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  • 2022-06-17 15:18:52 发布

中考英语语法专项复习课件 名词

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名词 A.名词(Noun.-n.)定义:人、地、物、事或观念等名称叫做名词。人:Edison(爱迪生),Helen(海伦),Mr.Wang(王先生)地:Asia(亚洲),China(中国),NewYork(纽约)物:book(书),dog(狗),tree(树),water(水)事或观念:work(工作),music(音乐),truth(真理)注:1.如人名、地名、国名等属于该名称持有者专用的名称,其第一字母必须大写,如Edison,NewYork,China。 2.名词亦有可数和不可数之分,如果是可数的就有单数和复数的区别。所谓复数就是多于一个的意思,通常是在单数名词的词尾加“-s,es,ies,…”以示其为复数。例如abook(一本书)twobooks(两本书)oneboy(一个男孩)someboys(一些男孩)onegirl(一个女孩)manygirls(许多女孩) ___________________________________________________情况  构成方法  读音    例词__________________________________________________一般情况   加-s1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后bag-bags读/z/;car-cars ___________________________________________________以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词 加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches ___________________________________________________以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾 的词     加-s读/iz/license-licenses ___________________________________________________以辅音字母+y变y为i结尾的词   再加es读/z/baby---babies ___________________________________________________ 1.2其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:   如:twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays比较:层楼:storey---storeysstory---stories 2)以o结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos;b.加es,如:potato--potatoestomato--tomatoesc.均可,如:zero---zeros/zeroes3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs;b.去f,fe加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves;c.均可,如:handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves 1.3名词复数的不规则变化1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。  如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans。2)单复同形 如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。    如:peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。    如:TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。b.news是不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。"TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜)trousers,clothes若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼 1.7名词的格    在英语中有些名词可以加""s"来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:ateacher"sbook。名词所有格的规则如下:1)单数名词词尾加""s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加""s",如theboy"sbag男孩的书包,men"sroom男厕所。2)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加""",如:theworkers"struggle工人的斗争。3)凡不能加""s"的名词,都可以用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:thetitleofthesong歌的名字。4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:thebarber"s理发店。5)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有"s,则表示"分别有";只有一个"s,则表示"共有"。   如:John"sandMary"sroom(两间)JohnandMary"sroom(一间)6)复合名词或短语,"s加在最后一个词的词尾。   如:amonthortwo"sabsence 1.Therearesome________onthehill. A.sheepsB.asheepC.sheepD.sheepes2.MrBlackoftengivesus________byEmail. A.somegoodinformationB.somegoodinformationsC.goodinformationsD.agoodinformation 3.Therearesomenewbooksintheschoollibrary.Theyare____books. A.childB.childrens"C.childrenD.children"s 4.Ihavewornoutmyshoes,soIwanttobuyanew________. A.pairB.oneC.onesD.trousers 5.Meimei"shandwritingisbetterthananyother______inhisclass. A.studentsB.studentsC.student"sD.students" 6.Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere.It"sabout_______. A.fortyminutes"swalkB.fortyminute"swalk C.fortyminuteswalkD.fortyminutes"walk 7.Howmany_____arethereinyourclass? A.JapaneseB.AmericanC.AustralianD.Canadian 8.Ifoundmyblackcatin_____room. A.JimandMikeB.JimandMike"sC.Jim"sandMike"sD.Jim"sandMike 9.Howmucharethe_____? A.breadB.meats.C.potatosD.tomatoes 10.Therearemany______inourschool. A.womanteachersB.woman"steachersC.womenteachersD.women"steachers 11.Threemonths________alongtimeforme. A.isB.areC.haveD.has 12.Thereare______and______onthetable. A.twoboxescake;fourbottleoforanges B.twoboxescake;fourbottleoforange C.twoboxesofcakes;fourbottlesoforange D.twoboxofcakes;fourbottlesoforanges ()I-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?-I"vegotfive. A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken ()2Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday. A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()3Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo.  A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs()4Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.  A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American ()1Myfatherisa____.Heworksinahospital. A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.soldier ()2-WhichanimallivesonlyinChina?-The____. A.tigerB.monkeyC.pandaD.elephant ()3Aprilcomebefore___andafter___. A.March;MayB.May;MarchC.June;MayD.March;February ()4Whichofthefollowingisright? A.Chinahasalargepopulation.B.Chinahasmuchpopulation. C.Chinahasmanypopulations.D.Chinahasagreatdealofpopulation. ()5Pleasedolikethis.Foldthepaper____andcutalongthefold. A.intopiecesB.inhalfC.onhalvesD.tohalf ()6Youplayedtheviolinwonderfully.Willyoupleaseplayanother____? A.oneB.gameC.programmeD.piece ()1.Sydneyisacityof___. A.AmericaB.GermanyC.AustraliaD.Japan ()2Myfatherlikesbuyingus___. A.carsB.flowersC.peasantsD.presents ()3InEngland,thelastnameisthe___. A.fullnameB.familynameC.middlenameD.givenname ()4MrGaoisateacher.Heworksinanew____. A.shopB.schoolC.factoryD.hospital )1September10this____inChina. A.Teacher"sDayB.Teachers"DayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay ()2-Isthebroomunder____desk?-No,it"sunder____,. A.theteacher"s;myB.teacher"s;mine  C.teacher"s;meD.theteacher"s;mine ()3Excuseme,whereisthe___? A.men"sroomB.mens"roomC.men"sroomsD.menrooms