高中英语语法导学案之状语从句 6页

状语从句一．概念及分类：句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句；复合句中从句的从属地位，表现为结构完整的句子只相当于一个词的地位，根据其所相当的词性，分别为形容词从句，副词从句和名词从句。形容词从句可作也只作定语，故等于定语从句；副词从句可作也只作状语，故为状语从句，而名词从句可作不同的成分，依其所作成分的不同分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。副词从句作状语，往往修饰的是谓语动词或者整个句子，因此不像定语从句或名词从句一样与某一个部分纠结在一起。它往往与主句相对，与主句界限分明。位于句首时，状语从句还常以逗号与主句分开。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句；4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句；7.比较状语从句；8.方式状语从句；9.结果状语从句。二．时间状语从句（一）when,while和as1,when,观察下面例句，总结其用法：WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.总结：从句表示的动作_________________________________,主句和从句的先后关系_______________________________________________________________________。在下列句子中，when的含义是：_____________,做为并列连词。Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.WewereabouttosetoffonourwaywhenitsuddenlybegantorainShewasonthepointofgoingtoshopwhenthetelephonerang..HardlyhadIarrivedwhenthetrainleft.Hehadjustfinishedhishomeworkwhensomeoneaskedhimtoplaybasketball.总结：_________________________________:_________________________________________________________________;______________________________________________________________________________________________观察下列句子中when的含义：Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouhavegotsuchagoodone?when表示条件，意思接近“在…...情况下”whenever:IgotothetheaterwheneverIgetthechance.(每当，每次)Comeandseemewheneveryouwantto.（在任何时候）2,while,观察例句并总结用法：Wewerelistening/listenedtotheradiowhilehewasreadingnewspaper.Iliketeawhilehelikecoffee.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是_______________________,常用___________时。作为并列连词，表示_________________，翻译成_____________；语气比but________。把while的含义写在后面括号内：Whilewedidn’tagree,wecontinuetobegoodfriends.()Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idon’tknowthemwell.()Whilethereislife,thereishope.()Striketheironwhileitishot.()总结：while除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导_________________________________。3.as引导时间状语从句：Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为________或者________________。温馨提示：当主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while,as可互换使用。 When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.题组训练用while，when，as填空：①________Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofthestore.②_________Johnarrived,Iwascookinglunch.③________hegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.④Howcanhegetgoodgrades_______hewon’tstudy?⑤Iwaswanderingthroughthestreet__________Icaughtsightofatailor’sshop.⑥______thegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.㈡assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner…than…,hardly(scarecely,barely)…when…这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为_____________________.ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.注意：在nosooner…than…;hardly/scarcely/barely…when结构中，主句用_____________，从句使用__________________时态。此外，当把nosooner或hardly等提到句首时，应用_______________语序。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=Hardly________________________________________________________.Ihadnosoonercomehomethanitbegantorain.=Nosooner____________________________________________________.题组训练英译汉：Theyphonedimmediatelytheyreachedhome.____________________________________________________________________TheyearmybrotherjoinedthearmyIgraduatedfromthehighschool.______________________________________________________________________Ihadwaitedfor3hoursbythetimethetrainarrived.(注意主句时态：)________________________________________________________________________EverytimeIseeher,sheisalwaysbusy.________________________________________________________________________Iwanttoseeherthemomentshearrives._________________________________________________________表示时间的名词或名词短语也可以引起时间状语从句，如：_______________________________________.㈢till、until和not…untilHeremainedthereuntilshearrived.Youmaystayhereuntiltherainstops.Hewon’tgotobeduntilshereturns.UntilyoutoldmeIhavenoideaofit.ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.观察以上各句，找出用法。肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。否定句：主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。_____________可以用于句首，而__________不可以。在强调句型中notuntil两词在一起不分开；句首时，_________要倒装。题组训练句型转换Ididn’tleaveuntilshecameback..______________shecameback_____________leave._____________notuntilshecameback________I________.㈣before,after和since1.before,在…之前：翻译下面的句子：Lookbeforeyouleap.___________________________________________ Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy._________________________________________________把下列各句中的before的含义写在后面：Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.（）Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.（）Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.（）BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme（）before构成的固定句型，看例句总结：Itwillbeayearbeforeyouleaveschool.ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagain.Itwillbe+_________before(谓语动词用_____________________)Itwas+____________before(谓语动词用____________________)2.since：IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactorysinceheleftschool.Ihaveseenhertwicesincehelivedhere.总结：since从句的谓语动词一般是___________动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性或者反复发生的动作。主句时态为_______________,从句时态为_________________。从句动词若是延续性动词，则表示_______________________。概括since构成的句型，：ItisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeoutItisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher._________________________________________________________________________________把以上句子翻译成汉语。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________在“Itis+一段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。3.after在……之后Iwilltellthemafteryouleave(youhaveleave).Itoldthemafteryouleft/hadleft.你能发现after之后的时态吗？_______________________________________________________三地点状语和原因状语从句1地点状语从句引导词为_____________和_____________.请填写：Youarefreetogo___________youlike.Goback________youcomefrom.Makeamark___________youhaveanyquestions.翻译下列句子：Wherethereisawill,thereisaway._____________________________________Whereverthereissmoke,thereisafire.______________________________________以上两句where从句表示抽象含义，从句必须放在主句之前。注意区分where引导的状语从句和定语从句题组训练,判断下列各句中包括什么从句：Gobacktotheplacewhereyoucomefrom.()ThisistheshopwhereIboughtmybike.()Gobackwhereyoucomefrom..()Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.()总结：你是根据什么作出判断的？____________________________________________________________________ 2.原因状语从句引导词：because,as,since,nowthat,每个连词的含义不尽相同，观察例句总结用法：------Whywereyouabsentfromthemeeting?------BecauseIwasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgotothepark.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourclass.Sinceyouarebusy,youdon’thavetogo.总结：because表示___________________,用来回答______提出的问题；as和since表示_________________,as可以翻译成_________,since翻译成___________;as的位置可以在主句前或者后，而since,nowthat只能在主句_________.此外，for,并列连词，也可表示原因，起补充说明的作用。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.四.目的状语从句和结果状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有从属连词___________________________________________Iwillspeakslowly____________youcanunderstandme.___________wemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.在口语中，sothat引导从句时，_________可以省略。Wewillseatnearthefrontso(that)wecanhearmoreclearly.Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetree_________________hisfather(should)seehim.forfearthat,incase,lest引导目的状语从句，谓语动词可以使用should+动词原形。引导结果状语从句的引导词有_______________________________________________,观察例句，概括结构：Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily._______________________________________________________________________________________________________.__________________________________当so或such置于句首时，主要倒装语序。Socleverastudent______________thathewasabletoworkoutthedifficultproblem.题组训练：用so或such填空Itissurprisingthat__________littlewormseat______manygrains.Heis________smartaboythatIlikehimverymuch.Canyoubelievethatin______arichcountrythereshouldbe________manypoorpeople?思考：such…as结构中，as引导的是什么从句？观察下面的句子并作出回答：Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Pleasesendsuchonesasyouhavetomorrow.比较such…that并得出结论：________________________________________________________________五.条件状语和方式状语从句㈠条件状语从句从属连词_______________________________________________________引导条件状语。Youwillfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.Youwillfailtheexam_______you__________studyhard.________________youdon’tloseheart,youwillsucceed.当if从句的条件不是真实的或难以实现的条件时，要用__________________.IfI__________(know)hisaddress,I___________(tell)you.Ifyou_______________(come)hereyesterday,you_______________(see)her.Ifit___________________________(rain)tomorrow,I__________(stay)athome.条件状语从句中也可以省略Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.Hehasnomoney.If(thereis)any,hewillgiveyousome.Weallknowthat,if(itis)notcarefullydealtwith,thesituationwillgetworse. 在条件状语从句中时态问题：Youwillfindawayifyouuseyourhead.Don’tleavetheroomunlesstheteachertellsyouto.____________________________________________________________㈡方式状语从句引导词有_____________________________________________Doasyouaretoldto,oryouwillbefired.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.IfeelasifIhaveafever.asif或asthrough引导的从句有时需要用________语气。从句中也可以采用省略形式：Shestoodatthegate,asif(shewas)waitingforsomeone.温馨提示：在时间状语从句，让步，条件及方式状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致，并且谓语动词中有be动词的时候，从句中的主语和be动词一块儿省略。六.让步状语从句和比较状语从句㈠让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的从属连词有_______________________________________________Heisunhappy,______________hehasalotofmoney.__________________itwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.___________Iwerebusy,IwouldgoEventhough/ifitisraining,I___________(go)there.as引导让步状语从句，从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形置于句首，需用倒装语序。汉译英(as)：1.尽管他是孩子，她却懂得很多。_________________________________________________________________________2.虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。___________________________,Iwon’tbuyit,forit’stooexpensive.3.不管他怎样努力，还是找不到工作。________________,hecouldn’tfindajob.though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装;although引导的从句不倒装。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrueWhateveryousay(=_______________________),hewon’tbelieveyou.Wherever(=________________________)yougo,Iwillgo.Whoever(=_________________________)youare,youmustobeytherules.While在正式文体中，也可以引导让步状语从句，如：WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycan’tbesolved..㈡比较状语从句than,as…asHeistallerthanI(am)Tomisasoldashisbrother(is).Hestudiesharderthanweexpect.IadmireandrespectyoumorethanIcansay.翻译下面的句子：Ilikeyoubetterthanhe(likesyou)_______________________________________Iknowyoubetterthan(Ido)her___________________________________________than为从属连词,引导比较状语从句，因此后面跟人称代词的主格形式，谓语动词通常省略。than做介词，则可以跟人称代词的宾格。思考：as有哪些用法，你知道吗?请你写在下面的横线上：1.______________________________________________________________2._______________________________________________________________3.________________________________________________________________◆ 精编陷阱题训练◆ 1.Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelp_______itisneeded.A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when2.Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners’curiosity________hereachestheendofthestory.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until3._______Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.A.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.while4Youwillsucceedintheend____yougiveuphalfway.A.evenifB.asthoughC.aslongasD.unless5.“Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?”“Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_______hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.”A.after高.考.资.源.网B.unlessC.until高.考.资.源.网D.when6._____Isuggest,healwaysdisagrees.A.However高.考.资.源.网B.WhateverC.Whichever高.考.资.源.网D.Whoever7.Youshouldputonthenotices______allthepeoplemayseethem.A.where高.考.资.源.网B.inwhichC.at高.考.资.源.网D.forthem8._____shegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.A.WhereverB.HoweverC.WhicheverD.Whoever9.Maryclappedherhandoverhermouth_______sherealizedwhatshehadsaid.A.whileB.assoonasC.suddenlyD.then10.________herfaults,she’sArnold’smother.Don’tbesorudetoher.A.WhateverB.WhatC.WhicheverD.Whenever11.____you’regotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas12.IthoughtshewastheverygirlthatIshouldmarry_______Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime13.Don’tplaybytheriver_______youfallinanddrown!A.incaseB.sothatC.inorderthatD.when14.Whydoyouwantanewjob____you’vegotsuchagoodonealready?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when15.Heisbetterthan_______Ilastvisitedhim.高.考.资.源.网A.whenB.thatC.howD.which