nor:既不…也不连接两主  7.either…or:或者…或者语后者决  notonly…butalso:不但…而且定单、复  eg.1)BothheandIarestudents.   2)NeitherhenorIamastudent.  练习  ()1.---WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesein2008?  ---Idon’tthinkso.Now______theyoung______theoldcanspeaksomeEnglish.  A.either…orB.notonly…butalso  C.neither…norD.both…or  ()2.Wedidn’tcatchthetrain_______weleftlate.  A.soB.becauseC.butD.though  ()3.Tomfailedintheexamagain_______hewantedtopassitverymuch.  A.ifB.soC.thoughD.as  ()4.Iwon’tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwords______Ihavetestedhimmyself.  A.afterB.whenC.ifD.until  ()5.Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehours______herealizedit.  A.whenB.untilC.afterD.before  ()6.---Thisdresswaslastyear’sstyle.  ---Ithinkitstilllooksperfect______ithasgoneoutthisyear.  A.sothatB.eventhough  C.asifD.eversince  ()7.Hurryup,_______youwillmissthetrain.  A.andB.soC.howeverD.or  ()8.Themountainwas______steep_____fewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.  A.so…asB.so…that  C.as…asD.too…to  ()9.---DoyourememberourpleasantjourneytoXi’an?  ---Ofcourse.Iremembereverything______ithappenedyesterday.  A.assoonasB.eventhough  C.ratherthanD.asif  ()10.______youcan’tanswerthisquestion,wehavetoasksomeoneelseforhelp.  A.AlthoughB.While   C.WhetherD.Since  总结:  ①表并列关系:notonly...butalso,neither...nor,and  ②表选择关系:or,either...or  ③表转折关系:but,while  ④表因果关系:for,so  (2)从属连词(用来引导从句)  ①引导时间状语从句:after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas  ②引导原因状语从句:because,as,since  ③引导目的状语从句:sothat,inorderthat  ④引导结果状语从句:sothat,so…that,such...that  ⑤引导比较状语从句:than,as…as  ⑥引导宾语从句:that,if,whether中考英语语法特辑---形容词副词点击数:390次  录入时间:2012/10/1115:42:00  编辑:hongmeizxxk[宣传赚点]  adj.表示人和事物的特征,对名词起修饰和描绘作用  adv.表示动作特征或性状,主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子  一、形容词、副词的比较级  1.原级:表示A与B在某方面相同。  句型:1)A+谓+as+原级+as+B  2)A+谓(否定)+as/so+原级+as+B  注意:notas/so…as=less…than不及;不如  eg.1)Thisgirlisasbeautifulasthatone.  2)Youdon’teatsomuchasI.  3)Thisbookisn’tasinterestingasthatone  =Thisbookis________________thatone  2.比较级:两者进行比较(常与than连用)  1)Iamclevererthanyou我比你聪明。  2)HerunsfasterthanJim他比Jim跑得快。  3)IpickedmoreapplesthanJim.我比你摘的苹果多。  4)Whichismoreinteresting,thisoneorthatone?哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?   3.最高级:三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in,of短语连用)  (注意:of+个体名词单数in+集合名词)  eg.1)ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.  2)Herunsfastestinourclass.  3)Heisthetallestofthethreeboys.  4)Whichistheeasiest,Lesson1,Lesson2orLesson3?  4.形、副比较等级的其他用法  1)“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越……”  eg.lazierandlazier越来越懒  (但注意:如果多音节词用此结构时应为moreandmore+形、副)  eg.moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮  2)“the比较级,the比较级”“越……,越……”  eg.themore,thebetter多多益善  _________youare,_______youwillget.  你越懒,收获越少。  3)“the比较级of+二者”“二者中较……的一个”  eg.1)Lucyistheyoungerofthetwins.  2)Of(A)thetwobooks(B)thisone(C)isthicker(D)._________  4)表示二者相差多少用“具体数量+比较级”  eg.He’saheadtallerthanme.  Mybrotheristwoyearsolderthanme  5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice;threetimes等+as…as”  eg.1)Thisbookcoststwiceasmuchasthatone.这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。  6)区别older/elder与farther/further  older(年龄较老的)  elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)  eg.My______brotheris______thanme.  farther(指距离“较远的”)  further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)  eg.1)Hewentabroadfor________studies.  2)Fusunis_________fromourschoolthanZhaohua.  二、形、副比较等级还应注意   1.比较级前用alittle;much/alot;even/still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多;更……”  eg.1)alittlebigger大一点儿  2)muchmore多得多  3)evenheavier更重  但注意:不能在比较级前加so;too;very;quite等。  2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as;than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that;those;one;ones  eg.1)Theapplesinthisbasketareredderthaninthatbasket.  2)OurbedroomisbiggerthanLily.  3.表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“second,third,…”(但“第一”不能用first)  eg.TheChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinChina.改错:________________  4.形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则  A、规则变化  ①一般在词尾加er或est  ②以e结尾的只加r或st  ③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est  ④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或est  5.多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级  6、不规则变化  原级比较级最高级  good/wellbetterbest  many/muchmoremost  bad/ill/badlyworseworst  littlelessleast  oldolder/elderoldest/eldest  farfarther  furtherfarthest  furthest  4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the,副词的最高级前一般不加the(但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。   eg.Lilyismythebestfriend.(改错)________  5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语,如:ill;alone;asleep;afraid;interested;excited;surprised).  三、注意:副词的种类、用法及位置  1.副词的种类  (1)时间副词  ①表示大体时间:now,then,yesterday,today,tonight,before,justnow,recently,sO faf  ②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never  ③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,atonce,immediately,atfirst,atlast,finally  (2)地点副词  ①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere  ②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past  (3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”,(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成):badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly  (4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,abit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly  (5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句:how,when,where,why  (6)连接副词连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why  (7)关系副词引导定语从句:when,where,why  (8)其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(一般说来),luckily(幸运地是),firstofall(首先)等。