高中英语语法精讲精练---名词性从句 8页

高中英语语法精讲精练----名词性从句一、名词性从句的语法功能与分类在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句。1)Whatheisgoingtodoisnotclear.2)Whowillbeourmonitorhasn’tbeendecidedyet.宾语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中用作宾语，那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。1)Jacksaidthathehadsomethingimportanttodo.2)Iwanttoknowif/whetherthereisatraintoBeijing.表语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中用作表语，那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.同位语从句：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词，如news，idea，fact，word（消息），question，thought，doubt，order，promise，hope，message，information等的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。关联词多用从属连词that。1)Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.2)WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?3)EarlyinthedaycamethenewsthatGermanyhaddeclaredwaronRussia.【注意】that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别☆定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词，因此，它是属于形容词性从句。而同位语从句属于名词性从句，它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的，或者说是解释前面名词的内容。换而言之：同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。 区别同位语从句定语从句①阐明它前面的名词具体内容。☆Thesuggestionthatwe【should】cleantheroombuyturnsisgood.①限定它前面的名词的范围或补充一些情况。☆Thesuggestion【that】heputforwardatthemeetingisgood.②that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省略。☆ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.②that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分（主语或宾语）。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。☆Thenews【that/which】hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.③只有在内容方面可进一步阐明的名词。（可以带同位语的名词多为抽象名词）。如：news，fact，idea，question，suggestion等。③几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。☆Theapple【that/which】hegavemeisaredone.区别：Galileocollectedfacts__B___theEarthgoesroundthesun.Galileocollectedfacts__D___provedtheEarthgoesroundthesun.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.AandB【考点点拨】在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，名词性从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：☆Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。☆Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis（should）besettledassoonaspossible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。此类词有：一“坚持”insist 二“命令”order,command三“建议”advise(advice),suggest(suggestion),propose(proposal)四“要求”require,request,desire,demand二、名词性从句连接词的选用名词性从句一般有以下三种连接词：1.从属连词that，if和whether。that在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可以省略；if不可以用于句首。Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear. Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework. 2.连接代词主要有who,whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever，whichever等。Whoevercomesiswelcome.  Whatconcernsmemostiswhowillbemyteachernextterm.3.连接副词主要有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等。Noneofusknowswherethesenewbookscanbebought.Thequestionunderdiscussioniswherewewillholdthemeeting.[注意]不能使用if的情况a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句e.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.f.与ornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.注意1：that/what的辨用1.______hewantsisabook. 2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.4.Hetoldus______hefeltill.5.Theresultis______wewonthegame.6.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.7.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.8.Thefact______sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.规则：1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用2.what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。注意2：whether与if的辨用规则：1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”，whether/if都可以用；2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”，只能用whether；3.在whether…ornot和whethertodo中whether不能换成if练习：if/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.3.___________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.4.Ithasn"tbeendecided____________weshallattendthemeeting.5.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idon’tknow_______togoortostayathome.附加练习1.Idoubt____________hecanspeakEnglish.2.Idon’tdoubt____________hecanspeakEnglish.注意3：whatever与nomatterwhat的辨用Whatever有两个用法，一是引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句），二是用于引导让步状语从句。 Nomatterwhat只能引导让步状语从句（不能引导名词性从句），其意为“无论什么”。【注意】这样用的nomatterwhat与引导状语从句的whatever用法相同，有时可互换。如：Nomatterwhatyousay,Ibelieveyou.=Whateveryousay,Ibelieveyou.无论你说什么，我都相信你。一、2010年高考真题链接1.(全国卷I卷33).Wehaven’tdiscussedyet_______wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A.that           B.which         C.what         D.where2.(全国II卷10)—Haveyoufinishedthebook？—No.I’vereadupto_____thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.A.which         B.what          C.that         D.where3.(北京卷31).Iwanttobelikedandlovedfor               Iaminside. A.who            B.where         C.what           D.how4.(北京卷32).PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was __      itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife. A.what           B.that            C.why            D.whether5.(北京卷33).               somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.A.Whether        B.What           C.That            D.How6.(福建卷35).Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thave              wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.A.that          B.which             C.what              D.whether7.(湖南卷35).Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew_____shewassoangry.A.where           B.whether         C.that               D.why8.(江苏卷35).—IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.   —That’s_______Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.A.where          B.how            C.when        D.what9.(辽宁卷34).—-It’snousehavingideasonly.—-Don’tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact.A.how           B.who            C.what           D.where10.(山东卷26).Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof______mykidswillneedforthecomingseason. A.why          B.what         C.how         D.which11.(陕西卷18).Itneveroccurredtome_____youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.  A.which          B.what         C.that          D.if12.(四川卷14).Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon              hegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives. A.what           B.who            C.how            D.why13.(天津卷14).Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknow_______ittakestostartabusinesshere.A.how             B.what             C.when          D.which14.(重庆卷25).Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestions            hadusedtheproducts.A.whoever         B.who             C.whichever      D.which15.(浙江卷1).－Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?  －OK,__       youwant.  A.whichever         B.however           C.whatever           D.whoever16.(浙江卷9).Itisuncertain_          sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.  A.that               B.what            C.how             D.whether17.(上海卷36).Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis              shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.A.that          B.how             C.what            D.why18.(上海卷37).Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow                 .              A.heisenteringwhichlane            B.whichlaneheisentering   C.isheenteringwhichlane            D.whichlaneisheentering二、句子翻译1.请把奖品给先来的人。_______________________________________________________________________2.孩子长大后，要鼓励他们做力所能及的家务。_______________________________________________________________________3.越来越多的大学生面临着这样一个事实,找一份合适的工作实属不易。(face)_______________________________________________________________________4.他近视眼的原因是连续四五个小时不停地看书。_______________________________________________________________________5.毫无疑问政府会采取措施来阻止疾病的蔓延。（doubt）_______________________________________________________________________6.会议是否会如期举行还没有被最后决定。（decide）_______________________________________________________________________7.她迟到的原因是要照顾她生病的妹妹。（takecareof）_______________________________________________________________________8.中国参加了世贸组织不仅是个巨大的挑战，而且是个很好的机遇。（notonly…butalso）_______________________________________________________________________9.据报道，到目前为止，已经有2个孩子在洪水中失去了生命。（It）_______________________________________________________________________10.人类不得不接受这样一个事实：由于温室效应，全球气候正在变暖。（becauseof） _______________________________________________________________________参考答案：一、2010年高考真题链接DDCBB 6-10CDAAB 11-15CBBAC 16-18BAB二、句子翻译1.请把奖品给先来的人。Pleasegivetheprizetowhoevercomesfirst.2.孩子长大后，要鼓励他们做力所能及的家务。Whenchildrengrowup,theyshouldbeencouragedtodowhateverhouseworktheycando.3.越来越多的大学生面临着这样一个事实,:找一份合适的工作实属不易。(face)Moreandmorecollegestudentsarefacedwiththefactthatitisveryhardtofindasuitablejob.4.他近视眼的原因是连续四五个小时不停地看书。Thereasonwhyhebecameshort-sightedwasthatheoftenkeptreadingbooksfor4to5hours.5.毫无疑问政府会采取措施来阻止疾病的蔓延。（doubt）Thereisnodoubtthatthegovernmentwilltakemeasurestopreventthediseaseformspreading.6.会议是否会如期举行还没有被最后决定。（decide）Whetherthemeetingwillbeheldasplannedhasn"tbeendecidedyet.7.她迟到的原因是要照顾她生病的妹妹。（takecareof）Thereasonwhyshewaslatewasthatshehadtotakecareofhersicksister.8.中国参加了世贸组织不仅诗歌巨大的挑战，而且是个很好的机遇。（notonly…butalso）ThatChinajoinedWTOisnotonlyagreatchallengebutalsoagoodopportunity.9.据报道，到目前为止，已经有91个孩子在洪水中失去了生命。（It）Itisreportedthatsofar91childrenhavediedintheflood.10.人类不得不接受这样一个事实，：由于温室效应，全球气候正在变暖。（becauseof）Humanbeingshavetoacceptthefactthatbecauseofthegreenhouseeffect,theclimateovertheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.