中考 高考 英语语法复习表格专题九 定语从句(记忆版)(打印版) 3页

九．定语从句I.定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人，物主语，宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.Asweknow,Chinaisgreat./Chinaisgreat,asweknow.as做宾语一般不省略；as表示"正如"，可前置关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican"timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich◆◆Thiswasawonderfulholidaythat/whichIspentinmyhometown. 关系代词或关系副词的选用关键在于看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。（该定语从句Ispentinmyhometown中"I"是主语，"spent"是谓语，及物动词，"inmyhometown"是地点状语，显然，该从句缺少spent的宾语，所以先行词theholiday做spent的宾语，用which/that引导该从句）Thiswasawonderfulholidaywhen/inwhichIspentmy20thbirthdayinmyhometown.（该定语从句Ispentmy20thbirthdayinmyhometown中，主谓宾分别是I,spent,mybirthday，显然，先行词aholiday不能再做从句的主语或宾语，可以使用intheholiday做时间状语，所以用when/inwhich引导从句）Thisisthewaythat/inwhichhesolvedtheproblem.（定语从句）Thisishowhesolvedtheproblem.(表语从句)Allthathesaidwasreasonable.（定语从句）Whathesaidwasreasonable.(主语从句)II.that与which,who,whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2.在由"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.III.as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don"treadsuchbooksasyoucan"tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有"正如，象"的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无"正如"的意思。◆◆Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn"texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.IV.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句　对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.十．名词性从句种类作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后that,whether,if,asif,asthough,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,wherever注意：名词性从句中that引导陈述句，不做成分；whether/if引导一般问句，表示是否，不做从句的成分；what不仅引导名词性从句，且在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。其他的w-/h-在名词性从句中做状语或定语。◆◆Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn"tmattermuch.Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.Whatimpressedmemostwastheirkindness.Whathesaidwasbeyondme.表语从句在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后Theproblemisthatwelackfund.Theproblemiswhenhewillcome.Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.◆◆从句采用陈述语序。宾语从句在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.同位语从句放在名词之后(news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)表明其具体内容Youhavenoideahowworriedweare.Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.◆◆注意同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对前面名词的解释说明，定语从句是对前面名词的修饰限制。That在名词性从句中不做成分，而在定语从句中要做主语、宾语或表语。Thenewsthatwewonthematchwasexciting.（that在从句中不做成分。）Thenewsthathebroughtwasexciting.（前句是同位语从句，后者是定语从句）