2015届高考英语语法知识点复习学案24 8页

www.ks5u.com2015山西长治市高考英语语法填空及阅读类一轮自选练习（3）及答案语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【辽宁卷题型】Mr.Smith：MissTaylor,whatsportsdoyougoin__1__？MissTaylor：I"m__2__(absolute)madabouttennis.ButIenjoybasketballandvolleyballfromtimetotime，too.Mr.Smith：TheysaythatsportsaremostlikedinEnglishschoolsanduniversities.MissTaylor：Right,Wethinksportswill__3__(able)thestudentstobetterfacelifeinthehighly__4__(compete)societywearelivingin.Mr.Smith：Iquiteagree.We__5__paymoreattentionto__6__(build)upstrongbodieswithhealthyminds.Oh,MissTaylor,whatare__7__mostpopularsportsinBritain?MissTaylor：Well,it"s__8__questionthatfootball"satthetopofthelist.WecallitsoccerinEngland.Mr.Smith：Itseemstobeacommontopicofconversation.MissTaylor：Yes,infact，Ithink__9__theweather,it"sthethingmosttalkedaboutinEngland.Mr.Smith：So__10__wewanttostartaconversationwithastranger,we"dbetterstarttalkingabouttheweatherorarecentfootballmatch,Isthattheidea?1．______2.______3.______4.______5.______6．______7.______8.______9.______10.______答案：1．for　考查介词。goinfor表示“报名参加”。2．absolutely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知缺少状语，所以用副词。3．enable　考查构词法。此处缺少谓语，所以用动词形式。4．competitive　考查形容词。此处指竞争激烈的社会。5．should　考查情态动词。此处表示应该。6．building　考查非谓语动词。句中to是介词，后面跟doing搭配。7．the　考查冠词。在形容词最高级前面应该加the。8．outof　考查介词。outofquestion表示“毫无疑问”。9．apartfrom/besides　考查副词。此处表示“除……之外”。10．if　考查连词。此处表示条件。完型填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[记叙文型完形填空(一)]YesterdayIwasreturningfromBostonbybus.Mywifewasplanningtoleavetheworkto__1__meupfromthebusstation.Icalledhertosaynottobother.Iwouldjust__2__thelocalbustoseeher.WhileIwassittingonthebus,ayoungwomanwithadog__3__.Shewascarryingseveralbagsofheavybooks.Inoticedthedogwasanemergencydog,onethatwastrainedto__4__theownerofapossibleseizure.I__5__theyoungwomanmentiontosomeoneelsethatshe__6__hadtwomilestowalkwiththe__7__booksaftershegotoffthebus.IthoughtmaybeIshouldaskifshewantedaridebutIwasn"tsureatwhich__8__shewasgettingoffsoI__9__anddidn"task.Igotoffthebusatthestopwheremywifewas__10__.Asweweredrivinghome,allofasuddenIsawthe__11__youngladywithherdog.Iaskedmywifeto__12__andIaskedtheyoungladyifshewouldlikea__13__.Shesaidshewouldlovearidebutshewas__14__aboutthedogwhowasquitebig.Iaskedifthedogcouldgetinthe__15__.HetriedtodoitbyhimselfbutintheendIhadtolifthimin.__16__，thedog"snamewasSam.TheyoungladygotinandI__17__.TherewasSam,sittingveryproudlyinthebackseatwithhis__18__.Itwasquiteasight!Wetookthembothhomeandtheladywasveryappreciative.Whenreflectingonthis__19__，IwasalittlesadthatIdidn"tactthefirsttimeonthebus.ButIwasveryhappytohavehadthesecond__20__todowhatIshouldhavedonethefirsttime.1.A．cutB．pickC．turnD．bring2.A．urgeB．driveC．takeD．expose3.A．reliedonB．putonC．gotonD．gotin4.A．impressB．guessC．cureD．warn 5.A．heardB．sawC．touchedD．listened6.A．evenB．thenC．stillD．already7.A．interestingB．heavyC．usefulD．important8.A．doorB．standC．stopD．direction9.A．supportedB．noddedC．movedD．hesitated10.A．waitingB．buildingC．workingD．repairing11.A．sameB．similarC．differentD．equal12.A．thinkupB．pulloverC．thinkofD．shutup13.A．solutionB．helperC．rideD．reminder14.A．embarrassedB．relaxedC．puzzledD．concerned15.A．horseB．trainC．busD．car16.A．OnthewayB．InthewayC．BythewayD．Inaway17.A．lookedbackB．lookedup[C．lookeddownD．lookedfor18.A．friendB．ownerC．motherD．bags19.A．mirrorB．experienceC．eventD．trip 20.A．methodB．approachC．luckD．chance(一)【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一次乘车的经历。通过自己的这次经历，作者旨在告诉我们，要抓住机会做自己应该做的事情。1．B　由第一段倒数第二句“我”打电话跟她说不要麻烦可推知，“我”的妻子正计划来汽车站接“我”。picksbup接某人；cutup切碎；turnup出现，到来，开大；bringup提出，教育，养育。2．C　由第二段的“WhileIwassittingonthebus…”可知，“我”将乘当地的公共汽车到她那里。乘公共汽车用take。3．C　由第三段shegotoffthebus可知，一位带着狗的年轻女士上了车。上公共汽车用geton。relyon依赖，依靠；puton穿上。4．D　根据上文的anemergencydog可知，这个狗是用来警告、提醒主人的。5．A　从下文的mention可知，“我”听见年轻女士跟其他人提到从公共汽车下来之后，她还有两英里路要走。6．C　下车后，仍然要走两英里，所以用still。7．B　根据上文的“Shewascarryingseveralbagsofheavybooks.”可知，是很重的书。8．C　此处指“我”不知道她要在哪个车站下车。stop“车站”，第四段也有提及。9．D　根据上文的Iwasn"tsure可知，“我”犹豫了并且没有问。10．A　根据下文的“Asweweredrivinghome…”和第一段可知，妻子在等“我”。11．A　根据上下文可知，作者又看到了在公共汽车上看到的那位女士。故选A。12．B　因为“我们”正开车回家并且“我”看到了刚才那位车上带着狗的女士，所以想让她搭车，故要把车停到路边。pullover路边停车；thinkup想出，设计出；thinkof想起；shutup安静，闭嘴。13.C　根据下文的“Shesaidshewouldlovearide…”可知，“我”问她是否需要搭车。14．D　根据下文可知，这位女士担心她的狗。beconcernedabout担心，挂念。15．D　根据上文可知，妻子是开车来接“我”，故选择D项。getinthecar上车。16．C　根据上下文可知，bytheway“顺便说一句”符合文章意思。ontheway在路上；intheway挡道，碍事；inaway在某种程度上。17．A　根据下文的sittingveryproudlyinthebackseat可知，作者向后看(lookback)。 18．B　因为Sam是狗，所以应是与主人(owner)坐在一起。19．B　总结上文可知，这是作者的一次经历(experience)。20．D　从上文可知，作者在公共汽车上时没问那位年轻女士是否要搭便车，而当再次看到那位女士时，有了第二次机会(chance)去做第一次他想做而没做的事。阅读理解。选材相似度：★★★★设题相似度：★★★难度系数：★★★★Mankindevolvedtopossessthefightorflightstressresponse，allowingustosurviveinadangerousworld.Yetintoday"smanmadejungle，ithasbecomeoneofourgreatestkillers.Evensimpletasks，suchasdrivingtowork，areoftencompoundedbyemotionalresponses:expletiveshurled，fistsshakeninangerandaggressivethreatsmadetowardotherdrivers.Weforgettoturnoffournatureandinsteadallowstress，angerandfrustrationtotakephysicalcontrolofourbodies.WhyStress，AngerandFrustrationareProblematicTheproblemwithstressandangerinthemodernworldisthatmoststressfulorfrustratingscenariesdonotrequireanactivephysicalresponse.Therearenolionsortigerstoescape，onlyimaginaryones.Ourinactivityinthefaceofstressorfrustrationcausesmostofusnottorecognizethatourfightorflightresponsesystemhasbeenstarted.Ourbodiesoftenexistinastateofconstantpanic，andthechemicalsandhormonesreleasedintothebloodbecometoxic，resultinginheartdisease，arthritis，osteoporosis，diabetesandcertaincancers.The_biological_response_that_has_helped_to_keep_us_from_becoming_prey_for_thousands_of_years_is_now_preying_upon_us.HowtoKeepStress，AngerandFrustrationfromKillingYouThefirstthingtodointhebattleagainststressandangeristorecognizethem.Recognizingtriggersandphysicalresponsestostressfulsituationscanhelpyoureducethem.Onceyourecognizethatastressfulsituationhastriggeredaphysiologicalresponse，thebestwaytobringthebodybackintoahomeostatic_stateisthroughphysicalactivity.Walking，running，biking，jumpingoranyenergeticactivitywillhelpbringthebodybackintoequilibrium.Whileitmayseemstrangetodo100jumpingjacksafterastressfulmeetingorgoforajogaftergettingintoanargumentwithyourwife，itcansaveyourlife.Itonlyfeelsunnaturalbecauseourenvironmentisunnatural.Don"tletstress，angerorfrustrationeatatyou.Fightbackthroughexercise. Notes：①frustrationn．挫折　②equilibriumn．平衡长短句分析：Ourbodiesoftenexistinastateofconstantpanic，andthechemicalsandhormonesreleasedintothebloodbecometoxic，resultinginheartdisease，arthritis，osteoporosis，diabetesandcertaincancers.句法点睛：and前后为顺承关系，resulting是动名词形式作结果状语。句意：我们的身体常常处于一种持续的恐慌状态，这使得化学物质和释放入血液中的荷尔蒙变得有毒，从而导致心脏病、关节炎、骨质疏松症、糖尿病和某些癌症。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了面对压力、愤怒和挫折，人们最佳的应对方法——进行体育活动。1．Whichofthefollowingisn"tmentionedinthepassageastheexpressionofemotionalresponseduringdrivingtowork?A．Expletiveshurled.B．Sweatallover.C．Fistsshakeninanger.D．Aggressivethreats.答案　B　[细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Evensimpletasks，suchasdrivingtowork，areoftencompoundedbyemotionalresponses：expletiveshurled，fistsshakeninangerandaggressivethreatsmadetowardotherdrivers.”可知，A项、C项和D项都在文中有信息支持，只有B项未提及。]2．Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentence?A．Ourbiologicalresponseisnotasusefulasbefore.B．Thereissomethingwrongwithourbiologicalresponse.C．Ourbiologicalresponsenowaffectsusinabadway.D．Ourbiologicalresponsenowmakesusthepreyofotherlivings.答案　C　[推理判断题。这句话直译是“数千年来使得我们成为捕猎者的生物反应现在反过来使得我们成为被捕猎者”。意味着以前帮助我们生存的生物反应现在使得我们在生存中变得十分被动，因而C项正确。其他选项均不合语境。]3．Findoutawordwhichhasthesimilarmeaningwiththeunderlinedphraseinthispassage.A．Equilibrium.B．Stressful.C．Unnatural.D．Frustrating.答案　A　[词义猜测题。由语境可知，使身体回到“homeostaticstate”的最好方式是进行体育活动。后面一句对上文进行了进一步解说。equilibrium和homeostaticstate是同义词。]4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtherightwaytokeepyoufromstress，angerandfrustration? A．Dojumpingjacks.B．Goforajog.C．Haveawalk.D．Stayathomedoingnothing.答案　D　[推理判断题。由最后一段最后两句“Don"tletstress，angerorfrustrationeatatyou.Fightbackthroughexercise.”可知，击败压力、愤怒和挫折的最好办法是进行体育活动。选项中只有D项不是体育活动。]阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Headingofftocollegethisyear?Herearesomefashiontipsfromourexpertsyoushouldkeepinmind:Dresstoimpress:StylistandbusinessconsultantDanielaSmithsays,“Girlsshouldkeepinmindthatyourcollegeprofessorswilloftenbethebridgethatconnectsyoutoyourfuturecareerandyourclassmateswillbecomeyourprofessionalnetwork.Youdon’tneedtodresslikeyou’regoingtotheoffice,butyoushoulddisplayanabilitytoproperlypresentyourselfwithappropriatematurityandconfidence,andlookputtogether.”Logomania(品牌狂热症):Wearingthelogosofbrandsaimedatyoungercustomersphysicallyidentifiesyouaspartofthatagegroup,soconsiderthetargetedagegroupofthestoresyoushopat.It’stemptingtoloaduponlogos,especiallywell-knownlogosthatsignifyhigh-endbrands.Butconsiderthis:collegeisatimeofself-discovery,achancetodevelopyourownpersonalstyle.Insteadofwearinglogosheadtotoe,“walkingadvertisement”-style,whynotexpresswhoyoureallyare?Wearrealpants!Thecombinationofleggingsandbaggyshirtsisalltoocommononcollegecampuses.Smithpointsoutthatleggings,yogapants,andsweatpantsareentirelyunacceptableinpublicunlessyou’reexercising.Althoughleggingswornaspantsareacommontrendamonghighschoolandcollegegirls,theyarenotanappropriatechoicefordaywear.Asayoungwoman,yourstylechoiceshouldbegintoreflectyourmaturitylevel.So,getridofleggingsandwearrealpants!Keepthecutefactortoaminimum:StayawayfromsweatersandT-shirtswithsmilinganimals,cartooncharacters,orHelloKittyonthem.Sure,kittensmightbecute,butthey’renotdoingyouanyfavorsinthestyledepartment.Dressingtoocutesycantakeyearsoffyourlook, andnotnecessarilyinagoodway!1.Thesecondparagraphindicatestheimportanceof________.A.impressingprofessorsB.gettingonwellwithclassmatesC.creatingaprofessionalimageD.dressingappropriately2.Theauthorbelievesthatcollegegirlsshould________.A.choosealogothatsuitstheirageB.trytoloaduponwell-knownlogosC.uselogostoshowwhotheyareD.findtheiridentitybytryingdifferentlogos3.Theauthorrecommendswearingrealpantsbecause________.A.leggingsandbaggyshirtsaretoocommonB.yogapantsandsweatpantsarenotascomfortableC.realpantscanpresentyouwithappropriatematurityD.peoplelikerealpantsbetterthantheotherpants4.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardssweaterswithanimalsonthem?A.Theymakepeoplelooklovely.B.Theyareveryfashionablethesedays.C.Theywillshowyou’reananimallover.D.Theyarenotsuitableforcollege-agedstudents.5.Inwhichmagazinewouldyoumostlikelyfindthispassage?A.BusinessWeek.B.Parents.C.Instyle.D.Travel&Leisure.【参考答案】1—5、DACDC