初一英语语法名词复数和名词所有格 89页

初一英语语法名词复数和名词所有格★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/清华大学英语教授研究组提供初一英语语法—名词语法讲解题　　专有名词与普通名词　　名词按其意义可分为专有名词(propernoun)和普通名词(commonnoun)。　　普通名词又可分为类名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。　　1.专有名词：是个别人、地以及专门机构或团体的名称。　　如：NewYork纽约Clinton克林顿　　2.类名词：是一类人或物的个体的名称。　　如：piano钢琴，doctor医生，ship舰船　　3. 集体名词：是一些人或物的总称，作主语时可用复形谓语动词。　　如：family家庭，army军队class班级　　4.物质名词：是无法分为个体的实物。　　如：sugar糖，tea茶，air空气　　5.抽象名词：是动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名称。　　如：work工作，honesty诚实，courage勇气　　注：名词按其可数性分为可数名词(countablenouns)和不可数名词(uncountablenouns)。类名词皆可数，集体名词大都可数，专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词多不可数。　　名词的复数形式　　1.规则变化：　　1)一般加-s　　如：map------maps地图field------fields田地　　2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-es如：class---classes班，box---boxes盒子dish---dishes盘子，match---matches比赛　3)以f或fe结尾的名词,变为-ves　　如：leaf---leaves叶thief---thieves贼 (注：下列词例外：roofs屋顶，gulfs海湾,belief信仰，信条)　　4)以辅音字母y结尾，变y为i，再加-es（aeiou元音字母）　　如：party---parties党factory---factories工厂(注：元音字母y结尾直接加-s：boys男孩rays光线)　　5)以辅音字母o结尾，一般加-es　　如：potato---potatoes马铃薯hero---heroes英雄(注：某些外来词以及以元音字母o结尾的名词，直接加-s:pianos钢琴，photos照片，kilos公斤;radios收音机　　2.不规则变化　　1)变内部元音。　　如：foot---feet脚man---men男人tooth-teeth牙齿mouse---mice老鼠　　2)词尾加-en　　如：child---children小孩ox---oxen公牛3)形式不变(即单复数一致)　　如：deer----deer鹿fish---fish鱼sheep---sheep羊people_peopleChinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanese 　　复合名词的复数形式　　由一个简单名词加一个或一个以上的词构成的名词叫复合名词(compoundnoun)。复合名词变复数时，有以下三种情况：　　1.把最后一个构成部分变为复数形式，　　如：housewife→housewives家庭主妇film-goer→film-goers爱看电影的人gentleman→gentlemen先生schoolroom→schoolrooms教室　　2.将主要成分变为复数形式，　　如：looker-on→lookers-on旁观者sister-in-law→sisters-in-law嫂子;弟媳passer-by→passers-by过路人bride-to-be→brides-to-be即将做新娘的人　　3.将两个组成部分皆变为复数，这种复合名词第一个名词必须是man或woman,　　如：mandoctor→mendoctors男医生womanteacher→womenteachers女教师mancook→mencooks男厨师womansinger→womensingers女歌手l名词所有格l名词所有格的用法所有格`s或s` 形式主要用于人或一些动物的名称，表示"所有"或修饰的关系。n如：John`sfather约翰的父亲，spiders`web蜘蛛网l名词所有格的构成n一般直接加"`"，n如：thischild`sbook这个小孩的书,children`sbooks儿童书籍n加了-s或-es的复数名词后，只加"`"，n如，girls`skirts女孩子们的裙，thesoldiers`horses士兵们的马n以s结尾的单数名词或人名，可用以上两种写法的所有格，n如：theactress`son或theactress`sson女演员的儿子James`sworks或James`works詹姆斯的作品l事物的所有格n事物的的所有格常用of表示，n如，theshadeofatree树阴,thetop/bottom/side/inside/outsideofabox.箱的顶部/底部/里面/外面(注：一些复合名词不需of, 如：atableleg桌腿,thewatersupply水的供应，ateacup茶杯)l部分无生命词用`s或s`表示所有格无生命的东西在下列情况可用`s或s`所有格：l表示时间，如：today`snewspaper今天的报纸,twodays`work两天的工作l表示度量衡及价值amile`sdistance一英里的距离，tendollars`value10美元的价值l表示自然现象themoon`srays月光theearth`satmosphere地球的大气层l表示国家城市等实体，如：thecity`sparks城市的公园，thecountry`staxsystem国家l双重所有格of-`s结构叫双重所有格(doublegenitive),n如：afriendofmymother`s我父亲的一个朋友,aplayofShakespeare`s莎士比亚的戏剧.u名词的语法功能名词在句子中可以用作：l主语nTheboyopenedthedoor.那个男孩把门打开了。l宾语分为动宾和介宾两种： nIsawtheboy.我看到那个男孩。(boy作动词saw的宾语)Givethemoneytoyourbrother.把这些钱给你兄弟。(brother作介词to的宾语)l表语Heisacleverboy.他是个聪明的孩子。l宾语补足语Theycalledhimafool.他们叫他傻瓜。l定语Isitacolourfilm?是彩色影片吗?l同位语ThisismyfriendJohn.l主语补足语Heisconsideredagoodofficer.他被认为是个好官员。l名词的练习u【练习题】l写出下列名词的复数：ntooth牙齿),goose(鹅),table(桌子),mandriver(男司机)，potato(土豆)piano(钢琴),sheep(羊),mouse(鼠),loaf(面包),glass(玻璃杯)l找出下列句子中的错误并改正：nThisisapairoftrouser.这是一条裤子。nHegavemesomeadvices.他给了我一些忠告。nShewenttothelibrarywithtwoladies friends.她和两位女伴一起去图书馆。nThepoliceislookingforhim.警察在找他。u参考答案：n1.teeth,geese,tables,mendrivers,potatoes,pianos,sheep,mice,loaves,glasses.2.1)trouser不对。trousers总是复数2)advises不对。advice是一个不可数名词，不能加-s.3)应是ladyfriends.lady和woman不同，它的复合名词变复数时，只变它后面的名词。4)police总是复数，因此要把is改为are.人教版七年级英语下册第一单元学案Unit1Where’syourpenpalfrom?SectionATeacher’swords:Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Languageaims:知识目标：1.Words:Canada,France,Japan,theUnitedStates,Australia,Singapore,theUnitedKingdom,Sydney,NewYork,Pairs,Toronto,Tokyo,French,Japanese,pal,country,live,language,world,like,dislike. 2.Phrases:talkabout,befrom/comefrom,penpal,speakEnglish,alittle与little的区别，myfavoritesubject,tellsb.aboutsth,likedoingsth.3.Importantsentences:1)---Where’syourpenpalfrom?2)---Wheredoeshelive?3)---Whatlanguagedoeshespeak?4)----What’syourfavoritesubject?能力目标：学会谈论人们的国籍、居住城市及所说语言。情感目标:了解世界，了解不同地区的人文风俗，学会理解和尊重异国文化。教学重难点：1.国家及城市名称。2.comefrom的用法。教学过程：Ⅰ、预习检测：1.来自______________2.笔友______________3.做运动______________4.讲英语______________5.给某人写信______________6.住在______________7.一点法语______________8.太难______________9.去看电影______________10.喜欢做某事______________Ⅱ、情景导入：1.ToshowaphotoofSydneyandtalkaboutit.2.Toaskthestudentssomequestions.Ⅲ、自主探究： 1.Thestudentsopenthebooks,turntoPage81andreadthefirstletter.Afterthat,thestudentsanswerthreesimplequestions.2.Thestudentsreadafterthetapeandgoonansweringsomemorequestions.Ⅳ、合作交流：1.Thestudentsreadthelettersthattheteachergivesthemandthenchooseonepenpaltheylike.2.Doareport.Mypartner’snameis__________.Hisnewpenpal’snameis__________.Heis_______yearsold.Heisfrom__________.Helivesin___________.Atschool,helikes______________.Hisfavorite___________is__________________.Ithinkhecanbemypartner’spenpal.Doyouthinkso?Ⅴ、拓展创新：Groupwork1.Discussion:Inyourgroup,doyoulikeyourpenpals?Wholikes?Why?(Tellsomereasons)2.Report.Inourgroup,________ofuslikehispenpal.Becausehispenpal…Ⅵ、典型例题解析。1.Marry,pleaseshow------yourpicture.(2008),A.myB.mineC.ID.me 解题：show后面应该加宾格形式，故应该选择D2.Thisisn’t-----pencilcase,Ileftmineathome.(2008)A.myB.meC.ID.myself解题：形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故应该选AⅦ、达标测试：一、首字母填空1.She l_______   in Bei Hai.2.What l _______does Maria speak?3.Where are your friend f_______?4.King’s f_______movie is the Long Weekend.5.China is a great c_______ .6.Mr. Brown is from A_______.7.Can he speak J_______ ?8.Rush Hour is an action m _______  .9.It is an i_______  story.10.J_______   is the seventh month in the year.二、单选(    )1._______  do you come from?     A. When  B. How  C. Where   D. Why(    )2.Sam likes_______  his friends.A. to play   B. plays   C. play with   D. playing with(    )3.She lives_______ Sydney.A. at   B. on   C. in   D. behind(    )4.Where_______   she ? ---In Australia. A. do; live    B. does; lives   C. do; lives   D. does; live(    )5.Do you want_______  French?A.tolearnBlearns.C.learningD.learn三、完形填空：阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案，并将其标号填入括号内。LiMeihasanewclassmatefromNewYork.His1_______isPeter.Everythinghere2_______newtohim.Hedoesn’tspeakChinese,buthespeaksgoodEnglish.Hecan3_______manygames,too.MissYangaskedLiMeito4_______himtospeakChinese.LiMeiwasvery5_______.Shethoughtshecould6_______EnglishfromPeter.Nowshecanspeak7_______EnglishandPetercan8_______someChinesewords.Nowtheyare9_______attableandhaving10_______atschool.LiMeiteacheshimhowtousechopsticks.()1. A. friend    B. classmateC. nameD. teacher()2. A. amB. is    C. areD. be()3. A. playB. haveC. likeD. send()4. A. seeB. watch    C. helpD. tell()5. A. sorryB. careful    C. sadD. happy()6. A. getB. borrowC. learnD. teach()7. A. anyB. someC. manyD. no（)8. A. tellB. writeC. sayD. read()9. A. sitting    B. standingC. workingD. talking()10. A. a meetingB. a party    C. lunchD. teaVIII、课后反思： 中考链接1.1）I’ll（写）anE-mailtomycousininCanada.2)Theyboughtahouse(有)abiggarden.2.--，Canyoupassthedictionarytome,please?--Certainly.A.I’msorry.B.Pardon.C.Thankyou.D.Excuseme3.TomtoldmehisparentshadarrivedBeijing.A.atB.onC.inD.to Unit1Where’syourpenpalfrom?SectionBTeacher’swords:AllroadsleadtoRome.Languageaims:知识目标：1.Words:Japanese,French,country,Toronto,Canada,theUnitedKingdom,Australia,world,penpal,any,dislike,from,country,people,language2.Phrases:be...from=comfrom，livein...，livehere/there  3.Importantsentences:⑴--Isthatfromyournewpenpal?--Yes,itis.⑵IliveinToronto,Canada,andIwantapenpalinChina. ⑶IthinkChinaisaveryinterestingcountry.⑷－Wheredoeshelive?　　－HelivesinMexicoCity.能力目标：学会如何询问他人来自哪里和如何回答别人的提问。情感目标：学会与他人友好相处学习重难点1、学习重点：学会写信的格式以及通过写信交笔友。2、学习难点：Whatdoesshewant？学习过程：1.      预习导学及自测⑴听录音记忆单词。⑵小组互相检查读写情况。⑶写出下列单词并展示。笔友 国家名/国家人/语言/首都，省会/城市（纽约、东京、多伦多、悉尼、巴黎、伦敦）来自...；...国人；居住/住在.../住在这儿（那儿）说话；演讲（说话能力，+语言名词）(中国、加拿大、日本、澳大利亚、英国、美国、新加坡、法国、韩国、墨西哥、西班牙)⑷在小组内核对答案。⑸完成1将单词与图画匹配2、情景导入⑴Greettheclassasusualandcheckthehomework.⑵ThestudentsreadthenewwordsofUnit1together.⑶Checksomewordsofthisunit1. 3、自主探究Students’activitiesReadarticlesanddialoguesaboutunit1.Teacherprovidesguidedoralpracticeusingthetargretlanguage。Studentreadsthedialoguesintheclass.Twostudentsreadthedialoguestotheclass,Mastersomegrammerpoints.4、合作交流Talkaboutcountries,nationalitiesandlanguages.Askandtellwherepeoplelivebythemselves.Makestatementsaboutyourcountryoforiginandlanguagesyouspeak.Forexample：IcomefromJapan.IspeakJanpanese。B:Teacher’shelp1).Revisesomelanguagepoints.vAskstudentstoworkinpairs.Aftertheyhavepracticeforafewmintues,Askvariouspairstopresentimportancestotheclass.2).Sentences— Whereisyourpenpalfrom?—SheisfromMexico.—Wheredoesshelive?—ShelivesinMexicoCity.—Whatlanguagedoesshespeak?—ShespeaksEnglishandSpanish.5、拓展创新①PleasewriteawordineachblankandyoucanfindinformationtocompletetheletterontheIDcards. ②Askastudenttoreadtheletteraloudwithalltheanswersinplace.③Askstudentstouse3basanexample.Writeane-mailaboutthemselves.④Askseveralstudentstoreadtheirletterstotheclass.6、达标检测一、英汉词组互译（10分）：1.来自______________6.theUnitedKingdom___________2.说法语__________7.theUnitedStates____________3.他最喜欢的科目_________8.tellmeaboutyourself_________4.一点儿日语____________9.inAustralia______________5.在周末__________________10.NewYork__________________二、选择填空（20分）：()1.--_____isthispencilcase_____?--It’sfromtheUSA.A.  What,fromB.Whatcolor,/C.Where,fromD.Where,/()2.--WhereareEmma’sparentsfrom?--_____fromJapan.A.It’sB.These’reC.She’sD.They’re()3.—Whatlanguagedoesyournewpenpalspeak?---_____.A.FranceB.MexicoC.SpanishD.Korea()4.—Wheredoesshe_____?--ShelivesinBeijing.A.fromB.live,inC.livesD.live ()5.Mynewpenpal_____CanadaandspeaksEnglish.A. come       fromBisfromC.liveD.livein()6.—Isthatyournewfriend?--_____.A. Yes,sheis.B.No,heisn’tC.Yes,itisD.No,thatisn’t()7.Doesshehave_____brothers_____sisters?A. some,andB.any,andC.some,orD.ANY,OR()8.Shelikes______tothemoviesand______basketball.A.  gotoplayB.going,playingC.togo,playingD.going,toplay()9.Doyou_______Australia?A.speakB.fromC.liveD.comefrom()10.Londonisthecapitalof___.A.theUnitedStatesB.theUnitedKingdomC.AustraliaD.Japan()11.ThepeopleinAmericaspeak______.A.EnglishB.French.C.ChineseD.America()12.He_______Frenchverywell,sohe______itinFrench.A.speaks,saysB.speaks,speaksC.says,speaksD.say,say()13.“Thisismynewpenpal,”She______.A.tellsB.saysC.speaksD.talks()14.Thereis_____coffeeinthebottle,isthere?A..alittleB.fewC.littleD.afew()15.Canyou_____itinFrench? A.speakB.sayC.talkD.tell三、句型转换（10分）：1.Whereisyourpenpalfrom?=Where___yourpenpal_______from?2.Wheredoeshelive?=___________doeshelive_____?3.What’sherfavoritesubject?=Whatsubject__________like____?4.TheyspeakEnglish.（就划线部分提问）________________dotheyspeak?7.中考链接1.“DoesWangLi____Englishwell?”“Sure.ShestudieditfortwoyearsinAmerica.”(莱芜市)A.speakB.talkC.sayD.tell2.Pleasetellme______.Ihavesomegoodnewsforhim.(2008重庆)A.whereRobertlivesB.WheredoesRobetliveC.whereRobertlivedD.wheredidRobertlive8.Conclusion总结本节课知识点，让学生举手示意自己不理解或者不明白的地方。9.Homework根据课本SectionB—3b部分，writeane-mailaboutyourself.10.课后反思： ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 答案Unit1SectionAⅠ、自主学习：1.come/befrom2.penpal3.dosports4.speakEnglish5.writetosb6.livein7.alittleFrench8.toodifficult9.gotoamovie10.likedoingsth.Ⅵ、达标测试：一、首字母填空1.lives2.language3.from4.favorite5.country6.America7.Japanese8.movie9.interesting10.July二、单选1—5.CDCDA三、完形填空1—5.CBACD6—10.CBBACUnit1SectionB一、英汉词组互译1.comefrom2.speakFrench3.hisfavoritesubiect4.alittleJapanese5.onweekend6.英国7.美国8.谈论自己9.在澳大利亚10.纽约二、选择填空： 1-5CDCDB6-10CBBDB11-15AABAB三、句型转换：1.does,come2.Whichcity,in3.does,she,best4.Whatlanguage中考链接：AA家庭作业：Dearfriend,MynameisPaulJackson.Paulismyfirstname.Jacksomismylastname.I’m13yearsold.I’mfromChina.IspeakChinese.Myfavoritesportisbasketball.Ilikeplayingbasketballatschool.It’sfun.MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.MyEnglishteacherisverygood.Myfamilyisverybig.Ilovethemverymuch.Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourself. Unit2Where"sthepostoffice?一一．认定目标1.知识与技能词：（1）重点单词post,office,library,restaurant,bank,supermarket,street,pay,park,center,bridge，mail,there,near,across,next,between,front,behind......（2）重点短语:postoffice,payphone,acrossfrom,nextto,infrontof （1）重点句型：----Isthereasupermarket?-----Yes,thereis./No,thereisn"t.2.情感态度与学习策略在一系列的听书读写活动中，通过自主学习，合作学习等学习策略，训练学生的逻辑思维，快速反应能力和实践能力，是学生熟练运用：Whereisthepostoffice?句型及其回答。二．预习检测1.将下列句子和短语翻译成汉语。1.intheneighborhood_________________________2.turnleft_________________________3.gostraight_________________________4.ontheright_________________________5.Excuseme._________________________6.You’rewelcome______________________三．共同探究1.学生读1a部分内容，把地点名词与图画一一对应，完成1a中的学习任务，生生互相改正.2.听录音完成1b.3.小组合作练习1c中的对话4.熟练掌握并运用下列方位介词,然后完成2a,2b.方位介词：acrossfrom,between...and...,infront of,on,behind,nextto1.交际，创造问路情景并练习2c中的对话四．归纳总结1.如何问路和指路.2.Therebe句型的用法：（1）“Therebe+n.+地点状语或时间状语”表示“在某地或某时有某人或某物”（2）Therebe句型的一般疑问句是把be动词提到句首。（3）Therebe的否定句是在be动词后加not.五．拓展提高I．根据所给字母完成下列单词。1.p____t2.n____r3.__ff__c__4.p____k5.str____ght6.bri____e7.ph__n__8.b__h__nd9.b____k10.str____t11.s__p____m____ket12.__v__n____13.m____l14.p____II中英文词汇配对。()1.postofficeA.图书馆()2.payphoneB.中心街()3.restaurantC.超市()4.BridgeStreetD.邮局 ()5.supermarketE.银行()6.libraryF.第五大道()7.CenterStreetG.餐馆()8.bankH.公园()9.FifthAvenueI.公用电话()10.parkJ.大桥街Unit2Where"sthepostoffice?二一．认定目标1.知识与技能词：（1）单词与短语：neighborhood,just,straight,turn,left,down,right,ontheright（2）重点句型：Gostraightandturnleft.It"sdownBridgeStreetontheright.It"snexttoasupermarket.2.情感态度与学习策略在理解课文的基础上，同学们互换有关生活、学习等区域的信息，进行实际交流，提高语言的运用能力。二．预习检测 （1）根据音标试读单词表中的单词（2）单词检测，依照汉语意思，写出下列单词及短语（1）。中心街道_______________________(2).邮局________________________1..投币式公用电话____________________(4).在...对面________________________(5).在....前面_______________________(6)在....之后_______________________（7）在.....附近_______________________(8).紧靠...._____________________三．共同探究1.阅读3a并找出方位介词。2.大声朗读然后小组间练习对话。3.再次朗读对话并找出Paul和Nancy在图画中的位置，看谁找的又快又准。4.根据3a完成3b5.小组活动完成4中的游戏。四．归纳总结五．巩固记忆本节重点词汇六．怎样问路和指路说说并写出相关句子五．拓展提高1．翻译下列短语。1.betweenthebankandthe park________________________2.onGreenStreet________________________3.nexttothesupermarket________________________4.acrossfromMingshanHotel________________________5.neartherestaurant________________________2．.用方框中的介词或介词短语填空。acrossfrom,behind,between,infrontof,nextto,near,on1.A:Isthereapayphone__________here?B:Yes,thereisapayphone__________CenterStreet.2.A:Where’sXinghuaPark?B:It’s__________HongqiSupermarketandTheBankofChina.3.Therestaurantis____________________thepostoffice.4.Thelibraryis____________________thepayphone.5.ForestHotelis____________________ofthepark.6.Thepayphoneis__________thesmallsupermarket. 3.看地图，完成对话。ThePeople’sParkHotelFirstAvenueBankSuper-marketLibraryRestaurantPostoffice四．A:WhereisthePeople’sPark?B:__________________________________________________.五．A:Whereisthelibrary?B:__________________________________________________.六．A:Whereisthebank?B:__________________________________________________.七．A:__________________________________________________?B:It’sbetweenthelibraryandthepostoffice.八．A:__________________________________________________?B:It’sacrossfromthepostoffice.4.填空。A:____________________.Whereisthepark? B:It’s__________here__________theneighborhood.Just____________________and__________right.It’s__________NewStreet___________________right.It’s__________toahotel.A:Thankyouverymuch.B:You’re__________.Unit2Where"sthepostoffice?单元复习（二）（1）英汉互译1.在图书馆对面_____________________2.紧挨着银行____________________3.在超市和邮局之间____________________4.在投币式电话附近____________________5.在第五大街上____________________6.Acrossfromthepostoffice____________________7.Nexttothepark____________________8.Betweenthebankandthelibrary_____________________9.Inthelibrary____________________10.haveagoodtrip____________________二、根据句意和首字母补全单词1.---Doyoue________yourwork?---Yes,Ilikeitvery much.2.Thereisabigparkinthen____________.Youcanplayinit.3.Hisgrandparents’houseisa________fromthebank.4.Yourshoesareclean,butmyshoesared_________.5.Isthereabookshopn________tothepark?6.Gos_________andturnleftonFifthAvenue.7.I’mveryh__________.Iwanttoeatsomefood.8.Therearemanybooksintheschooll________.9.Thereisalibraryb________thepostofficeandthesupermarket.三、选择介词填空。at,with,from,on,in,between,near,nextto,through,across,about1.IlikeChinesefood,what________you?2.---Whereisthepostoffice?--It’s________FifthStreet.3.---Isthereahotel________here?---Yes,it’snotfarfromhere.4.Iplayvolleyball________myfriendsafterschool.5.Thepayphoneis________thepostofficeandthelibrary. 6.---Where’sthelibrary?---It’s________thebank.7.Lisais________theUnitedStates.8.Pleaselook________yourbook.9.Takeawalk________thepark.10.Anoldhotelis________fromthepark.四、单项选择。1.Thereisahouse____agardennexttothepark.A:inB:onC:withD:about2.Walkalongthestreet,thenyoucanseeabank____yourright.A:inB:onC:fromD:at3.Ioftentakeawalk____theparkinSecondAvenue.A:acrossB:throughC:passD:cross4.Thereisabigdeskbetween____and____.A:he,IB:he,meC:him,ID:him,me5.There____abankintheneighborhood.A:haveB:hasC:isD:are6.Thepayphoneis____GreenStreetandit’sacross____thehotel.A:in,toB:on,fromC:at,throughD:in,through7.Herparentsoften____afterdinner.A:takeawalkB:takesawalkC:taketowalkD: takewalking8.---Isthereahotelnearhere?---Yes,____A:itisB:thereisC:itisn’tD:thereisn’t9.Gostraightandturn____.Youcanseetheschool.A:toleftB:theleftC:fortheleftD:left10.Weenjoytheparty.We___attheparty.A:hasafunB:hasfunC:haveafunD:havefun（1）There____adeskandtwobedsintheroom.A:areB:isC:hasD:have12.Canyoutellmetheway____thepark?A:atB:toC:ofD:for13.Youcan____somemusichere.A:listenB:seeC:enjoyD:look14.Thehotelis____themarketandthebank.A:bothB:inC:nexttoD:between四．Myhouseis____thegarden.A:acrossinB:crossfromC:acrossfromD:acrossat五、句型转换56.Excuseme.Canyoutellmethewaytotheairport?(改为同义句)Excuseme.________________theairport? 57.Thereisavideoshopnearhere.(改为一般疑问句，并做否定回答)________________avideoshopnearhere?________,________________.58.Thereisabookstorenearhere.(改为否定句)There________abookstorenearhere.59.ThebankisonGreenStreet.(对划线提问)_______________thebank?60.Walkthroughthestreetandyoucanfindit.(改为同义句)________________walkthroughthestreetandyoucanfindit.61.Shelikesbananas.(一般疑问句)________she________bananas?62.Thebridgeisacrossfromthehotel.(对划线提问)　_______________thebridge?63.Therearesomebooksonthedesk.(否定句)　There________booksonthedesk.64.CanJimplaytheguitar?(作否定回答)________,he________.65.IsitonJack’srightandonJohn’sleft.(同义句)Isit________Jack_______John.六，书面表达 昨天晚上我和妈妈出去散步，在路上我们遇见了一个外国人。他向我询问如何去温泉饭店。我告诉他沿路往前走，在第三个转弯处左转就能看见饭店。他非常感谢我，我也为能帮助他而高兴。提示词语：gooutforawalk,ontheroad,thewayto,walkalong,ontheleft,thanksfor,behappythat七年级英语（下）第五单元测试班级座号姓名得分一.写出下列词的适当形式。Forexample:look-looking（10%）1.clean_______2.work_______3.watch_______4go_______5.play________6study_______7.take_______8.have__9.dance_______10.get_______11.run_______12.swim_______13.sit______14.shop______15.stop________16.photo(复数)17.heis(缩略形式)18.teach(第三人称单数形式)__19等待20打电话二．单项选择。（15%）()1.Sheis___asweatertoday.A.puttingonB. putsonC.wearingD.wears　　()2.I___togohomenow.　　A.wantB.wantsC.towantD.amwanting　　()3.Theboyisn’t___theteacher.A.listenB.listeningC.listenningtoD.listeningto　　()4.Listen!She___intheclassroom.　A.singB.singsC.singingD.issinging　　()5.Myparentsoften___TVintheevening.A.watchB.seeC.lookD.lookat　　()6.There___someteainthecup.　A.areB.isC.isn’tD.aren’t　　()7.Whereismybag?Ican’t___it.　A.watchB.lookC.findD.want　()8.----Where’sJennifer?-----HebooksinthelibraryA.readsB.isreadingC.readingforD.readding　　()9.I’mwriting___myfriend.　　A.toB.forC.atD.on　　()10.We’retalking___thefinalexam.　　A.withB.toC.aboutD.of()11――doyouwanttogotoamovie?-----Let’s goat6:oo.A.WhereB.WhenC.WhyD.How　　()12.Let___help___.　A.they,youB.us,hisC.me,themD.we,you()13.Thankyouforyourhelp.___.　A.Nothanks.B.You’rewelcome.　　C.That’srightD.Allright　　()14.Myfather___young.　　A.islookingB.lookC.looksD.looking()15.---IsBobdoinghomework?-----No,he.HeisdinnersA.doesn’t,eatB.isn’t,eatsC.isn’t,eattingD.isn’t,eating三．用所给词的适当形式填空。(9%)　　1.Whatareyoudoingnow?I___________(clean)thewindows.　　2.Areyou__________(make)acake?Yes,we________.(be)　　3.OK.Iam________(come)now.　　4.MissLiwants_________(eat)somericeandtwoeggs.　　5.Lookatthepicture.Thechildren__________(fly) kites.6.Thetwins_________(notspeak)French.7.Let’s_____(swim)together.8._____they_____(play)soccernow?四、（A）句型转换(12%)1．Theydotheirhomeworkeveryday.（改为否定句）_____________________________2．Tomislookingatapicture.（改为一般疑问句，并做出肯定回答）_________________3．WereadEnglishinthemorning.（改为一般疑问句，并做出否定回答）________________________________4．Thegirlsareplayingontheplayground.（就划线部分提问）___________________________________5．Theyarecleaningtheirclassroom.（对划线部分提问）6Tomdoeshomeworkeveryday.(用now替换画线部分)Tom_______________homework_________.（B）根据汉语意思完成下列句子（7分） 1.这个电视节目很无聊，让我们去做运动吧。ThisTVshow____________，____________sports.3.这是玛丽的一张家庭照片。Here______________of______________.4.那听起来很不错。That______________.5.你正在和谁谈话？Who_______you______________?五完成对话。(8%）Marie:Hello!MayIspeaktoKaren?Karen:Hello!ThisisKaren.Howareyou,Marie?Marie:I’mfine.What______（do）?Karen:Nothingmuch.I______（study）math.Whataboutyou?Marie:I_______（clean）myroom.Karen:Hey,doyouwantto______（go）tothemovies?Marie:That_______（sound）boring.Karen:IjustcallLucy.She________（swim）.Doyoulike_______（swim）?Marie:Sure.Wecanswimintheschool’sswimmingpool.Whendoyouwanttogo?Karen:Let’s_______（go）totheswimmingpoolnow.Marie:Great! 六．综合填空(10%)根据文章的需要把下列单词填入文章，使句子通顺。注意大小写（On，where，at，are，chess，sitting，wants，what，playing，dancing）It’safinSaturdaymorning.There1manychildren.Theyare2happily.Someareplaying3underabigtree.Somegirlsaresingingand4.someboysarerunning5thehill(小山).Lileiis6bythelake(在湖边).He’sreadingastory.7isWangLin?he’sstandingoverthere.8Ishedoing?he’slooking9anicebutterfly(蝴蝶).he10tocatchit.________　_____________________________________________　_____________________________________七.阅读理解A（5%）Maryisaverylittlegirl.Sheisonlythreeyearsold.Shecan"treadandshecan"twrite,butshelikesdrawingverymuch.Oneday,hersister,Jeanseesheratthedesk.ShethinksMaryisdrawing.Shecomestoher,butshefindsMaryisn"tdrawing.Sheiswritingonthepaper.“Whatareyoudong,Mary?”Jeanasksher.“I"mwritingtoAnn.”Sheanswers. “Butyoudon"tknowhowtowrite,howcanyouwritetoher?”“Oh,itdoesn"tmatter(没关系).Anncan"treadandwrite,either(也)”根据短文内容选择正确答案。(10%)()1.MaryandJeanare_____.A.brothersB.sistersC.friendsD.students()2.Marycan’treadandwritebecause_____.A.sheistoooldB.sheistooyoungC.sheisatschoolD.shecan’tgotoschool()3.maryiswritinga_____toAnn.A.story(故事)B.bookC.letterD.note()4.who’sAnn?Sheis____.A.Mary"ssisterB.Jean’ssisterC.Mary"sfriendD.Jean’sfriend()5.CanMarywritealetter?A.Yes,shecan.B.No,shecan’t.C.No,butshecanreadaletter.D.Yes,shecanreadandwritealetter.B(5%)WecalltheChineseNewYeartheSpringFestival.ThereisanameforeachChineseyear.Wemaycallitthe yearofthesheep,theyearofthemonkeyortheyearofthepig.Andthisyearistheyearofthetiger.BeforeNewYear’sDay,peoplearebusyshoppingandcleaningtheirhouses.OnNewYear’sEve,thereisabigfamilydinner.Afterdinnerallthefamilystayup(熬夜)latetowelcometheNewYear.OnthefirstdayoftheNewYear,peopleputontheirnewclothesandgotovisittheirfriends.Theysay“Goodluck”andsomeothergreetings(问候)toeachother.Peopleusuallyhaveaverygoodtimeduringthefestival.()1.HowmanyChinesefestivalsaretalkedaboutinthispassage?　　A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four()2.WecanfindeveryChineseyearisgiven_____name.　　A.ananimalB.aplantC.afamilyD.afull()3.HowdoChinesepeopleusuallyspendNewYear’sEve?　　A.Theyputonnewclothesandgotothepark.　　B.Theyvisittheirfriendsandtalkaboutthenewyear.　　C.Theyarebusyshoppingandcleaningtheirhouses.　　D.Theyhaveabigdinnerandstayuplateto welcomethenewyear.()4.OnNewYear’sDay,peoplesay“_____”toeachotherwhentheymeet.　　A.MerryChristmasB.Goodluck　C.HappyNewYearD.BothBandC()5.Thebesttitle(标题)forthispassageis_____.　　A.GoodtimeB.TheSpringFestival　　C.BigDinnerD.TheYearoftheTigerC任务型阅读（8分）Tom"swedding(婚礼)day.Todayisaveryspecialday.It"smyweddingday，andallmyfamilyandfriendsarehere.Everybodyishavingawonderfultime.MywifeJaneisstandinginfrontofthefireplace.She"swearingabeautifulwhiteweddinggown.UncleHarryistakingherphotograph，andAuntEmmaiscrying.Thebandisplayingmyfavoritepopularmusic.MymotherisdancingwithJane"sfather，andJane"smotherisdancingwithmyfather.MysisterandJane"sbrotherarestandingintheyard，eatingweddingcakesandtalkingaboutpolitics.Ourgrandparentsaresittinginthecorner，drinkingchampagne（香槟）andtalkingabout“thegoodolddays”. 1.WhereisJanestanding？2.What"sJanewearing？3.What"sUncleHarrydoing？4.What"sAuntEmmadoing？七．书面表达(10%)(60-80words)今天是周六，七中学生的课余活动丰富多彩。请你做一场学生活动的现场报道。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1MyDesk-mateJennyismydesk-mate.Sheisahard-workinggirl.Whenshewastwelveyearsold,shewonthefirstinacity-widepoetryrecitationcontest.NowsheischairmanoftheStudentUnioninourschool.Shegivesustheimpressionthatherabilitytoexpressherideasisexcellent.Insparetime,shelikestocarryabook.withherandwritesdownwhatsheseesandhears.She"ssuchalovelygirlthatIenjoytalkingwithhertoshareherideas.2关于全运会志愿者的英语作文:初中水平IwasquiteexcitedwhenIheardthe11thNationalGameswillbeheldinthecityIlivein2009.MynameisXX.Iaman18-year-oldboystudentinaseniormiddleschool.AndIwanttobeavolunteerforthegames.IlikeEnglishandsportsverymuch.IlikemakingfriendsandIamreadytohelpothers.Icanbeagoodinterpreterineverysportsduringthetime.HopetheNationalgameswillbeagreatsuccess.HopeIwillbechosentobeone.Thanks.中考英语作文范文：1.Howtomakefriends 　　It’shardtomakefriendsifyoustayaloneallthetime.It’seasiertomakefriendswhenyouhavesimilarinterests.　　Don’rbeafraidtoshowpeoplewhatyouarereallygoodat.Talkaboutthethingsyoulikeanddobest.　　Lookatpeopleintheeyeswhenyoutalktothem.　　Beagoodlistner.Letpeopletalkaboutthemselvesbeforetalkingaboutyourself.　　Befriendlytoalotofpeople.Trytohelpyourfriendswhentheyareintroublebecauseafriendinneedisafriendindeed.Thatwayyou’llhaveabiggergrouptochoosefromandhavemorechancestomakefriends.　　中考英语作文范文：2.Myviewontelevision　　Televisionhascomeintoourlifeformanyyears.　　Wecan’tlivehappilywithouttelevision.Jtcangiveusthelatestinformationandnews.Itcan openupoureyesandenlargeourknowledge.Wecangethappinessfromtheplaysontelevision.We’llbeboringalldayifthereisnotelevision.Televisionprogramsareattractive.Afterawholeday’shardworlkwecansitbeforethetelevisionanddrinkacupoftea.Howwonderfulitis!　　Televisionisalsobadforpeople’shealth.It’sbadforyoutowatchTVtoolong,especiallybadforyoureyes.　　ItistruethatwatchingTVcaninfluenceourbehavior.However,itdependsonwhatwedo.www.rr365.com　　中考英语作文范文：3.Myviewonschooluniform　　Atourschool,wehavetowearuniformseveryday.Theproblemisthatallmyclassmatesthinktheuniformsareugly.Wethinkyoungpeopleshouldlooksmartandsowewouldliketowearourownclothes.Ourteachersbelievethatifwedidthat.Wewouldconcentratemoreonourclothesthanourstudies.Wedisagree.Weshouldfeelmorecomfortableandthateisgoodforstudying.Ifwecan’tdothat,weshould beallowedtodesignourownuniforms.Wealsothinkeveryoneshouldbedifferentfromothers.Thatwouldbeagoodwaytokeepbothteachersandstudentshappy.　　中考英语作文范文：4.Myopinionsonvolunteering　　Wearemiddleschoolstudentsandwearebusywithourlessons.Sosomepeoplethinkweshouldconcentratemoreonourstudies.Ifwevolunteertohelpothers,it’sawasteoftime.ButIthinkvolunteeringisgreat.InotonlyfeelgoodabouthelpingothersbutalsogettospendtimedoingwhatIlovetodo.AndfromvolunteeringIhavelearnedmanythingsthatIhaveneverlearnedinclass.SoifIhaveanoppoutunity,I’dliketovisitoldpeople’shometocleanupforthem.I’dalsoliketohelpsickkidsinhospital.IlovekidsandIplantoputmylovetogoodusebyworkinginhospital.Inaword,I’dliketohelppeoplewhoneedhelp.Ifeveryonehelpsoutabit,theworldwillbemorecolorful.　　中考英语作文范文：5.Smallkinds 　　Humanbeingsareadvancedanimalsintheworld.Someanimalsareverykind.Forexample,ifyouarekindtoadog,itwillshake.Itwilltailtoyou.Soifyouarekindtoothers,theywillalsobekindtoyou.　　Youhavelotsofchancestogiveyoursmallkindnessifyouseeadisabledpersonworkinginthestreet.Youcanhelphimtocrossthestreet.Ifyoumeetastranger,youcanshowhimtheway.Ifheorsheasksyouquestions,youshouldbekindtoanswerthem.Thatisyougivesmallkindnesstoothers.Maybeitseemstoyouapieceofcake,butitisveryimportanttopeopleinneed.Ifyoudothis,theotherswilldoittoyou.　　Bekindtoothers,andtheywillbekindtoyou.　　中考英语作文范文：6.MyopiniononInternet　　Hello,everyone!Asyouknow,manystudentsliketoworkontheInternet.Ofcourse,itcanbringusmanygoodthings.Wecanlearnmoreknowledge outsideourbooks,practiceourspokenEnglishwithsomeoneelseandlookupsomeusefulinformation.　　Atthesametime,itcanbringussomebadthingsaswell.Somestudentshavemadetoomanyfriends,seensomebadinformationthatisnotgoodforusandspenttoomuchtimeonit.Weshouldknowwhattodoandwhatnottodo.　　That’smyidea.Thankyouforlistening!　　中考英语作文范文：7.Internetshopping　　Internetshoppingisanewwayofshopping.Itoffersalotofadvantages.Themostimportantoneisconvenience.Youcanshopwheneveryoulikebecausetheonlineshopsareopen24hoursaday.Andyoudon’thavetoqueuewithothers.AnditisoftencheapertobuygoodsthroughtheInternetanditisalsoeasytofindwhatyouarelookingfor.　　Therearesomedisadvantages,too.Youcannotseetheproductsorchecktheirqualities.Besidesyoucannotenjoywalkingaroundtheshopsandtalking withyourfriends. MyfavoritesubjectEnglishisoneofmybestsubjectsandIstartedlearningEnglishwhenIwastenyearsold.Butattheverybeginning,listeningseemedalittledifficultforme.SoIhavebeendoingalotoflisteningpractice,suchaslisteningtotapes,watchingEnglishTVprograms.AndIfounditreallyhelpedalot.Infact,therearesomemorehelpfulwaystolearnEnglishwell.Forexample,IenjoysingingEnglishsongsandIwanttojoinanEnglishcluborfindapenpalfromEnglish-speakingcountries.Ibelievethatnothingisimpossibleifyouputyourheartintoit.例七：电脑游戏Computegamescanmakepeoplerelaxed,butsomestudentsaresointerestedinthemthattheyoftenspendmuchtimeonit.Asaresult,theyforgetschoolwork.theyevenwould’tliketogotoschool.It’soneofthebiggestproblemsforteenagers.Aswecansee,computergamesareawasteoftime.Iftheysitatthecomputerforhours,it’sbadfor students’health,especiallytheeyes.What’smore,somestudentsasktheirparentsformoneytoplaygamesorevenrobyoungerstudents. Inaword,computergameswilldoalotofharmtoastudent’shealthandstudy.Whynotgiveupandrestartahealthylifestyle?youwillfindakeytoopenthedoortoanewworld.怎样叙述一个人，例如你妈妈Mymotherisverykindandeasygoing.Shehelpsmealot.Shetakesgoodcareofmydailylife.Forexample,everymorning,shewakesmeupandcooksbreakfastforme.WhenI’mintrouble,Shealwaysencouragesmetofacemydifficultiesandcheersup.IstillrememberthatonceIarguedwithmybestfriendandwasupset.Mymothertalkedwithmethewholenightandfinallyhelpedmesolvetheproblem.Withherhelp,Ibecomeatopstudentinmyclass.I’mverythankfulforallthatshehasdoneforme.Ibelieveshewillbeproudofmeinthenearfuture 例5：叙述一件事：Everyonehassomeunforgettableexperience.Lasttermmylegwasbadlyhurtinafootballmatch,andIhadtostayinbedfortwoweeks.WhileIwasworryingaboutschoolworkathome,myclassmate,Tomcametohelpme.Hetoldmewhattheteachertaughtinclass,andhelpedmealotwithmymathproblems.IwasdeeplymovedbecausehekeptteachingmeuntilIreturnedtoschool.IwasgladthatIcaughtupwithmyclassmates.Fromthenon,webecamebestfriends.Iunderstoodthatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.Iwon’tforgetthisunforgettableexperienceforever.Everyonehassomeunforgettableexperience.Iwillneverforgetmyfirstvolunteerwork.Lastsummer,ourclasswenttoacountryprimaryschooltohelpthestudentsthere.First,wegaveawaysomebooksandschoolthingstothem.Thenwetalkedaboutschoollife.Iwasquiteshybefore,buttomysurprise,Italkedwithsomestudentsforalmostanhour.Finally,weplayedgamestogether.Allofusfelthappy.     Bydoingthevolunteerwork,Inotonlygothappiness, butalsobecomemoreconfident.Itmademeunderstandthatgivingisreceiving例6奥运专题再过三个来月，就要开奥运会了。作为北京的中学生，我们已经为迎奥运做了许多事情。就这个话题，记述一下你在校外曾经做过的、印象最深的一两件事，比如用英语做事情，环境卫生等，并谈谈你的感受或体会。Beijing2008OlympicGames,hold,month,lot,example,think注意：请不要写出真实校名和姓名。BeijingOlympicGameswillcomeinaboutthreemonths,andwehavedonealottomeetit.Forexample,wehavedonesomecleaningintheneighborhoodandremoved(clearedup)somerubbishadsinthestreets.OnceIhelpedaforeignerwholosthisway.IthinkwearegoingtoshowtheworldaNewBeijingandaGreatOlympics,we’llalsoshowthatweChineseareGreatpeople.I’mveryexcitedthatthe2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingandI’mproudofmycountry.Ioftentrymybesttodosomethingforit.EveryFridayIteachtheoldpeopleEnglishwithmyclassmatesafterschool.Atthesametime,Ialsolearnalotfromthem.IthinkI shouldworkharderatmylessonsinordertohelptheoldbetter,evenaftertheGames.I’llbealwaysreadytohelpothersasusualbecausetheOlympicsmeanstogive,tohelpandtodeveloptogether.2.今年8月8日，奥运会就要在北京召开了。班里准备开展题为“SomethingIcandoforthe2008OlympicGames”的讨论。请你准备一篇发言稿，谈一谈盼望奥运会在北京召开的心情，说一说作为北京的中学生，你在做什么？你还有什么打算？The2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijing.AsastudentinBeijing,I’mproudandIthinktherearealotofthingsIcandotohelptheOlympicGames.Duringthegames,thousandsofforeignfriendswillcometoBeijing.SoIampracticingtospeakEnglish.I’mtryingmybesttolearnEnglishwellandwanttobeaguidetoshowthemaroundthisoldcity.I’lltellthemthehistoryofBeijing.IfIcanspeakgoodEnglish,IcanalsomakespeechesorwritearticlesaboutBeijinginmysparetime.I’llletmoreandmorepeopleknow:Beijingisnowabettercity. 3.2008年是中国奥运年，北京是奥运举办城市，作为一名北京的中学生，请根据发生在你身边的两个与北京奥运不和谐的现象，发表意见并说说你做过或打算做什么？（你的文章将发表在学校的英语报上）Dearteachersandschoolmates,   The29thOlympicGamesiscomingtous.Beijing, willbethehostforit.Asamiddleschoolstudent,IamalwaysthinkingaboutwhatIcandofortheworldparty.   Actually,airpollutionisabigproblem.I’vewrittentoourschool’spaperadvocatingeveryonetotakebusesorridebikesmoreoften.Besides,streetfoodstandsbythestreetsarenotonlyharmfulforus,butalsooutofharmonywithourcapitalcity.Iamplanningtohandoutsomeadsafterschool,helpingpeoplestayawayfromthem. Ibelievethatifeveryonetrieshisbestforourdream,Beijingwillbeabetterplacetowelcomeourdearfriendsfromaroundtheworld.Areyouready?Don’tputitoff!    综合练习十作文总结：例1地震题材 根据中文大意和英文提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60个词的短文。所给英文提示词语供选用。2008年5月12日四川汶川发生了8级地震，在这次灾难中，全国人民众志成城、抗震救灾，在灾难面前充分体现了互助、互爱的精神。在这次灾难中，你肯定也为灾区的人民做了一些力所能及的事情，请谈谈你所做的事情，以及你将要做些什么，并谈谈你的感想。提示词语：raisemoney（捐钱），giveawaysomebooks/clothes,writeletters,makecards, OnMay12th.AverybigandseriousearthquaketookplaceinWenchuan.Atthattime,manypeoplelosttheirhomesandtheirfamilymembers.EveryoneinChinadidtheirbesttohelpthosepeopleinneed.SodoI.Inotonlyraisedmypocketmoney,butalsogaveawaymybookstothehomelesschildren.Besides,myclassmatesandIwrote letterstocheerthemup.Ialsomadecardsforthemtoencouragethechildrentofacethedifficultbravely. AllChinesearelikeourbrothersandsisters,solet’stryourbesttohelpourfamilymembers.Ithinkitwillbeallrightinthenearfuture. Ididalotofthingsforthepeoplewhoareintrouble.      First,Iraisedmoneyforthemandtoldotherstoraisemoneywith.Second,Igaveawaysomebookstothem.Iknowthechildrenneedtostudy,buttheylosttheirbooks.What’smore,Ireallywanttowritemanylettersandsendthemtothechildrenwhoareafraid.Theylosttheirparents,theirfriendsandtheirteachersinthisdisaster.Theyneedlove!      Look!Ourfriendsarecrying.Theyneedourhelp!Let’sdosomethingforthem.Ibelievewewillovercomedifficultiesifallofusgivelovetothosepeople.2010中考英语作文范文　　假如你是李华，班会课上你们进行了以“中学生是否能佩带手机”为题目的讨论。请你结合以下材料给英语周报社的编辑写一封信，说明该情况，并附带表明你自己的观点。　　2010年中考英语作文预测范文如下：　　Dearsir,　　I"llwritingtotellyousomeinformationofasurveywithmyseniormiddleschool.　　40%thinkmiddleschoolstudentcanwearmobilphone,butotherstudentareagainsttheidea.Inmyopinion, 　　middleschoolstudentshouldwearmobile,foritdomoregoodthanharm.　　Forexample,itisconvenient ifwecontactourfriends;ifwehaveposer,wecan　　solveitoninternet;sometimes,it"simpossibleforustoremembermoreusefulinformation,thenwecanputitinit;Asamiddleschoolstudent,wehavemoreandmorepressure,weneedsomethingtomakeusrelax.Sure,wecanplaysomegameswithit,too.　　Asforitsbadeffectonourstudy,whenitrings,Oh,Ithinkwecanadjustittovibration.　　Theabovearemysurveyresult,andsomeviewpointsofmine.　　Best wishes　　Melody1.环保话题It’sourdutytosavewaterAsweknow,waterisveryimportanttoman,wecan’tlivewithoutwater.Waterwhichissuitabletodrinkisbecominglessandless.Butsomepeopledon’tcareaboutit.Theywastealotofwaterintheirdailylife.Evenworse,theypourdirtywaterintorivers.Theythrowrubbishintorivers,too.Manyriversandlakesareseriouslypolluted.Somethingmustbedonetostopthe pollution.Wemuststoppeoplefrompouringdirtywaterorrubbishintorivers.Wecanalsoreusewaterinourdailylife.Ifwefollowthesesuggestions,I’msurewewillhaveenoughwatertouseinthefuture.SavingtheEarthAstimegoesby,manismakingtheearthsick.Peoplecutdowntoomanytreesandleaverubbisheverywhere.Factoriesletouttheirwastewithoutdoinganyingtoit.Thishascausesomeseriousproblems.Suchasthelandissandy,theriverisdirty,theairislessclean,eventhetemperatureoftheearthisrising.Whatshouldwedotosavetheearth?Mysuggestionisthatweshouldplantmoretrees,putrubbishintodusbinsandstopfactoriespouringwasteintotheairorrivers.Wecanalsouseshoppingbagsinsteadofplasticbags.Inaword,wehaveonlyoneearth,weshoulddoourbesttoprotectit,orwewillregretlater.HowtoProtecttheEnvironmentIt’sveryimportantforustoprotecttheenvironmentGoodenvironmentcanmakepeoplefeelhappyandfit.Toimprovetheenvironmentmeanstoimproveourlife.Weshouldplantmoretreesandflowersaroundus.We shouldn’tcutthemdown.Weshouldstopfactoriesfrompouringwastewaterintotheriverandwastegasintotheair.Wheneverweseelitterontheground,weshouldpickitupandthrowitintodusbins.Neverspitinpublic.Don’tdrawonpublicwalls.Wecanalsouseshoppingbagsinsteadofplasticbags.Afterall,It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.Wehopeourworldwillbecomemoreandmorebeautiful.2.中学生适当的放松方式中学生学习时间长、压力大，专家建议学生每天课后应采取适当的方式放松自己。某英文报”学生习作”专栏正在就”学生适当的放松方式”这一话题进行征文。假设你是二十二中初三（3）班的班长，最近你对班上同学课后放松方式进行了调查。请根据表格提供的调查信息和要求写一篇短文向该报投稿。对象：二十二中初三（3）班.人数：60人（男：31人；女：29人）.常用放松方式：1.看电视（30人）2.玩电脑游戏（12人）3.听音乐（8人）4.进行体育锻炼（5人）5.没有时间放松（5人）.你的观点：哪一种（些）放松方式是适当的？为什么？注意：1.短文包括对调查相关信息的介绍和你自己的观点；2.词数：80-100。题目和开头已为你写好，不记入总词数。TheProperWay(s)forstudentstoRelaxIamthemonitorofClass3,Grade3,No.22Middle School.RecentlyIhavemadeasurveyofthestudentsinmyclassonwaystorelaxafterclass.Thereare60studentsinmyclass(31boysand29girls).Differentstudentshavedifferentwaystorelax.HalfofthestudentsoftenwatchTV.12studentsliketoplaycomputergameswhile8enjoylisteningtomusic.5studentsthinkdoingsportsisagoodwayandanotherfivearetoobusytorelax.Aswestudytoolongeverydayandhavetoomuchpressure,everystudentshouldchooseproperwaystorelax.Inmyopinion,watchingTVorplayingcomputergamesisnotaproperwaytohelpusrelax.Ithingtakingexerciseisaproperwaybecauseitcanrestourbrainsandeyes.Besides,Itcanhelpimproveourhealth.Therefore,Ioftenplaypingpongafterclass.It’sreallyhelpfultobothmyhealthandmystudy.（编辑：bjx）补充材料50个典型句式：1.assoonas                                   一…就…2.(not)as/so…as                                不如3.as…aspossible                               尽可能地4.asksbforsth..                                请求，要求5.ask/tellsb.(how)todosth.                      请教/告诉某人如何做…6.ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.                       请/告诉某人做/不做某事7.beafraidofdoingsth./that…                    害怕做某事/害怕，担心…8.bebusydoing                                 忙于做某事9.befamous/late/ready/sorryfor…                  以…著名10.begladthat…                                高兴…11.both…and…                                  …与…两者都…12.buy/give/show/send/pass/bring/lend/tellsb.sth.     为某人买某物13.either…or                                   要么…要么…14.enjoy/hate/finish/mind/keep/goondoing           喜欢做某事15.get+比较级半功倍                             变得越…16.getonwith                                   与…相处17.getreadyfor/getsth.ready                       为…做准备18.give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tellsthtosb.         把…给某人19.hadbetter(not)do                              最好做/不做20.helpsb(to)do/helpsb.with                      帮某人做某事21.don’tthinkthat...                               认为…不…22.Iwouldliketo…/wouldyouliketo…?              我想做…23.Ittakessbsometimetodosth.                    花费某人…时间做某事24.it’sbad/goodfor…                             对...有害处25.it’simportantforsbtodosth.                     对于某人来说做…是重要的26.It’stimefor…/todosth.                          对于…来说是做…的时间了。27.It’stwometers(years)long(old)                   它两米长。28.keepsb.doing                                  让某人一直做某事29.keep/makesth.+adj.                             让…一直保持…30.liketodo/likedoing                              喜欢做…31.make/letsb.(not)dosth.                          让某人做/不做某事32.neither…nor                                     既不…也不…33.not…atall                                      根本不34.notonly…butalso                                不仅…而且….35.not…until                                      直到…才.…36.one…theother/some…others                     一个…另一个…37.see/hearsbdo(doing)sth.                        看见某人做了/正在做某事38.so…that                                       如此…以至于…39.spend...on(in)doingsth.                          在…方面花费…40.stopsb.fromdoingsth.                           阻止某人做某事41.stoptodo/doing                                 停下来去做某事42.take/bringsthwithsb.                             随身携带43.The+比较级，the+比较级                        越…越…44.Thereissomethingwrongwith…                   …出了问题/毛病45.too…to                                        太…以至于不能…46.usedto                                         过去常常47.Whatabout…/Howabout…?                        …怎么样呢？48.What’swrong/thematterwith…?                   …出什么问题了？49.Whynot…?                                     为什么不做…呢？50.Will(Would,Could)youplease…?                   你愿不愿意做….呢？ 初一上学期期末总复习要点集锦Unit11.语言要点(语法、词组、句型)(1)---Nicetomeetyou!---Nicetomeetyou!------------A:Thankyou!B:You’rewelcome.That’sOK.That’sallright.Notatall.It’sapleasure./Withpleasure.-------That’sallright.（不客气。没关系。）That’right.(那是对的)-------A:Sorry.B:That’sallright./That’sOK./Itdoesn’tmatter./Nevermind.(2)What’syourname?(3)What’shertelephonenumber? What’sherfirstname?2.人名(1)Firstname:Tony,Jack,Gina,Mary,Jenny,(2)Lastname(FamilyName):Green,Miller,Brown,Smith,Zhang,(3)JackSmith:Jackis__________;Smithis________.3．我你他她它你们我们他们/它们主格：I,you,he,she,it,you,we,they宾格：me,you,him,her,it,you,us,them形容词性:my,your,his,her,its,your,our,their+名词名词性：mine,yours,his,hers,its,yours,ours,theirs1.Thisis___（他们）classroom,butwhereisours？2.Thisis___(我的)classroom,butwhereisours？3.Thisis______(我们的)classroom,butwhereisours？4.XiaoShenyangsaysthat____（他的）jobistomakepeoplehappy.5.____(她)nameisMaryMiller.6.Canyougive__________(我)somebooks?7.Canyougive___________(我们)somebooks? 8.What’s________(你的)名字?9.Whatare_________(他们)names?10.What’s_________(她的)telephonenumber?11.Thisbookis_______________(她的).12.Isthepen_____________(他的)?13.Pleasegivethebookto_______(他).14.Pleasegivethebookto________(她).15.Pleasegivethebookto________(他们).Unit21.词形变换dictionary______________(复数)key________________(复数)2.语言要点(1)Isthisyourpencil?(2)call…at…(3)computergame,lostandfoundcase,anIDcard,(4)---Howdoyouspellit?---W-A-T-C-H.Unit3Thisismysister.1.词形变换this__________________(复数) that______________(复数)2.家庭成员mother,father,parents,brother,sister,grandfather,grandmother,friend3.词组：ThanksforsthThanksfordoingsth4.话题作文：(1)描述Familytree(2)描述家庭成员“全家福”Unit4Where’smybackpack?1.词形变化2.方位介词：inthebackpack,inthedrawer,onthetable,onthedresser,onthebed,underthetable,near　the　window,3.语言要点：(1)analarmclock.(2)take…to…,bring…to…(3)话题作文：描述自己的房间或教室环境。 Unit5Doyouhaveasoccerball?1.词形变化watch______(单三)2．要点(1)球类运动前____________:playbasketball,playvolleyball,playsoccerball,playping-pong,playtennis,比较：乐器前__________:playtheguitar(2)____youhaveaping-pongball?Yes,I_______.(3)letsb+__________(4)Thatsounds_________(good,well)(5)词组：playsports,haveasportscollection,watchTV,watchthemonTV,3.话题作文：介绍自己的收藏Unit6Doyoulikebananas?1.词形变化tomato________(复数),strawberry_____________(复数), health___________(形容词),2.语言要点;(1)可数与不可数名词修饰可数名词：afew,many,some,alotof,修饰不可数名词：alittle,much,some,alotof(2)可数名词：carrots,eggs,pears,hamburgers,tomatoes,Frenchfries,oranges,bananas,strawgerries,,apples,不可数名词:broccoli,water,milk,bread,jucie,orange（橘子汁），既是可数又是不可数名词：icecream,salad,children(3)Forlunch,shelikeshamburgers.Shehaschildren,tomatoesfordessert.3.话题作文：谈论自己或他人早餐、中餐和晚餐喜欢吃什食物。Unit7Howmucharethesepants?1.购物(1)CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?(2)Iwantasweater.Iwanttobutasweater.I’mlookingforasweater. Ineedasweater.(3)Whatcolourdoyouwant?Whatsizedoyouwant?(4)Howmuchisit?Howmucharethey?(5)I’lltakeit.I’llhaveit.(6)Hereyouare.(7)Here’sthemoney.(8)You’rewelcome.2.数字forty3.3.话题作文;写推销广告(P45)(1)comeandbuyclothesatHuaxing’sgreatsale!(2)Doyoulikesweaters?Wehavesweatersataverygoodprice.(3)Wehave…foronly$5.(4)Forgirls,wehave…Forboys,wehave… (5)Anybodycanaffordourprices!(6)Comeandseeforyourselfat….Store.Unit8Whenisyourbirthday?1.月份：2.---Whenisyourbirthday?---It’sOctobertenth.3.数词：基数词：序数词：1st,2nd,3re,4th,nine---ninth,forty—fortieth4.词组：anEnglishspeechcontest,aChineseContest,musicFestival,anArtFestival,schooltrip,baskballgame,birthdayparty,Unit9Doyouwanttogotoamovie/1.词形变化comedy______________(复数),documentary_______(复数),success________(形容词)_________(副词)2.要点：(1)anactionmovie (2)…,but(转折)…(3)learnabout,Chinesehistory,BeijingOpera,(4)exciting---excited,scary—scared,interesting—interested(5)onweekendsUnit10Canyouplaytheguitar?1.乐器前要____________:playtheguitar,playthepiano,playtheviolin,playthedrum,playthetrumpet,比较：playchess2.jointhemusicclub,jointheartclub,jointhechessclub,jointheswimmingclubjointheEnglishclub,3.speakEnglish4.want+________5.can+___________6.goodwell7.begoodwith begoodatbegoodfor8.ane-mailaddress9.话题作文：“才能”与“俱乐部”.MusiciansWantedAreyouamusician?Canyousing?Canyoudance?Canyouplaythepiano?Thenyoucanbeinourschoolmusicfestival.PleasecallZhangHengat622-66033.Unit11Whattimedoyougotoschool?1.组与句型:Whattimedoyougotoschool?gotoschool,getup,run,eatbreakfast,takeashower,2．时刻表达法:(1)整点：seveno’clock八点十一点22点(2)半点：halfpastsix七点半九点半十二点半(3)不足30分：5:10tenpastfive 6:107:208:1510:25(4)超过20分钟：6:40twentytoseven（到下一点钟）9:4010:4511:5012:55(5）翻译下列时刻(WritedowntheEnglishexpressionsoftime)twopasttwo_________________twotwotwo____________onepastone_________________fivetofive_____________10:00:_______________________11:15:__________________________17:55:_______________________21:00:__________________________(6)时间前介词的用法：______themorning______theafternoonofJune1st._____eleveno’clock_______halfpasteight______Fridayevening _______summer_____spring_______Sepetember______2010_______Sunday________December25th总结规律：at+______________in+___________________________;on+______________________3．bursh_______________(单三),watch_______________(单三)go_____________(单三)，have_________________(单三)do____________(单三),4.要点(1)Thanksfor+(doing)sth(2)wanttoknowabout…(3)Schoolstartsateighto’clock(4)tellsbaboutsth(5)Hebrusheshisteethandhasashower. (6)takethenumber17bus(7)gethome,gettowork(8)around=about5.话题作文：(1)MyBusyDay(第一人称)请以”MyBusyDay”为题，写一篇短文介绍你的一天。(2)MyMother’sDay（第三人称）同学们，你可曾注意到你的父母每天忙忙碌碌，辛苦操劳。请你写一篇短文介绍他们。Mymother’s(father’s)DayMymother(father)isverybusy,shegetsupatsixo’clock.(3)根据表格内容写一篇作文，介绍Jane的一天。TimeActivities6:156:307:308:009:00 Unit12Myfavouritesubjectisscience.1.学科名称:Chinese,English,maths,history,art,P.E.,music,(physics,chemistry,..)2.描述学科的形容词fun,interesting,boring,difficult,relaxing,3.要点;(1)playwith(2)betired(3)afterclass(4)He’sfun.(Hisclassisveryinteresting.)3.话题作文P753a(1)介绍学科和自己的对各学科的评价(喜欢、不喜欢)(2)介绍一天的课程表。(3)询问班上一些同学最喜欢的日子，然后向全班汇报〉(P75,4)NameWhat’syourfavouriteday?Why?DaveMondayBecauseIhavemusic.ScottFridayBecauseIhaveart. HanXiaoTudesdayBecauseIplayvolleyball.本册总结：1.可数名词与不可数名词：名词复数：2.人称代词和物主代词3.数词:基数词和序数词4.时间表达法5.一般现在时态(1)区分两种句式：主系表主谓宾 be动词和实义动词______youastudent?______thisyoursister?______yougetupatsix?______youhaveasoccerball?______youlikesports?_______youwanttogotoamovie?______youswim?What___yourfavouritesubject?How___youspellit?Where___mypen?Whatfood____youlike?Whatcolor_____it?When_____yourbirthday?Whattime____yougetup?Howmuch_____thesepants?what____thisinEnglish?6.情态动词can+do7.非谓语动词：want+________like+_________/_________can+__________ let+__________8.介词：inonat9.话题：(1)StarterUnit3:颜色(2)Unit1:人名(FamilyName,Lastname)(2)Unit2:物品(ruler,map,eraser…)（3）Unit3:颜色(red,green,purple)(4)Unit4:方位(5)Unit5:运动与俱乐部(6)Unit6:食物与一日三餐（可数与不可数名词）Unit7:衣服与价格；写促销广告Unit8:生日的日期、数字Unit9:电影分类,介绍喜欢的电影或演员Unit10:才能与俱乐部Unit11:每日活动、时刻表达法Unir12:科目、谈论课程表、喜欢的科目及原因 初中英语语法（动词不定式）1．不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如towrite)所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上tobewriting，tohavewritten)，也有被动态(如tobewritten)，所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外，没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。2．不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.TegetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago．2.Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge．在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。如：1.ItmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40years ago．2.Johnadmittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime．不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过forsb.todosth.结构表达：1.Itisquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringageneralreview．2.Itisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语：1.Itisverykindofyoutotellmethetruth．2.Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything．2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。及物动词+带to的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有:afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decidedemand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear， undertake，want，wish等。1.Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.2.Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway.3.Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式：这类动词常见的有advise，decide，findout，forget，inquire，know，learn，see，regard初中英语语法总结，remember，teach，tell，understand，wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有:what，when，where，which，how，whether等。1.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart.2.Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.3.Iwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词(如find，think，consider，feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。1.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.2.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9 o’clock.3)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)；表语也是不定式(表示结果)：1.Toseeistobelieve.2.Toworkmeanstoearnaliving．另一种情况为主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等名词为中心的短语，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：；例如：1.Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture．2.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice．3.WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience．4)不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如：1.Therewasreallynothingtofear．2.Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread．如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如：1.Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith．2.Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout．3.Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento．4.Althoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes，Istill wasnotabletofindachairtositon．第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如：1.Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?2.Theactiontobetakeniscorrect．3.Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending．第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词：ability，attempt，effort，impulse，inclination，wish等。例如：1.Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher．2.Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou．3.NeitherofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.5)不定式作状语不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语：1.Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea．2.Theyarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea．3.Hewasluckytoarrivebefore dark．4.Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark．作目的状语：1.Sheraisedhervoicetobehearedbetter．2.Sheraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter．3.WewentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam．4.WewentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam．作结果状语：1.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians．2.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians．3.Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone．4.Hegottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone．不带to的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to，但在有些搭配中不带to，在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to不定式：1)在can／could，/may／might，will／would，shall／should，must， need，dare等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。2)在表示感觉意义的动词，如see初中英语语法总结，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，let，make等后，动词不定式不带to。例如：1.Ioftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard．2.Imusthavehimseehisownmistakes．但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。例如：1.Hewasoftenheardtosaythathewouldstudyhard．2.Afterhehadfinishedspeaking，hewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions．3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。例如：1.Helptheoldlady(to)carrytheheavybox.4)在hadbetter，wouldrather，may／mightaswell，ratherthan，cannotbut等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带to。例如：1.Unlessyoufeeltoilltogoout，Iwouldrathernotstayathometonight．2.Shecouldnotbutcriticizehisfoolish behaviour.5)在makedo，makebelieve，letdrop，1etfall，1etfly，letslip，letdrive，letgooff，hearsay，heartell，leavegoof等固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式。例如：1.Theyletgooftherope．他们松开了绳子。2.Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme．约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。3.I"veheardtellofhim．我听说过他。4.Someofthefacultywereletgoforlackofthestudents．由于生源不足，一些教职员工被解雇了。6)在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带to，表示“不得不初中英语语法总结，只能”。例如：1.Hewilldoanythingexceptworkonthefarm．2.Therewasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender．3.Thespywasbothhungryandcold；therewasnothingleftforhimbuttogivein．4.Ihadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining．下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to：cannothelpbut，cannotchoosebut，cannotbut，donothingbut，havenothingtodobut。例如：Icannotbutadmirehis courage.如果上述句中有do，to省略：IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight．如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.7)紧跟在why或whynot之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。例如：Whystandupifyoucansitdown?Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon"tunderstandthemeaning?Youneedn"tdecideyetwhethertostudyartsorscience．4．不定式的完成式和进行式1)构成完成式：to+havedone进行式：to+bedoing2)用法完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作(状态)发生在主要谓语动作之前初中英语语法总结，那么不定式就要用其完成式。进行式：如果主要谓语动作(情况)发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生，那么不定式就要用其进行式。例如：1.Shefeelsrelaxedtohavefinishedwritingherthesisbeforethe deadline．2.TheVikingsarebelievedtohavediscoveredAmerica．3.Whenyoucalledmelastnight，Ihappenedtobeworkingonthecomputer．5．不定式的被动形式当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动形式，包括它的一般式和完成式。例如：1.Fortwelveyears，SpanishcensorshipdidnotallowLorca"snametobementionedandhisworktobepublished．2.Thesnowwassupposedtohavebeenblownoffthemountain．6．不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。例如：1.Idecidednottoaskhimagain．2.Pleaseremembernottoleavethelightsonwhenyouareout．