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备战2013届高考英语(通用版)一轮复习专题10省略句【考纲解读】高考中对于省略的考查常体现在复合句的省略、动词不定式的省略以及交际用语中一些习惯性的省略中。【知识要点】省略和替代一样,也是一种避免重复、突出关键词语并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。只要不损害语法结构或产生歧义,能省略就应省略。尤其在对话中,它是一种普遍的现象,因为它有助于语言上的简洁。1.可省略主语和谓语。Awordaboutyourcomposition.我现在谈一下你的作文。(省略了Illsay...)Thoughtired,hewasnotdisheartened.他虽然累了,但没有泄气。(省略了hewas...)Gotalight?有火吗?(句首省略了Haveyou...)2.可省去从句。Youhavedonebetterthistime.这一次你做得好些了。(省去从句thanyoudidbefore)Oh,thatremindsme.噢,这使我想起了一件事。(me之后省去了that从句,其内容由具体情况而定)3.可用不定式to,省去前面提到的谓语动词。Jackdidn’tpassthedrivingtest,buthestillhopeto.(to后省去了pass)杰克没有通过驾驶证考试,但他仍希望能通过。4.可用so,not省略前面提到的事,表肯定与否定。—Doyouthinkit’sgoingtorainovertheweekend?你认为周末会下雨吗?—Ibelievenot/Ibelieveso.我想不会/我想会的。(即Idon’tbelieveit’sgoingtorain)5.根据不同语境可省略不同成分。如:onlyif,Ifonly,whatsoever,incase6.特殊疑问句的省略。Whereto?去哪里?(=Whereareyougoingto?)Whatfor?为什么?(例如:Whatdoyoucomeherefor?你来这里干什么?)Whynotdoit?为什么不做那件事呢?(=Whydon’tyoudoit?)How/Whatabout(sb)doingsth.?做某事怎么样?What’sontonight?今晚上映什么?What’sup?发生什么事了?【考点诠释】第6页共6页
省略是为了使句子更简洁,同时又不影响句子意义的表达。因此,省略的部分常常可以从句子结构本身或句子所处的语境中可以明确领会其成分。如:Youareastallashe(is).When(youare)inRome, doastheRomansdo.1.比较从句中的省略Iloveclassicmusicmorethan(Ilike) rockandroll.Heisnolongersoshyas(hewas)before.2.在时间状语和条件状语从句中的省略While(Iwas)onthestreet,Icameacrossafriendofmine.If(youare)offeredhelp,neverforgettosay“Thankyou!”If(itis)possible,Iwouldliketogotheretomorrow.3.在其他状语从句中的省略Iwon’tgothereunless(Iam)invited.Thingshaveturnedoutjustas(theywere)expected.Howbeautiful(itis)!4.在并列从句中的省略Thegirlsareveryhard-working;theboys(areveryhard-working)too.Thenewsmadesomepeoplehappy,but(itmade)some(otherpeople)sad.5.命令和请求Notalking!Silent,everybody!6.特定问题的回答—Wherehaveyoubeen?—(I’vebeen)Out.—Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?—(I’vebeenwaitingfor)Aboutanhour.7.简略的提问句—Tom,goandwatertheflowers.—Why(doyoumake)me(watertheflowers)?典型例题:1. ________fortherain, theconstructionworkwouldhavebeenfaster.A.Ifitwerenot B.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Ifithasn’t答案:C解析:省略if时,虚拟条件从句人要倒装。2. Thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoreimportantmeaningforthemthan_______.A.oursB.thoseofoursC.ithadforoursD.itdidforus答案:D解析:这句话也可以省略为thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoreimportantmeaningforthemthanforus.其中had是has的过去式。3. —Don’tforgettoposttheletterformeonyourway.—______.第6页共6页
A.Idon’tB.Iwon’tC.Ican’tD.Ihaven’t4. —Maryhadawonderfultimeattheparty.—_______,andsodidI.A.SoshehadB.SohadsheC.SoshedidD.Sodidshe答案:C解析:Soshedid是省略加强调。原句应该是Shedidhaveawonderfultime.她的确玩得很开心。5. _______wemovethecouchoverthere.Don’tyouthinktheroomwilllooklarger?A.WhataboutB.WhatifC.HowfarD.Howcome答案:B解析:Whatif在这里相当于是Whatwilltheroomlooklikeifwemovethecouch的省略句。whatabout后面要用动名词;howcome怎么会。6. IhearthatTomwaswritingabooklastyearandhestill______.A.doesB.isC.hasD.was7. Johnplaysfootball_______,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.sowellB.sowellasC.aswellD.aswellas答案:D解析:省略句。Johnplaysfootballaswellas(David),ifnotbetterthanDavid.8. LandtotheeastofUraliscalledAsia;landtothewest_______Europe.A./B.isC.calledD.calls答案:A解析:省略句。Landtothewest(iscalled)Europe.9. —Heprobablywillgiveyouaride.—Really,_______Idon’tneedtobuyaticket.A.ifnecessaryB.ifsoC.ifthatD.fortunately【高考链接】第6页共6页
1.(2003年上海卷,39)Generallyspeaking,accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken【解析】当分词的逻辑主语也就是主句的主语,这时可以省去逻辑主语和be动词.现在分词表示主动和进行,而过去分词表示被动和完成。在这个句子中,其实是whenthedrugistaken,省去了thedrugis,thedrug和take是被动关系.【答案】B2.(2004湖北卷,29)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythat C.inthewayD.thewaywhich【解析】本题考查定语从句中的省略,theway前省略了that或inwhich。【答案】A3.(2004江苏卷,28).--Youhaven"tlosttheticket,haveyou?--_________.Iknowit"snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso4.(2005全国卷,21)--–CanIspeaktoMrWang,please?--________.A.Whoareyou?B.I’mWangC.SpeakingD.AreyouZhang【解析】汉语打电话中说“我是…”,英语自报姓名不用“Iam…”。而用“Thisis…speaking”这一句型或其它省略形式。Speaking=ThisisMrWangspeaking=It’sMrWangspeaking【答案】C5.(2005重庆,27)__________,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent【解析】在as引导的让步再从句倒装对,名词前冠词应省略。提示:as引导的让步状语从句通常将表语或修饰谓语动词的副词提前至句首。【答案】B第6页共6页
6.(2005福建,33)When_______help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou”.A.offeringB.tooffer C.tobeofferedD.offered7.(2006年湖北,29)--Iwaswonderingifwecouldgoskiingontheweekend.--_______good.A.SoundB.SoundedC.SoundingD.Sounds【解析】Soundsgood实际上是ItSoundsgood的省略。【答案】D8.(2006年湖北,31)__________fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube9.(2008安徽卷,32)-----Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?-----Yes,_______,I’mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible【解析】本题考查四个句型结构。Ifever如果有过的话(如果发生过的话),.Ifbusy根据题意,是IfIambusy的省略,与下文语意矛盾;Ifanything意思是“更可能的是,总之”,;ifpossible如果可能的话。题意为“如果可能的话,我将去城里的一些老年之家看看。”【答案】D10.(2008福建卷,30)–Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?–Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder_____.A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytold【解析】考查省略、被动的用法。补全句子应该是Theyjustcarriedouttheorderastheyweretold。【答案】A11.(2010高考英语山东卷,28)Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutofthe第6页共6页
schoolduringtheday,accompaniedbyanadult.A.onceB.whenC.ifD.unless高考资源网(www.ks5u.com)www.ks5u.com来源:高考资源网版权所有:高考资源网(www.ks5u.com)版权所有:高考资源网(www.ks5u.com)第6页共6页