高考英语语法复习精讲与练习虚拟语气 8页

高考英语语法复习精讲与练习（七）虚拟语气虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用【经典例题】1.Ifmylawyer_______herelastSaturday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented2.IfIhadwornmyovercoat,I_______cold.A.won’thavecaughtB.couldn’thavecaughtC.won’tcatchD.wouldn’tcatch3.—Ifhe______,he______thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_______,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome【答案与解析】1．A．本题考查虚拟语气。因为从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用wouldhave+过去分词形式。2．B．本题考查虚拟条件句中主句谓语动词的使用。因为从句用了过去完成时，可知主句谓语动词用would/couldhave+过去分词形式。根据句意，可知选B。3．B.根据答语，可知本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用wouldhave+过去分词形式。4．D．根据句意“在会上我没有看到你的姐姐。如果她来的话，她就见到我哥哥了”可知，这是考查对过去事实的虚拟。主句用couldhavedone，故从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时。【重点归纳】一、虚拟条件句的类别虚拟条件句可分为三类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况；一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况；另一类是叙述与将来事实相反的情况。其主句和从句的谓语动词构成如下：1.与现在事实相反条件从句用过去时（be动词的过去式一律用were），主句用would（should/might/could）+动词原形”。如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheinvitationtotheparty.如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请。IfIknewherwell,Iwouldtellyouabout her.如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情。2.与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”,如：Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了。IfIhadgotupearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthefirstbus.如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。3．与将来事实相反条件从句用过去时或者“wereto+动词原形”或者“should+动词原形”，主句用“would（should/might/could）+动词原形”,如：IfitwereSaturdaytomorrow,wewouldn’thaveanexam.如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了。Ifyouweretovisittheschooltomorrow,youwouldseeProfessorSmith.如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoffuntilnextFriday.如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周五举行。【特别提示】在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词按照“后退一步法”使用，即：与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句中用过去将来时。二、虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果if虚拟条件句中有were,had,或者should等词时，可以省略if，把这些词放在主语前，形成倒装句。如：IfIshouldmeether(ShouldImeether),Iwouldtellher.如果我遇见她的话，我就告诉她。IfIwereinyourposition(WereIinyourposition),Iwoulddoitbetter.如果我在你的位置上，我会做得更好。Iftheyhadmadepreparations(Hadtheymadepreparations),theywouldhavesucceeded.如果他们做了准备的话，他们就已经成功了。Grammarwork语法专练动词变形用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.—¬Ifthefactory___________(belong)tome,I___________(notsell)it.—Butitisn’tyours.2.—Ifyou___________(keep)thesecret,nobody___________(know)it.—I’msorryformakingsuchamistake.3.Iftheweatherweretobe(be)finetomorrow,I______(go)foranoutingwithmyparents.4.___________(be)Iyou,Iwouldthinkaboutthisproblemonceagain .5.___________(have)Ihadtimelastnight,I___________(go)toseethiswonderfulfilm.完成句子根据中文提示完成下列各句。1.如果你年轻五岁，你该怎么办？What___________you___________,ifyou___________fiveyearsyounger?2.如果你开车更小心一点，就不会出这样的事故。Ifyou______________________yourcarmorecarefully,suchatrafficaccident_________________________________.3.如果明天下雾，我就不能开车去购物。Ifit___________foggytomorrow,I______________________mycartogoshopping.4.如果明天天气转晴，我们就去野餐。Ifit______________________clearuptomorrow,we______________________forapicnic.5.如果我是一个男孩，我当然会去参军。IfI___________aboy,I___________certainlyjointhearmy.6.如果你是我兄弟，你也会一样对我。Ifyou___________mybrother,you___________treatmeinthesameway.7.如果我有你这样的姐姐会非常幸福的。I______________________veryhappy,ifI___________aneldersisterlikeyou.8.如果我捡到了那只钱包，一定交给失主了。IfI______________________upthewallet,I_________________________________ittoitsowner.9.万一明天下大雪，一切都将被改变。Ifit___________snowheavilytomorrow,everything___________bechanged.10.如果你那天没有抽烟，火灾就不会发生。Ifyou______________________thatday,thefire_________________________________out.Grammarquiz语法小测测一测选择最佳答案。1.He______youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.shouldgiveD.maygive2.Whatwouldhavehappened________asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedB.ifBobshouldwalkC.hadBobwalkedD.ifBobwalked3.________Iinyourposition,Iwouldnotaccepttheinvitation .A.WasB.WereC.BeD.Am4.Ifmyfather________herethedayaftertomorrow,he________meatall.A.came,can’tseeBcomes,couldn’tseeC.comes,couldn’thaveseenD.came,couldn’tsee5.Ifit________tosnownextweek,Iwouldnotgotovisitthatmountainvillage.A.isB.beC.wereD.are6.Ifit________rainthisevening,IwouldnotgotoseethisAmericanfilm.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might7.__________askedtodothis,Iwouldcertainlydoitinadifferentway.A.WereIB.AmIC.IfIamD.WasI8.Ifhecouldhelpus,Iamsurehe________.He’salwaysreadytohelpothers.A.shouldB.hadC.wouldhaveD.did9.________herintime,shewouldhavejumpedintotheriver.A.IfIstoppedB.DidIstopC.IfIdidn’tstopD.IfIhadn’tstopped10.IfI_________tenyearsyounger,I_________outtotrymyluck.A.am,wouldgoB.was,willgoC.were,wouldgoD.were,wouldhavegone11.Ifyou__________myadvice,you_________suchaseriousmistake.A.followed,can’tmakeB.followed,couldn’thavemadeC.hadfollowed,couldn’tmakeD.hadfollowed,couldn’thavemade12.IfI_________thatcrowdedbusyesterdaymorning,I_________mypursewithalotofmoneyinit.A.didn’ttake,couldn’tloseB.hadn’ttaken,wouldn’thavelostC.hadn’ttaken,couldn’tloseD.didn’ttake,can’thavelost语法专练(Onepossibleversion)动词变形1.belonged;wouldn’tsell2.hadkept;wouldhaveknown3.wouldgo4.Were5.Had;wouldhavegone完成句子1.would;do;were2.haddriven;couldn’thavehappened3.were;couldn’tdrive4.wereto;wouldgo5.were;would6.were;would7.wouldbe;had8.hadpicked;wouldhavereturned9.should;would10.hadn’tsmoked;wouldn’thavebroken语法小测测一测1-5ACBDC6-10BACDC11-12DB虚拟语气（二）——虚拟条件句的一些特殊 用法【考点导航】1.—Mycat’sreallyfat.（2007浙江）—You______havegivenhersomuchfood.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t2．—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?（2007全国卷I）—It_____be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must3.Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsI_____havedrivenherthere.（2007陕西）A.couldB.mustC.mightD.should【答案与解析】1．C。shouldn’thavedone表示“本来不应该做某事而实际做了”。2．C。根据句意，“本来这个湖应该是很漂亮的，但是现在被严重污染了”可知选C。should在这里表示“本来应该……，暗含着实际上不……”之意。3．D。shouldhavedone表示“本应该做某事而实际上未做”，本句意为：“我告诉你朋友该怎么到达旅馆了，但是也许我应该开车把她送到那儿去”。【重点归纳】1.错综时间条件句：有时在非真实条件句中，主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生，这时主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。如：HadItakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.如果我今天早上出来的时候带着伞的话，现在就不会淋湿了。（从句说的是过去的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情）Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你（那时）听从我的建议的话，现在就不会有事了。（从句说的是过去的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情）IfIhadn’tfinishedmycompositionbynow,Iwouldbeworkingonittomorrow.如果到现在为止我还没有完成作文的话，我明天还要接着写。（从句说的是现在的事情，而主句说的是将来的事情）2．含蓄虚拟条件句：有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。主要有以下几种情况。1)用with,without，butfor等介词短语来替代条件从句,它们都可以转换成由if引导的虚拟条件句。如：Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp.=Wemighthavediedifyouhadn’thelpedus.如果（那时）没有你们的帮助，我们可能已 经死了。Withoutthesun,nothingwouldgrow.=Iftherewasnothesun,nothingwouldgrow.没有太阳，万物都不能生长。2)用or,otherwise,butthat,suppose/supposing(that),provided/providing(that)等引导的虚拟语气。如：Youdidn’tcomeyesterday,oryouwouldhaveseenhim.你昨天没有来，否则的话，你就已经看到他了。Iwasverybusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.我上周很忙，否则的话，我就来看你了。SupposingIwasstillalittlechild,Iwouldstudyhardfromnowon.假如我还是一个小孩子的话，我将从现在开始努力学习。3)通过上下文来表示虚拟：这种情况下，需要加以分析。Iwouldhavegivenyoumoremoney,butIwassopoorthen.我（那时如果有钱的话）就可以给你更多的钱了，但是我当时太穷了。Iwouldhavecalledyou,butIforgotyourtelephonenumber.我本来可以给你打电话，但是我（那时）忘了你的电话号码。Havingknownthefactintime,wecouldn’thavesaidthat.=Ifwehadknownthefactintime,wecouldn’thavesaidthat.如果我们（那时）及时知道事实的话，就不会说那件事了。Anymaninhispositionwouldhavedonethat.处于他那个位置的任何人都会那样做的。4）由should+动词原形或者should/could/mighthave+过去分词构成的虚拟语气。种情况下，虚拟条件句经常省略，而只剩下主句结构，如：Ishouldhavetoldyouthat,butIwasafraidthatyoucouldn’tacceptthefact.我本应该告诉你那件事，但我担心你不能接受这个事实。Tom,youaresolazy!Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedhoursago.汤姆，你太懒了！这个工作本应该几个小时之前完成。3.在ifitwere/hadbeennotfor…句型中的虚拟语气Ifitwerenotfor…,表示对现在事实的假设；Ifithadnotbeenfor…,表示对过去事实的假设。IfitwerenotfortheInternet,everythingwouldbeverydifficult.要不是互联网，一切都会变得很难。Haditnotbeenforyourovercoat,Iwouldhavedied.要不是你那件大衣，我就被冻死了。Grammarwork语法专练选择最佳答案。1._________thethickforest,wewouldoftenhavetosufferfromasandstorm.A.IfitisnotforB.IfitwerenotforCIsitnotforD.Wasitnotfor2._________yourofferofriceandvegetables,wewouldhavegonehungr y.A.Ifithasn’tbeenforB.WithC.HasitnotbeenforD.Haditnotbeenfor3.__________yourtimelyandcorrectguidance,Icouldn’thavesolvedtheproblemsosmoothly.A.HaditnotbeenforB.WereitnotforC.IfithasnotbeenforD.Ifitisnotfor4.JanewouldhavegonetoWashington________togetaplaneticket.A.wassheableB.ifshehadbeenableC.wouldshebeableD.ifsheisable5.________forherencouragement,Iwouldnothavepaidforthatgood-for-nothinghugevase.A.WereitnotB.IfitisnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot6.IfI________alotofmoneylikeyou,I________buythatlargecompany.A.had,wouldbuyB.have,wouldC.had,wouldhaveboughtD.havehad,wouldhavebought7．Ifshe________myEnglishteacher,I________muchfromher.A.was,canlearnB.is,couldlearnC.were,couldlearnD.hadbeen,couldlearn8.IfI________outtoworklastyear,I________muchmoremoney.A.hadgone,wouldmakeB.hadgone,wouldhavemadeC.went,wouldmakeD.went,wouldhavemade9．Isupportedhimintime,otherwisehe______offthebike.A.mightfallB.wouldfallC.shouldhavefallenD.wouldhavefallen10.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inlovewithMaryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall11.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight______.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly12.—Whydon’tyoubuythenecklacesinceyoulikeitsomuch?—I______,butIdon’thavethemoney.A.wouldB.willC.shouldD.may13.—FinallyIgottomygrandmother’shomeonfoot.—Really?You______aridethere.A.musthavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.shouldn’thavetakenD.couldn’thavetaken14.IfIhadworkedharderatschool,I______inacomfortableofficenow.A.wouldsitB.wouldhavesatC.wouldbesittingD.weresitti ng15.Myfathertoldmehowtogetherebutperhapshe_____meamap.A.hadtogiveB.oughttogiveC.musthavegivenD.shouldhavegivenGrammarquiz语法小测I.请将下列句子翻译成英语。1.要不是你帮忙的话，我会失败的。.2.如果不是两次考大学都失败的话，他也不会一声不吭地离家出走。.3.如果不是你及时的支持，我就会输掉这次大选。.4.没有这本杂志，我们打发时光就很难。.II.根据上下文的意思，完成句子。1.Ifit______（要不是）yourmobilephone,Icouldn’thavegotintouchwithher.2.Iwasreallyverybusythatday,otherwise,I_______(就去参加舞会了)．3._________(要不是天气好的话),Icouldn’tgoclimbingthatday.4.ProvidingthatIhadfinishedthereporttwodaysbefore,I________(就不会被开除了)now.第16期B3版Keys:语法专练1-5BDABC6-10ACBDB11-15AABCD语法小测I.(Onepossibleversion)1.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.2.Nothavingfailedinthecollegeentranceexaminationtwice,hewouldn’thavelefthomewithoutsayingaword.3.Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelysupport,Iwouldhavefailedintheelection.4.Wereitnotforthismagazine,itwouldbedifficultforustokillthetime.II.(Onepossibleversion)1.hadn’tbeenfor2.wouldhavegonetotheparty3.Butforthefineweather4.wouldn’tbefired