英语语法名词用法名词练习题及答案介词练习题答案 9页

英语语法名词用法名词练习题及答案介词练习题答案1.名词　名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：　1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。　2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。　3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。　4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示： 名词专有名词不可数名词 普通名词物质名词 抽象名词 集体名词可数名词个体名词  1.1名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es读/z/baby---babies 1.2其它名词复数的规则变化1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：　　　twoMarys　　　　theHenrys　　　　monkey---monkeys　holiday---holidays　　2）以o结尾的名词，变复数时：　　a.加s，如：photo---photos　　piano---pianos　　　　　　　　radio---radios　　zoo---zoos；　　b.加es，如：potato--potatoes　tomato--tomatoes　　c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros/zeroes。　3）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时： 　　a.加s，如：belief---beliefs　roof---roofs　　　　　　　　safe---safes　gulf---gulfs；b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halves　　　　　knife---knives　leaf---leaves　wolf---wolves　　　wife---wives　life---lives　thief---thieves；c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。 1.3名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children　foot---feet　tooth---teethmouse---mice　　　man---men　woman---women　注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，li，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：people　police　cattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.　中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。　　　TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）　trousers,　clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;　suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1.4不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cakeisakindoffood.　蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数） Thesecakesaresweet.　这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：Thisfactoryproducessteel.　（不可数）Weneedvarioussteels.　（可数）c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice　一则建议。　5.定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1)     用复数作定语。例如：sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室　　talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系2）man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：　　menworkers　　womenteachers　　gentlemenofficials3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：　　goodstrain（货车）armsproduce　武器生产　　　　customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷　4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozeneggs　两打鸡蛋　aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.　一个五年计划1.6不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人theChineseaChinese　twoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustralians　anAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.7名词的格　　英语中有些名词可以加""s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：ateacher"sbook。名词所有格的规则如下：1）单数名词词尾加""s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加""s"，如theboy"sbag男孩的书包，men"sroom男厕所。2）若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"""，如：theworkers"struggle　工人的斗争。3）凡不能加""s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字。4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：thebarber"s理发店。5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有"s，则表示"分别有"；只有一个"s，则表示"共有"。例如：John"sandMary"srooms（两间）　　JohnandMary"sroom（一间）6）复合名词或短语，"s加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：amonthortwo"sabsence 1.8练习1.Hewaseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis_______.a．  littlewageb.fewwagec.waged.wages2.Mostofthehousesinthevillagewereburntto______duringthewar.a.     anashb.theashc.ashd.ashes3.Thestudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremaking______forthecomingNewYear.a.     manypreparationsb.muchpreparationc.preparationsd.preparation4.Paintingin_____isoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.a.     oilb.anoilc.oilsd.theoil5.Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn’t____oilhere.a.     muchb.lotsofc.agreatdealofd.many6.Thelargehousesarebeingpainted,but______.a.ofgreatexpenseb.atagreatexpensec.inalotofexpensesd.byhighexpense7.Theroomwassmallandcontainedfartoo______.a.muchnewfurniturec.muchnewfurnituresb.manynewfurnitured.manynewfurnitures8.Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.a.roomsnumberb.roomnumberc.room’snumbersd.roomnumbers9.Computerscando______workinashorttime,butamancannotdo______byhimself.agreatmany…manyc.much…agreatdeal b.agreatdealof…muchd.many…agreatmany10.Shedidn’tknow_____hehadbeengiven.a.     howmanyinformationc.howmanyinformationsb.    thenumberofinformationd.howmuchinformation11.Heinvitedallofhis______tojoinhisweddingparty.a.     comrade-in-armsc.comrades-in-armb.    comrades-in-armsd.comrade-in-arm12.Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth.a.     womendoctorsc.womandoctorsb.    womendoctord.womandoctor13.Aftertenyears,alltheseyoungstersbecame_____.a.     growns-upsc.growns-upb.    grown-upd.grown-ups14.Thepoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident.a.      stander-byc.standers-byb.      stander-bysd.standers-bys15.TheNazikeptthose______intheirconcentrationcamp.a.prisoner-of-warsc.prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-warsd.prisoner-of-war16.Themanagerwasgreatlyappreciatethat_____madebyLindalately.a.     newreelb.newsreelc.new-reelsd.newsreels17.Mary’sdressissimilarinappearancetoher______.a.eldersisterb.eldersister’sc.eldersistersd.eldersistersdress18.Allthepeopleattheconferenceare______.a.mathematicteachersc.mathematicsteacherb.mathematicsteachersd.mathematic’steachers19.ProfessorMackaytoldusthat______ofleadareitssoftnessanditsresistance.a.      somepropertyc.propertiesb.      somepropertiesd.property20.Physics_____withmatterandmotion.a.      dealb.dealsc.dealingd.are21.Hehaswrittenseveralbooks,buthislastworks_____wellknownamonghisfriends.a.      haveb.havebeenc.isd.are22.Afterhecheckedupmy______heart,thedoctoradvisedhimtorestforafewdays.a.      father-in-law’sc.father’s-in-lawb.      father-in-lawd.father’s-in-law’s23.Hetoldme_____wouldcometohisbirthdayparty.a.      manyJackfriendsc.manyJack’sfriend b.      Jack’smanyfriendsd.manyfriendsofJack’s24.Ihadmyhaircutatthe_____aroundthecorner.a.barberb.barbersc.barber’sd.barbers’25.Yesterdayeveningwehadalovelyeveningat______.a.      PeterandHelen’sc.PeterandHelenb.      PeterandHelensd.Peter’sandHelen’s26.______receivesonlyasmallportionofthetotalamountofthesun’senergy.a.      Theearth’ssurfacec.Thesurfaceofearthb.      Thesurfaceearthd.Theearthsurface27.Numerousmaterialsareavailableto______.a.      todayofdesignersc.today’sofdesignersb.      today’sdesignersd.todaydesigners28.WhydidyouspeaktoPeterthatway?Don’tyouknowheisanoldfriendof______?a.      mybrotherb.mybrothersc.mybrother’sd.mybrother’sfriend29.______isawell-informedman.Hecantellyouanythingyouwanttoknow.a.      ThisJohn’soldfriendc.That’sJahn’soldfriendb.      ThisoldfriendofJohnd.ThisoldfriendofJohn’s30.______istoomuchforalittleboytocarry.a.Abike’sweightc.Theweightofabikeb.Theweightsofabiked.Bile’sweight31.Generallythereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.a.      littleb.muchc.alargenumberofd.alargeamountof32.Whentheygottothelecture-room,therewere______left.a.      onlyfewseatsb.averyfewseatsc.onlyafewseatsd.soafewseats33.______travelsfasterwhenthezipcodeisindicatedontheenvelope.a.      Alittlemailb.Apieceofmailc.Amaild.Asmallmail34.TheDepartmentpurchased______toimprovetheworkingconditionsthere.a.      anewequipmentc.newequipmentsb.      anewpieceofequipmentd.newpiecesofequipments35.Theboytriedhardbuttherehasbeen______inhiswork.a.      littleimprovementc.manyimprovementsb.      alittleimprovementd.fewimprovements36.Today’smodernTVcamerasrequire______lightascomparedwiththeearliermodels.a.      onlyafewb.onlyfewc.onlyalittled.onlylittle37.Nocountrycanaffordtoneglect______.a.      aneducationb.educationsc.educationd.theeducation38.Pleasewritetheanswerstothequestionsattheendof______.a.      eighthchapterb.chaptereightc.eightchapterd.chaptertheeight 39.______isonlysurpassedbythatofmonkeys’andapes’.a.      Theintelligentdogc.Theintelligenceofdogsb.      Thedogswhoseintelligenced.Thedogsbeingintelligent40.All______musttakethegraduateManagementAdmissionTest.a.      businessstudentb.business’sstudentsc.businessstudentsd.business’sstudent41.______anywhereintheUnitedStatescostslessthanadollarwhenyoudialityourself.a.      Threeminutescallc.Athree-minutescallb.      Three-minutecalld.Athree-minutecall42.The______aboutnuclearenergyrevolvesaroundthewasteproblem.a.      public’schiefconcernc.chiefpublicconcernb.      publicchiefconcernd.chiefconcernofpublic’s43.______thefirstandlargestethnicgrouptoworkontheconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroad.a.Chinesewereb.TheChinesewasc.Chinesewasd.TheChinesewere44.______cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.a.      Looker-onb.Lookers-onc.Looker-onsc.Lookers-ons45.Agroupofspectatorswasdispersedbythepolicewho______atthesceneoftheaccidentswithinminutes.a.      wereb.havebeenc.wasd.hasbeen46.Ourlivestock______notasnumerousastheyusedtobe.a.      isb.arec.bed.been47.Oneofthemostsurprisingthingsisthat______maycomefrompetroleum.a.      muchoftomorrowfoodc.manyoftomorrow’sfoodb.      muchofthefoodoftomorrowd.muchoftomorrow’sfood48.Scottisanorphanbuthereceived______.a.      verygoodeducationc.averygoodeducationb.      verygoodeducationsd.manygoodeducations49.Afterseveralday’shardworking,wehavemade______onthedesign.a.      muchimprovementc.manyimprovementb.      severalimprovementsd.someimprovement50.Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesata______yesterday.a.      shoesshopb.shoeshopc.shoes’sshopd.shoe’s51.Eggs,thoughnourishing,have______offatcontent.a.      largenumberb.alargenumberc.ahighamountd.thehighamount52.Hehasdonesome______onthatsubjectfromvariousanglesoverthepasttenyears.a.      researchb.aresearchc.researchesd.theresearches53.Recently,hehaslostallhis______.a.      wageandsavingatcardc.wagesandsavingatcard b.      wagesandsavingsatcardd.wagesandsavingsatcards54.Thecountry’swealthcomeschieflyfromitsmany______.a.      herdofcattleb.heardofcattlesc.herdsofcattled.herdsofcattles55.InBritainthe______areallpaintedred.a.      letterboxesb.lettersboxc.lettersboxesd.letters’sbox56.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad______.a.      alittlewhitehairc.afewwhitehairb.      somewhitehaird.muchwhitehair57.Allhis______farfromsatisfactiona.      conductisb.conductarec.conductsisd.conductswillbe58.Althoughthetownhadbeenattackedbythestormseveraltimes,______wasdone.a.      afewdamagesb.fewdamagesc.littledamaged.alittledamage59.Hewas______whattodo.a.      athiswitendb.athiswitsendc.athiswit’sendd.athiswits’send60.Wouldyouliketohaveacupofteaand______withme?atwotoastsb.twopiecesoftoastc.twopieceoftoastsd.towpiecesoftoasts61.Accurate______coveringthefactarenotobtainable.a.      datumb.datumsc.datad.datas62.OnMondaymorningsometeachersexchangedafew______.a.      how-are-yousc.how-are-you’sb.      ofhow-are-you’sd.ofhowareyou63.Albertsaidhemetthegirl______a.      athisuncle’sSmithroomc.athisuncleSmith’sroomb.      atSmith’shisuncle’sroomd.attheroomofhisuncle’sSmith’s64.ItisfourmonthssinceIlastsawKeats______.a.      atMrtSmith’s,thebooksellerc.atmyaunt’s,abooksellerb.      atmyaunt’s,MrsPalmer’sd.atMrsPalmer’s,thebookseller’s65.Thisroomis______.a.      theeditor’s-in-chief’sofficec.theeditor-in-chief’sofficeb.      theeditor-in-chiefofficed.theeditor’s-in-chiefoffice66.Myoldclassmate,ComradeSun,worksat______.a.      ateachercollegec.ateacher’scollegeb.      ateachers’scolleged.acollegeofateacher’s67.Thepolicemenputthecriminal______.a.      inaironb.intoaironc.inironsd.intoapairofiron68.Ourteachergaveme______.a.      anadviceb.theadvicec.manyadviced.muchadvice69.Mymothercuttheclothwith______scissors. a.      ab.twoc.acoupleofd.apairof70.Myhouseiswithin______fromtherailwaystation.a.astone’sthrowb.athrowofastonec.stone’sthrowd.thestone’sthrow  名词练习答案1D15B29D43D57A2D16B30B44B58C3C17B31C45A59D4C18C32C46B60B5A19C33B47D61C6C20B34C48B62B7A21C35A49C63B8D22A36C50B64D9C23D37C51C65B10D24C38B52A66C11C25A39B53D67C12A26A40C54C68D13D27C41D55A69D14B28C42A56D70A